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A gladiator was an armed combatant who entertained audiences in the Roman Republic and Roman Empire in violent confrontations with other gladiators, wild animals, and condemned criminals. Some gladiators were volunteers who risked their lives and their legal and social standing by appearing in the arena. Most were despised as slaves, schooled under harsh conditions, socially marginalized, and segregated even in death.
Publius Terentius Afer, better known in English as Terence, was a Roman African playwright during the Roman Republic. His comedies were performed for the first time around 170–160 BC. Terentius Lucanus, a Roman senator, brought Terence to Rome as a slave, educated him and later on, impressed by his abilities, freed him. Terence apparently died young, probably in Greece or on his way back to Rome. All of the six plays Terence wrote have survived.
This article concerns the period 169 BC – 160 BC.
Year 165 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Torquatus and Octavius. The denomination 165 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Menander was a Greek dramatist and the best-known representative of Athenian New Comedy. He wrote 108 comedies and took the prize at the Lenaia festival eight times. His record at the City Dionysia is unknown but may well have been similarly spectacular.
A bouncer is a type of security guard, employed at venues such as bars, nightclubs, cabaret clubs, stripclubs, casinos, hotels, billiard halls, restaurants, sporting events, or concerts. A bouncer's duties are to provide security, to check legal age and drinking age, to refuse entry for intoxicated persons, and to deal with aggressive behavior or non-compliance with statutory or establishment rules. They are civilians and they are often hired directly by the venue, rather than by a security firm. Bouncers are often required where crowd size, clientele or alcohol consumption may make arguments or fights a possibility, or where the threat or presence of criminal gang activity or violence is high.
Flaccus was a composer from the 2nd century BC, of whom little is known. He was either a freedman or a slave of one of Terence's patrons and wrote musical scores for Terence's comedies. Terence mentions him specifically in the opening didascalia to each of his comedies, and in addition mentions the type of double reed pipe to be used in each. Some further commentary on the musical modes employed has puzzled scholars: it is not known whether Terence refers to melodies or musical metres.
The Duenos inscription is one of the earliest known Old Latin texts, variously dated from the 7th to the 5th century BC. It is inscribed on the sides of a kernos, in this case a trio of small globular vases adjoined by three clay struts. It was found by Heinrich Dressel in 1880 on the Quirinal Hill in Rome. The kernos is part of the collection of the Staatliche Museen in Berlin.
Sextus Julius Caesar was the name of several Roman men of the Julii Caesares. Sextus was one of three praenomina used by the Julii Caesares, the others being Lucius and Gaius, the latter being the praenomen of the most famous Julius Caesar.
Apollodorus of Carystus in Euboea, was one of the most important writers of the Attic New Comedy, who flourished in Athens between 300 and 260 B.C. He is to be distinguished from the older Apollodorus of Gela (342—290), a contemporary of Menander who was also a writer of New Comedy. He wrote 47 comedies and obtained the prize five times. Terence's Hecyra and Phormio were adapted from the Hekyra and Epidikazomenos of Apollodorus.
Lucius Ambivius Turpio was an actor, stage manager, patron, promoter and entrepreneur in ancient Rome around the time of the playwright Terence, that is, around the 2nd century BC. Formerly working with the playwright Caecilius Statius, and already known as a promoter of contemporary comic writers, Turpio moved on to serve as the producer and lead actor in most if not all of Terence's plays.
Douglass Stott Parker, Sr. was an American classicist, academic, and translator.
Hecyra is a comedic Latin play by the early Roman playwright Terence.
Sextus Julius Caesar Sex. f. L. n. was a Roman statesman, and the first member of the Julii Caesares to hold the consulship, which he attained in 157 BC.
Crossotini is a tribe of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Thomson in 1864.
Hecyra marmorata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1972. It is known from the Central African Republic.
Hecyra obscurator is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1801. It is known from Angola, Guinea, Ghana, Mozambique, Senegal, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, and Nigeria.
Hecyra tenebrioides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fåhraeus in 1872. It is known from Namibia, Malawi, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Mozambique. It contains the varietas Hecyra tenebrioides var. rufithorax.
Hecyra terrea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bertoloni in 1849. It is known from Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Roman comedy is represented by two Latin playwrights, Plautus and Terence. The works of other playwrights such as Livius Andronicus, Naevius and Ennius are now lost except for a few lines quoted in other authors. 20 plays of Plautus survive complete, and 6 of Terence.
References
- ↑ Biolib.cz - Hecyra. Retrieved on 8 September 2014.
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