Highjump Archipelago

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The Highjump Archipelago is a group of rocky islands, rocks and ice rises in Antarctica, about 93 kilometres (50 nmi) long and from 9 to 28 kilometres (5 to 15 nmi) wide, lying generally north of the Bunger Hills and extending from the Taylor Islands, close northwest of Cape Hordern, to a prominent group of ice rises which terminate close west of Cape Elliott. It was delineated from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump 1946–47 and so named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names. The codeword "highjump" was used for identifying the U.S. Navy Task Force 68, 1946–47. This task force was divided into three groups which completed photographic flights covering approximately 70 per cent of the coastal areas of Antarctica, excluding the Antarctic Peninsula, as well as significant portions of the interior. [1]

Ice rise an elevation of the otherwise totally flat ice shelf

An ice rise is a clearly defined elevation of the otherwise totally flat ice shelf, typically dome-shaped and rising 100 to 200 metres above the surrounding ice shelf. An ice rise forms where the ice shelf touches the rocky seabed because of an elevation in the seabed that remains below sea level.. The ice shelf flows over the seabed elevation, completely covering it with ice, thereby forming an ice rise. The resulting tension forms crevasses around the ice rise.

Antarctica Polar continent in the Earths southern hemisphere

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent. It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,200,000 square kilometres, it is the fifth-largest continent. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.

Bunger Hills oasis

Bunger Hills, also known as Bunger Lakes or Bunger Oasis, is a coastal range on the Knox Coast in Wilkes Land in Antarctica, consisting of a group of moderately low, rounded coastal hills, overlain by morainic drift and notably ice free throughout the year, lying south of the Highjump Archipelago. The reasoning behind the minute amount of ice in the area is still relatively unknown and remains under intense debate amongst scientists today.

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Sherman Island (Antarctica) Antarctic island

Sherman Island is an ice-covered island of Antarctica about 59 kilometres (32 nmi) long and 19 kilometres (10 nmi) wide, lying south of Thurston Island in the middle of Peacock Sound. The feature rises above the Abbot Ice Shelf which occupies the sound.

Windmill Islands island

The Windmill Islands are an Antarctic group of rocky islands and rocks about 11.1 kilometres (6 nmi) wide, paralleling the coast of Wilkes Land for 31.5 kilometres (17 nmi) immediately north of Vanderford Glacier along the east side of Vincennes Bay. Kirkby Shoal is a small shoal area with depths of less than 18 metres (59 ft) extending about 140 metres (459 ft) westwards and SSW, about 3.4 kilometres (2.1 mi) from the summit of Shirley Island, Windmill Islands, and 0.24 kilometres (0.15 mi) NW of Stonehocker Point, Clark Peninsula.

Zélée Glacier glacier in Antarctica

Zélée Glacier is a glacier about 6 kilometres (3 nmi) wide and 11 kilometres (6 nmi) long, flowing north-northwest from the continental ice along the west side of Lacroix Nunatak and terminating in a prominent tongue at the west side of Port Martin. Probably first sighted in 1840 by the French expedition under Captain Jules Dumont d'Urville, although no glaciers were noted on d'Urville's chart of this coast. Photographed from the air by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946-47. Charted by the French Antarctic Expedition under Liotard, 1949–51, and named for the Zélée, corvette which accompanied d'Urville's flagship, the Astrolabe.

Gillock Island

Gillock Island is an ice-covered island, 37 kilometres (20 nmi) long and 3.7 to 11.1 kilometres wide, with numerous rock outcrops exposed along its flanks. It is aligned north-south and lies in the eastern part of Amery Ice Shelf.

Balaena Islands

The Balaena Islands are a small group of rocky islands lying close to the coast of Antarctica, 19 kilometres (10 nmi) northeast of Cape Folger. They were first mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after the British floating factory Balaena, from which sketches of Knox Coast and Budd Coast were obtained as the result of reconnaissance flights and shipboard observations in 1947.

Bon Docteur Nunatak, also known as Good Doctor Nunatak, is a small coastal nunatak, 28 metres (92 ft) high, standing at the west side of the Astrolabe Glacier Tongue, 400 m (1,300 ft) south of Rostand Island in the Geologie Archipelago of Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1952–53, and named for Dr Jean Cendron, the "good doctor", medical officer and biologist with the French Antarctic Expedition, 1951–52.

Cacapon Inlet is an inlet about 2 nautical miles (4 km) wide and 9 nautical miles (17 km) long, lying between Thomas Island and Fuller Island in the Highjump Archipelago. The inlet is bounded on the west by Edisto Ice Tongue and on the east by the coast of Antarctica. It was mapped from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in February 1947, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after USS Cacapon, a tanker in the Western Task Group of Operation Highjump, 1946–47.

Currituck Island is an island in Antarctica 7 nautical miles (13 km) long marked by numerous small coves, lying on the northwest side of Edisto Channel in the Highjump Archipelago. It was mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in February, 1947, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1956 after the USS Currituck, a seaplane tender and flagship of the western task group of U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, Task Force 68, 1946–47. At that time, the northern portion was thought to be a separate feature and was named "Mohaupt Island," but subsequent Soviet Expeditions (1956–57) found that only one large island exists.

Swain Islands island group of the Windmill Islands in Antarctica

The Swain Islands are a group of small islands and rocks about 3.7 kilometres (2 nmi) in extent, lying 0.9 kilometres (0.5 nmi) north of Clark Peninsula at the northeast end of the Windmill Islands. Delineated from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in February 1947. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for K. C. Swain who served as air crewman with the central task group of U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and also with USN. Operation Windmill which obtained aerial and ground photographic coverage of the Windmill Islands in January 1948.

Dieglman Island

Dieglman Island is an island about 7 kilometres (4 nmi) long that is largely ice covered but has numerous rock outcrops, lying on the northwest side of Edisto Channel in the Highjump Archipelago. First mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named the "Dieglman Islets", subsequent Soviet expeditions (1956–57) mapped the feature as one island with numerous outcrops. The name has been altered by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) to apply to the single island. Named by US-ACAN for E.D. Dieglman, an air crewman on U.S. Navy Operation Highjump photographic flights in this area in 1946–47.

Gouverneur Island

Gouverneur Island is a low rocky island 2.2 kilometres (1.2 nmi) west-southwest of Petrel Island and 4.4 kilometres (2.4 nmi) east of Cape Géodésie in the southern part of the Géologie Archipelago, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and was charted and named by the French Antarctic Expedition under André F. Liotard, 1949–51. Liotard was the first man to encamp on the island and, as leader of the Expedition, also held the honorary post of governor.

Edisto Channel is a marine channel, whose south end is filled by Edisto Ice Tongue. It extends in a northeast–southwest direction between the Taylor Islands and the northwestern islands of the Highjump Archipelago on the west, and the Bunger Hills, Thomas Island, and the remaining islands in the Highjump Archipelago on the east. It was delineated from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for the USS Edisto, one of the two icebreakers of Operation Windmill, 1947–48, which assisted in establishing astronomical control stations along Wilhelm II Coast, Queen Mary Coast, Knox Coast and Budd Coast.

Fram Islands

The Fram Islands are a small group of rocky islands and rocks in the western portion of the Geologie Archipelago, 4 kilometres (2 nmi) north-northwest of Cape Geodesie. They were photographed from the air by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1949–51, and named by them for the Norwegian polar ship Fram, used by Fridtjof Nansen in the Arctic and Roald Amundsen in the Antarctic.

The Géologie Archipelago, also known as the Geology Archipelago or Cape Geology Archipelago, is a small archipelago of rocky islands and rocks close to the north of Cape Géodésie and Astrolabe Glacier Tongue, extending from Helene Island on the west to the Dumoulin Islands on the east, in Adélie Land, Antarctica.

Gossard Channel is a narrow channel extending in an east–west direction between the Mariner Islands and Booth Peninsula in the central portion of the Highjump Archipelago, Antarctica. It was mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for G.C. Gossard, Jr., an air crewman on Operation Highjump photographic flights in this area and other coastal areas between 14°E and 164°E.

Mitchell Peninsula is a rocky peninsula, 2.5 nautical miles (5 km) long and 2 nautical miles (4 km) wide, lying between O'Brien Bay and Sparkes Bay at the east side of the Windmill Islands, Antarctica. It was first mapped from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in February 1947 and thought to be an island connected by a steep snow ramp to the continental ice overlying Budd Coast, though the term peninsula was considered more appropriate by the Wilkes Station party of 1957. Mitchell Peninsula was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Captain Ray A. Mitchell, U.S. Navy, captain of the USS Cacapon, a tanker of the western task group of Operation Highjump, Task Force 68 of 1946–47.

Marret Glacier glacier in Antarctica

Marret Glacier is a channel glacier about 4 nautical miles (7 km) wide and 4 nautical miles long, flowing northeast from the continental ice of Antarctica to the coast close east of Cape Robert. It was delineated from aerial photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Mario Marret, the leader of the French Antarctic Expedition, 1952–53, whose party extended reconnaissance of the coastal features to the west side of Victor Bay.

Cape Henderson is an ice-free cape, overlain by morainic drift, marking the northwest end of the Bunger Hills in Antarctica. It was mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in February 1947, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for the USS Henderson (DD-785), the destroyer escort of the western task group of Operation Highjump, Task Force 68, 1946–47.

Manchot Island

Manchot Island is a rocky island lying in the entrance to Port Martin, Antarctica. It is 0.4 kilometres (0.2 nmi) west of Bizeux Rock and 0.4 kilometres (0.2 nmi) north of Cape Margerie. The island was photographed from the air by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and was charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1949–51. It was so named by the French expedition because a large Adélie penguin rookery was located on the island, and "manchot" is a French word for penguin.

References

PD-icon.svg This article incorporates  public domain material from the United States Geological Survey document "Highjump Archipelago" (content from the Geographic Names Information System ). Coordinates: 66°5′S101°0′E / 66.083°S 101.000°E / -66.083; 101.000

United States Geological Survey Scientific agency of the United States government

The United States Geological Survey is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization has four major science disciplines, concerning biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The USGS is a fact-finding research organization with no regulatory responsibility.

Geographic Names Information System geographical database

The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its territories. It is a type of gazetteer. GNIS was developed by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) to promote the standardization of feature names.