The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is a non-UN intergovernmental organization located in The Hague,Netherlands. Unlike a judicial court in the traditional sense,the PCA provides services of arbitral tribunal to resolve disputes that arise out of international agreements between member states,international organizations or private parties. The cases span a range of legal issues involving territorial and maritime boundaries,sovereignty,human rights,international investment,and international and regional trade. The PCA is constituted through two separate multilateral conventions with a combined membership of 122 states. The organization is not a United Nations agency,but the PCA is an official United Nations Observer.
The American Arbitration Association (AAA) is a not-for-profit organization focused in the field of alternative dispute resolution,providing services to individuals and organizations who wish to resolve conflicts out of court,and one of several arbitration organizations that administers arbitration proceedings. The AAA also administers mediation and other forms of alternative dispute resolution. It is headquartered in New York City,with regional offices in Atlanta,Boston,Charlotte,Chicago,Dallas,Denver,Detroit,East Providence,Rhode Island,Fresno,Houston,Los Angeles,Miami,Minneapolis,New York City,Philadelphia,Phoenix,San Antonio,San Diego,San Francisco,Seattle,Somerset,New Jersey and Washington,DC.
Online dispute resolution (ODR) is a branch of dispute resolution which uses technology to facilitate the resolution of disputes between parties. It primarily involves negotiation,mediation or arbitration,or a combination of all three. In this respect it is often seen as being the online equivalent of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). However,ODR can also augment these traditional means of resolving disputes by applying innovative techniques and online technologies to the process.
The Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) is a process established by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) for the resolution of disputes regarding the registration of internet domain names. The UDRP currently applies to all generic top level domains,some country code top-level domains,and to all new generic top-level domains.
The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) is an international arbitration institution established in 1966 for legal dispute resolution and conciliation between international investors and States. ICSID is part of and funded by the World Bank Group,headquartered in Washington,D.C.,in the United States. It is an autonomous,multilateral specialized institution to encourage international flow of investment and mitigate non-commercial risks by a treaty drafted by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development's executive directors and signed by member countries. As of May 2016,153 contracting member states agreed to enforce and uphold arbitral awards in accordance with the ICSID Convention.
Arbitration is a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) that resolves disputes outside the judiciary courts. The dispute will be decided by one or more persons,which renders the 'arbitration award'. An arbitration decision or award is legally binding on both sides and enforceable in the courts,unless all parties stipulate that the arbitration process and decision are non-binding.
Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution (CEDR) is a London-based mediation and alternative dispute resolution body. It was founded as a non-profit organisation in 1990,with the support of The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) and a number of British businesses and law firms,to encourage the development and use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and mediation in commercial disputes. Professor Karl Mackie,a barrister and psychologist,became the organisation's Chief Executive and Eileen Carroll QC (hon),a Trans-Atlantic partner with a law firm joined to become the Deputy Chief Executive in 1996. On 12 June 2010 it was announced in the Queen's Birthday Honours that Karl Mackie was appointed a CBE by the UK Government for ‘services to mediation',the first citing of this reason for the award.
The Chartered Institute of Arbitrators is a professional organisation representing the interests of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) practitioners. Founded on 1 March 1915,it was granted a royal charter by Queen Elizabeth II in 1979.
Forum,formerly known as the National Arbitration Forum (NAF) is an American organization that provides arbitration and mediation services to businesses,based at its Minneapolis headquarters and offices in New Jersey. The organization was founded in 1986. As of 2008,the National Arbitration Forum administered over 200,000 cases a year,most of which were consumer debt collection cases. In 2009,the National Arbitration Forum ceased administration of new consumer arbitrations as part of a consent decree with the Attorney General of Minnesota Lori Swanson concerning the NAF's ties with debt collection firms. The company maintains a panel of over 1,600 arbitrators and mediators who are attorneys and former judges located across the United States and in 35 countries around the world. Panelists arbitrate and mediate the disputes.
Alternative dispute resolution (ADR),or external dispute resolution (EDR),typically denotes a wide range of dispute resolution processes and techniques that parties can use to settle disputes with the help of a third party. They are used for disagreeing parties who cannot come to an agreement short of litigation. However,ADR is also increasingly being adopted as a tool to help settle disputes within the court system.
Cybersquatting is the practice of registering,trafficking in,or using an Internet domain name,with a bad faith intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else.
The Beijing Arbitration Commission (BAC) is an independent non-profit organization based in Beijing offering services in arbitration,mediation,and other dispute resolution mechanisms. The BAC was established in 1995 following the passage of the Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China. In accordance with the theories of other ADR channels,the BAC encourages arbitration and mediation forums as "win-win" alternatives to litigation. The BAC serves both domestic and international clients. An article in Business China declared the Beijing Arbitration Commission (BAC) as "the only local arbitration commission which meets or surpasses global standards.”
The Arab Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ARABCCI) or (ArabCham) in Hong Kong was established in 2006 to promote commercial ties between Hong Kong and Greater China with the Arab world. The Arab Chamber of Commerce is a not for profit organisation,The President is Edwin Hitti.
Douglas Samuel Jones,is an independent international arbitrator based in London,Sydney and Toronto. He is a door tenant at Atkin Chambers,London,a member of Sydney Arbitration Chambers,and a member of Toronto Arbitration Chambers in Toronto,Canada. He serves as an International Judge of the Singapore International Commercial Court.
Singapore Mediation Centre (SMC) is a not-for-profit organisation structured as a company limited by the guarantee of the Singapore Academy of Law.
The judicial system of the United Arab Emirates is based on the Constitution of the United Arab Emirates. It is a dual system as it has local and federal courts with a Supreme Court based at Abu Dhabi.
Allan Jeffrey Stitt is a chartered Canadian arbitrator,mediator and film producer. He is the president and CEO of ADR Chambers,a Canadian arbitration and mediation organization. Stitt is the recipient of the 2006 Ontario Bar Association Award of Excellence in Alternative Dispute Resolution. In 2022,Stitt was awarded an honourary Doctor of Laws from the University of Windsor Faculty of Law. As a movie executive producer,Stitt has also contributed to films including The Layover,The Birth of a Nation,Into the Forest,I Saw the Light,and Ithaca.
Madeline Kimei is a Tanzanian legal expert,arbitrator and mediator practicing commercial and corporate law. She currently serves as President of the Tanzania Institute of Arbitrators (TIArb). She is considered the first woman in Tanzania to start an online platform dealing with dispute resolution called iResolve which she launched in 2015. She is specialized in providing corporate and commercial legal support,counsel for domestic and international arbitration,commercial mediation and dispute management specialist.
The legal industry refers to the aggregation and integration of sectors within the economic system that provide legal goods and services. The global legal industry is fast-growing:in 2015,it was valued at USD 786 billion,USD 886 billion by 2018 and is expected to exceed USD 1 trillion by 2021. The United States and Europe dominate the legal industry,with the former accounting for more than half of the global market revenue. Meanwhile,Europe accounts for more than a quarter of revenue. Legal services in the Asia-Pacific region continues to grow,with total revenues of $103.3 billion in 2018.
International Arbitration and Mediation Centre (IAMC) as proposed by the International Arbitration and Mediation Centre Trust is an autonomous body which was inaugurated in Hyderabad by Chief Justice of India NV Ramana and Telangana Chief Minister K. Chandrasekhar Rao. It is fourth centre of its kind after ones in Dubai,London and Singapore. The institution acts as mediator or arbitrator for contract value of more than 30 million Indian rupees (393,000 USD) in case of dispute involving any entity owned or managed by Government of Telangana.
