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The longhorn beetles are a cosmopolitan family of beetles, typically characterized by extremely long antennae, which are often as long as or longer than the beetle's body. In various members of the family, however, the antennae are quite short and such species can be difficult to distinguish from related beetle families such as the Chrysomelidae. The family is large, with over 26,000 species described, slightly more than half from the Eastern Hemisphere. Several are serious pests. The larvae, called roundheaded borers, bore into wood, where they can cause extensive damage to either living trees or untreated lumber. A number of species mimic ants, bees, and wasps, though a majority of species are cryptically colored. The rare titan beetle from northeastern South America is often considered the largest insect, with a maximum known body length of just over 16.7 cm (6.6 in). The scientific name of this beetle family goes back to a figure from Greek mythology: after an argument with nymphs, the shepherd Cerambus was transformed into a large beetle with horns.
Cerambyx cerdo, commonly known as the great capricorn beetle, is a species of beetle in family Cerambycidae. It is widespread in Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Moldova, Morocco,Portugal, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom.
The Disteniidae are a small family of beetles in the superfamily Chrysomeloidea, traditionally treated as a group within the Cerambycidae.
The Vesperidae are a small family of beetles, normally classified within the family Cerambycidae, of heterogeneous aspect but all characterised by larval stages related to roots of herbaceous plants or trees
The Decora longicorn beetle is a species of the family Cerambycidae.
Cerambycini is a tribe of longhorn beetles classified under the subfamily Cerambycinae. It contains 30 genera.
Trichocnemis is a genus of beetles in the longhorn beetle family, Cerambycidae. Its species have often been treated as members of genus Ergates. Authors who separate the two genera differentiate Trichocnemis by a proportionally smaller head, the shape of the mandibles, the length of the antennae, and various other details in the morphology of the body and legs.
Archodontes melanopus is a root-boring species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Archodontes. It is native to Central America and the south-eastern United States, and bores the roots of oaks and other hardwoods.
Derobrachus megacles is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1884. It is found in Mexico and Guatemala.
Derobrachus hovorei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, known variously as the palo verde beetle, palo verde root borer, or palo verde borer beetle. For over 100 years, this species was confused with the related species Derobrachus geminatus, and only recognized and given its own name by Santos-Silva in 2007; essentially all literature prior to 2007 therefore incorrectly uses the name geminatus for this species. It is a longhorn beetle native to the American Southwest and northern Mexico which derives its common name from the palo verde tree, and it is one of the largest beetles in North America, reaching up to three and a half inches in length. Adults are black or brown in color, have long antennae, and spines on the thorax. They have wings and can fly, albeit awkwardly at times. Mature beetles emerge in the summer to mate. Adults do not eat, and rely solely on their energy reserves until they die in about one month. While not harmful to humans, they can bite in self-defense.
Anisopodus elongatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae that was described by Bates in 1863.
Trachyderes succinctus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Linnaeus in 1758.
Beraba angusticollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1961. The holotype is held in the University of Rio de Janeiro and a photo is available.
Elaphidion irroratum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Linnaeus in 1767.
Elaphidion spinicorne is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dru Drury in 1773 from Jamaica.
Styloxus fulleri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by George Henry Horn in 1880.
Praxithea javetii is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chabrillac in 1857. The holotypes were collected in Brazil.
Urgleptes ornatissimus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1885. It can be identified by its characteristically long antennae and light and dark-brown coloration.
Onychocerus albitarsis is a relatively rare species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae from the Amazon and Atlantic forest regions in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and southern Peru. It is remarkable for being the only known beetle that has a venomous sting and the only known arthropod that stings with its antennae. Each antenna ends in a stinger that has evolved to resemble a scorpion's tail and it is connected to a venom gland. The sting was already reported in 1884 but researchers thought the pain only was caused by the sharpness of the antennae, as also known from some other beetles. It was only confirmed in 2005 that it is venomous when a biologist was stung, comparing it to a bee sting, and subsequently studied it in detail. In the first of two other cases where the identity of the stinging insect was confirmed to be this beetle, a women experienced significant pain directly after the incident, and redness and itching at the sting site that lasted for a week. In the other case a man experienced moderate pain directly after being stung and redness that only lasted for an hour. The other species in the genus Onychocerus appear to not be venomous since they lack the structures inside the antennae that are associated with the venom apparatus of Onychocerus albitarsis.
Parmenolamia unifasciata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Parmenolamia. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1950, from a specimen collected in Quang Tre Vietnam.
References
- ↑ Bezark, Larry G. A Photographic Catalog of the Cerambycidae of the World Archived 2013-08-27 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved on 22 May 2012.
- ↑ https://apps2.cdfa.ca.gov/publicApps/plant/bycidDB/wdetails.asp?id=3285&w=n Cerambycidae catalogue retrieved 27 Jan 2015
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