The Indonesian National Revolution, also known as the Indonesian War of Independence, was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during postwar and postcolonial Indonesia. It took place between Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945 and the Netherlands' transfer of sovereignty over the Dutch East Indies to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia at the end of 1949.
Surabaya is the capital city of the Indonesian province of East Java and the second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. Located on the northeastern corner of Java island, on the Madura Strait, it is one of the earliest port cities in Southeast Asia. According to the National Development Planning Agency, Surabaya is one of the four main central cities of Indonesia, alongside Jakarta, Medan, and Makassar. The city had a population of 2,874,314 within its city limits at the 2020 census and 9.9 million in the extended Surabaya metropolitan area, making it the second-largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. The official estimate as at mid 2022 was 2,987,863.
Sukarno was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967.
The National Monument is a 132 m (433 ft) obelisk in the centre of Merdeka Square, Central Jakarta. It is the national monument of the Republic of Indonesia, built to commemorate the struggle for Indonesian independence.
Gelora 10 November Stadium, formerly known as Tambaksari Stadium, is a football stadium located in Tambaksari, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. It is currently used mostly for association football matches. Originally a football field named Tambaksari Field, the stadium holds 20,000 people. The stadium is widely known to has Pterocarpus indicus trees inside. The current name derives from the starting date of Battle of Surabaya, which later become the Indonesian Heroes' Day.
The Battle of Surabaya was fought between regular infantry and militia of the Indonesian nationalist movement and British and British Indian troops as a part of the Indonesian National Revolution against the re-imposition of Dutch colonial rule. The peak of the battle was in November 1945. The battle was the largest single battle of the revolution and became a national symbol of Indonesian resistance. Considered a heroic effort by Indonesians, the battle helped galvanise Indonesian and international support for Indonesian independence. 10 November is celebrated annually as Heroes' Day.
Sutomo, also known as Bung Tomo, is best known for his role as an Indonesian military leader during the Indonesian National Revolution against the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. He played a central role in Battle of Surabaya when the British attacked the city in October and November 1945.
Bersiap is the name given by the Dutch to a violent and chaotic phase of the Indonesian National Revolution following the end of World War II. The Indonesian word bersiap means 'get ready' or 'be prepared'. The Bersiap period lasted from August 1945 to November 1947. In Indonesia, other terms aside from bersiap are commonly used, such as gedoran in Depok, ngeli in Banten and surrounding West Java, and gegeran and dombreng in Central Java.
Major General Professor Moestopo was an Indonesian dentist, freedom fighter, and educator. He was declared a National Hero of Indonesia on 10 November 2007.
The 1947 Yogyakarta Dakota accident occurred when a Douglas C-47 Skytrain was carrying medical supplies to the de facto republican government of Indonesia at Yogyakarta which crashed on 29 July 1947.
Admiral Raden Eddy Martadinata was an Indonesian Navy admiral and diplomat. He was given the title of National Hero of Indonesia posthumously in 1966. He is recognized as one of the founders of the Indonesian Navy.
Bagindo Azizchan, was an Indonesian independence fighter and second Mayor of Padang after independence, inaugurated on 15 August 1946, replacing Abubakar Jaar. He died at the age of 36 after being involved in a battle against Dutch forces. His body was buried at the Bahagia Heroes Cemetery, Bukittinggi. On 9 November 2005, Bagindo Azizchan was declared a National Hero of Indonesia.
Events in the year 1945 in Indonesia. The country had an estimated population of 68,517,300 people.
Taman Proklamasi is a park complex located in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The park is located at the former property of Sukarno at what was known as the house at Jalan Pegangsaan Timur 56. The house, now demolished, is where the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was first read by Sukarno.
The Consulate-General of Japan, Surabaya is a Japanese diplomatic mission to Indonesia in Surabaya, East Java. The first Japanese diplomatic mission in Surabaya was established on 13 March 1920 while the city was under rule of the Dutch East Indies. In 1979, the consulate upgraded its status to Consulate-General. The General-Consulate in Surabaya leads the Japanese diplomatic mission in the 4 provinces and 8 provinces with the consulate office (branch) in Makassar. The consulate-general is located at Jalan Sumatera No.93, Gubeng, Surabaya. Takeyama Kenichi is the current consul general in Surabaya.
Galaxy Mall is an eight floors shopping center located in Surabaya, Indonesia. The mall was founded in January 1996.
Gedung Setan is a heritage building that provided Chinese families with a place of safety during Indonesian mass killings of ethnic Chinese in 1965 and 1966. This building played an important role in the lives of many Chinese descendants (Tionghoa) in Surabaya.
The Grave of Sukarno is the grave of Sukarno, Indonesia's first president, in Blitar, East Java. Initially an ordinary grave where he was buried shortly after his death, a mausoleum was constructed in the late 1970s and the site evolved into a political and religious pilgrimage site, receiving hundreds of thousands of visitors annually.
Moerachman was an Indonesian politician who served as the mayor of Surabaya, East Java, between 1963 and 1965. Although not a member of the Indonesian Communist Party, he was strongly supported by the party during his political career. In the aftermath of the 30 September Movement, he was removed from his post, imprisoned and, allegedly after being escorted out of his cell by soldiers, disappeared—likely executed.
The Hotel Yamato incident was the tearing of the blue colour of the Dutch flag flying at Hotel Yamato on 19 September 1945, which was preceded by the failure of negotiations between negotiations between Soedirman and W. V. C. Ploegman to lower the Dutch flag.
