Ricaniidae is a family of planthopper insects, containing over 400 species worldwide. The highest diversity is in tropical Africa and Asia and in Australia, with a few species occurring in the Palearctic and Neotropical realms. It is one of the smaller families in the planthopper superfamily Fulgoroidea.
Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination of characters. Like all other planthoppers, they suck phloem sap of plants. Some species are known to communicate with vibrations through the plant stems. Communication may be with mates, or with ants that tend the nymphs, protecting them and gathering honeydew secretions. Adults of some species have brightly coloured forewings which are tougher and known as tegmina unlike the membranous hindwings which are used for flight. Although a few can be identified by their coloration, most species requires dissection and examination under a microscope with access to literature on already described species.
Issidae is a family of planthoppers described by Spinola in 1839, belonging to the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha superfamily Fulgoroidea.
Nogodinidae is a family of planthoppers. They have membranous wings with delicate venation and can be confused with members of other Fulgoroid families such as the Issidae and Tropiduchidae. Some authors treat it as a subfamily of the Issidae.
Caliscelidae is a family of planthoppers, sap-sucking insects that belong to the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha and superfamily Fulgoroidea. They are somewhat anomalous and have often been included within the family Issidae. Studies made in 2013 of the phylogeny of the Issidae and other groups using molecular techniques support the treatment of the group as a separate family. Sexual dimorphism can be marked. Some members of the family are called piglet bugs due to the shape of their snout. A particularly aberrant genus described in 2011 from India, Formiscurra, has males that resemble ants.
Gergithus is a genus of tropical Asian planthoppers in the family Issidae, erected by Carl Stål in 1870. Like all planthoppers, adults feed on plant sap and are capable of escaping by leaping. The genus like other members in the tribe appears somewhat rounded and beetle-like, in some cases, with a mimetic resemblance to ladybird beetles. Species are mostly distributed in the Indomalayan Realm.
Delphacinae is a subfamily of delphacid planthoppers in the family Delphacidae. There are at least 1,700 described species in Delphacinae.
Achilidae is a family of planthoppers, sometimes called "achilids" in the order Hemiptera. There are at least 520 described species in Achilidae.
Tropiduchinae is a subfamily of tropiduchid planthoppers in the family Tropiduchidae.
Hemisphaerius is a genus of bugs in the family Issidae and tribe Hemisphaeriini. Species resemble the closely related Gergithus: but are differentiated in this genus by the size of the frons and shorter legs.
The Flatinae are a subfamily of planthoppers, erected by Maximilian Spinola in 1839. Genera have been recorded from all continents except Antarctica: especially in tropical and subtropical regions.
Delphacini is an important tribe of planthoppers with a world-wide distribution.
Tropidocephala is a genus of planthopper bugs, typical of the tribe Tropidocephalini. Species have been recorded from Africa, Europe and Asia.
Tambinia is a genus of planthoppers (Hemiptera) in the family Tropiduchidae and typical of the tribe Tambiniini ; species are found in Australia and Southeast Asia.
Tropiduchus is a genus of planthoppers, recorded from Africa and Malesia.
The Plectoderini are a large tribe of planthoppers in the family Achilidae, erected by Ronald Gordon Fennah in 1950. Genera have a world-wide distribution, but are hardly represented in Europe or northern Asia.
The Nogodininae are a sub-family of tropical planthoppers erected by Leopold Melichar in 1898. The recorded distribution is: South America, Africa and the Middle East, South and SE Asia through to Australia.
