Oyster sloop Hope loaded with oysters in summer 1991 | |
History | |
---|---|
Name: | Hope |
Builder: | Stanley G. Chard |
Laid down: | 1945 |
Launched: | 1948 |
Homeport: | Norwalk, Connecticut |
General characteristics | |
Type: | Sloop |
Length: | |
Beam: | 15 ft 2 in (4.6 m) |
Height: | 48 ft (15 m) Mainmast |
Draft: | 4 ft 9 in (1.4 m) |
Sail plan: | Gaff rig |
Hope is an oyster sloop that was completed in 1948. It is believed to be the last sail-powered oystering vessel built on the Long Island Sound. [1] Hope is 56 feet (17 m) long, including the bowsprit, and 42 feet 2 inches (12.9 m) at the waterline. Its beam is 15 feet 2 inches (4.6 m), and it draws 4 feet 9 inches (1.4 m) with the centerboard up. Hope is gaff rigged, 'V'-bottomed and has an 850-pound (390 kg) centerboard. Hope's shallow draft facilitated shoal water work.
A sloop is a sailing boat with a single mast and a fore-and-aft rig. A sloop has only one head-sail; if a vessel has two or more head-sails, the term cutter is used, and its mast may be set further aft than on a sloop.
Long Island Sound is a tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean, lying between the eastern shores of The Bronx, New York City, southern Westchester County, and Connecticut to the north, and the North Shore of Long Island, to the south. From west to east, the sound stretches 110 miles (177 km) from the East River in New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, to Block Island Sound. A mix of freshwater from tributaries and saltwater from the ocean, Long Island Sound is 21 miles (34 km) at its widest point and varies in depth from 65 to 230 feet.
The bowsprit of a sailing vessel is a spar extending forward from the vessel's prow. It provides an anchor point for the forestay(s), allowing the fore-mast to be stepped farther forward on the hull.
The keel of Hope was hewn from a giant white oak felled in a hurricane on Brush Island in Indian Harbor, Greenwich, Connecticut. [2]
On boats and ships, the keel is either of two parts: a structural element that sometimes resembles a fin and protrudes below a boat along the central line, or a hydrodynamic element. These parts overlap. As the laying down of the keel is the initial step in the construction of a ship, in British and American shipbuilding traditions the construction is dated from this event. Only the ship's launching is considered more significant in its creation.
Greenwich is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a total population of 61,171. It is the 10th largest municipality in Connecticut, and the largest that functions as a town.
The frame and planking are of white oak trees cut on the Benedict estate across the harbor from Brush Island. They were hauled to Buttery Sawmill in Silvermine to be cut into lumber. The hull is all white oak, double planked and put together by trunnels. The deck is Douglas fir, 2 inches (5 cm) thick. [2]
Silvermine is an unincorporated community in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The settlement is within the city limits of Norwalk.
A treenail, also trenail, trennel, or trunnel, is a wooden peg, pin, or dowel used to fasten pieces of wood together, especially in timber frames, covered bridges, wooden shipbuilding and boat building. It is driven into a hole bored through two pieces of structural wood.
Hope's mast is a 48 feet (15 m) Navy Sitka spruce spar from the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Sitka spruce, although it is not considered a light-weight wood, is enormously strong for its weight. Hope’s mast is stepped slightly off-center, a bit to port. [2]
The Brooklyn Navy Yard is a shipyard and industrial complex located in northwest Brooklyn in New York City, New York. The Navy Yard is located on the East River in Wallabout Bay, a semicircular bend of the river across from Corlears Hook in Manhattan. It is bounded by Navy Street to the west, Flushing Avenue to the south, Kent Avenue to the east, and the East River on the north. The site, which covers 225.15 acres (91.11 ha), is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Although engines were becoming commonplace for work vessels in the 1940s, Hope, like its predecessors, was designed as a sail-powered vessel because of shell fishing laws enacted before World War 1, which lasted until 1969. These laws, designed to protect state-owned oyster grounds, prohibited the use of motor-powered vessels on the grounds. [3]
Designed by Stanley G. Chard, Hope was built on Brush Island by Chard and his two nephews, William B. Chard and Clarence E. Chard.
Work on Hope was begun in the fall of 1945 and continued for three winters and one summer. The vessel was launched early in the summer of 1948.
The Chards used the Hope, so christened because of the failing oyster harvests, to dredge for oysters for more than 10 years until the oyster beds were decimated by starfish. Then, Clarence Chard used Hope to dredge for clams until his retirement several years later. [2]
After his retirement, Clarence Chard converted Hope to an excursion boat, which he kept tied up near the Showboat Restaurant in Greenwich, CT, spending much of his time aboard, until 1971, when he sold it to Jack Spratt of Old Greenwich, who used it for family sailing. [2]
During the time that Jack Spratt owned the vessel; it featured 1,495 square feet (139 m2) of sail and a six-cylinder Hercules truck engine, which was later replaced by a 135 horsepower (101 kW) Palmer auxiliary engine. Under Spratt's ownership, the old sailcloth sails, too heavy for pleasure boating, were replaced with lighter Dacron sails. Other changes made by Spratt were the installation of a taffrail and brass stanchions with a stainless steel lifeline. A lifeline is a line on the deck of a boat, to which one can attach oneself to stay aboard in rough seas. A boom gallows was added at the stern with davits for a dinghy. [2]
Under Spratt's ownership, Hope sailed in many parades and festivals. It participated in Operation Sail in New York Harbor during the United States Bicentennial celebration in 1976. In 1978 it participated in the Boston Harbor Festival as well as the Norwalk Seaport Oyster Festival. Hope also represented the Town of Greenwich at various celebrations and regattas over the years. [1]
In October 1981, The Norwalk Seaport Association purchased Hope from Spratt for $15,000, which would be paid off over the next three years. Hope became the flagship of the Norwalk Seaport Association. On May 22, 1982, Hope was commissioned at the Veterans Memorial Park launching ramps in Norwalk, CT in a ceremony that included music, poetry, and speeches from then Mayor Thomas C. O'Connor and the President of the Norwalk Seaport Association. [2]
In the following years, the Norwalk Seaport Association raised funds to restore and maintain Hope. In November 1983, they commissioned nationally renowned marine artist, Mark Greene to produce a lithograph of the vessel. Fifty of the pieces were created, each one being signed and custom framed. As part of the Seaport Association’s Hope Chest initiative, the first 35 people to donate $1,000 or more to the vessel would receive one of the images, with the remaining 15 to be sold in coming years. [4] [5]
During the time that Hope was owned by the Norwalk Seaport Association, it was re-painted, its steering box and engine were rebuilt and some planks were replaced. Additionally, a dedicated dock for Hope was constructed in the Norwalk River off of North Water Street in South Norwalk, where it resided beginning in May 1983. [4]
As the efforts of the Seaport Association turned more toward the refurbishing of Sheffield Island Light, which they acquired in 1987, Hope was donated to the Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk, which was then known as The Maritime Center.
For the years following, Hope sat on display in the court yard of The Maritime Aquarium until, in 1990, Tallmadge Brothers, an oyster company in Norwalk, took on the project of restoring Hope. [6]
In a local news article, Hillard Bloom of Tallmadge Brothers explained that the vessel should not have been hauled and left on dry land as it had, if there were intentions of ever making it a working vessel again. He stated that the planks of oak vessels like Hope have the tendency to shrink when removed from the water for an extended period of time. The restoration process began with Hope being lifted back into the water where its boards were given the opportunity to take in moisture and expand. [6]
The restoration process continued when the crew of Tallmadge Brothers transported the vessel to a dry dock in Bridgeport, CT where its boards were caulked, its deck was sanded, its mast was stepped, its bottom and topsides were painted, and it was fully rigged. [6]
After its restoration, Hope was given to the Norwalk Maritime Aquarium and remained on display at the Hope Dock in the Norwalk River located between the South Norwalk Railroad Bridge and the Stroffolino draw bridge. On land, facing the boat below is a kiosk explaining Hope’s history, which those passing on the sidewalk can read.
Hope has recently fallen victim to corrosion and wood rot as the Maritime Aquarium had difficulties keeping the maintenance budget current. Hope has been acquired by Shenton and Kelcey King of Bridgeport, CT. Shenton intends to restore the vessel for use as a private pleasure vessel for he and his family. Shenton's father and past president of the Norwalk Seaport Association, Richard S. King, led the original acquisition and restoration team when the vessel was first acquired by the Seaport Association in the early 1980s.
The Bermuda sloop is a type of fore-and-aft rigged single-masted sailing vessel developed on the islands of Bermuda in the 17th century. Such vessels originally had gaff rigs with quadrilateral sails, but evolved to use the Bermuda rig with triangular sails. Although the Bermuda sloop is often described as a development of the narrower-beamed Jamaica sloop, which dates from the 1670s, the high, raked masts and triangular sails of the Bermuda rig are rooted in a tradition of Bermudian boat design dating from the earliest decades of the 17th century. It is distinguished from other vessels with the triangular Bermuda rig, which may have multiple masts or may not have evolved in hull form from the traditional designs.
South Norwalk is a neighborhood and the Second Taxing District in Norwalk, Connecticut. The neighborhood was originally a settlement called 'Old Well' which became chartered as the city of 'South Norwalk' on August 18, 1870. The cities of Norwalk and South Norwalk were incorporated on June 6, 1913. The neighborhood is often referred to with the acronym 'SoNo'.
Northwest Seaport Maritime Heritage Center is a nonprofit organization in Seattle, Washington dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of Puget Sound and Northwest Coast maritime heritage, expressed through educational programs and experiences available to the public aboard its ships. The organization owns three large historic vessels docked at the Historic Ships' Wharf in Seattle's Lake Union Park; the tugboat Arthur Foss (1889), Lightship 83 Swiftsure (1904), and the halibut fishing schooner Tordenskjold (1911). These vessels are used as platforms for a variety of public programs, ranging from tours and festivals to restoration workshops and vocational training.
Sharpies are a type of hard chined sailboat with a flat bottom, extremely shallow draft, centreboards and straight, flaring sides. They are believed to have originated in the New Haven, Connecticut region of Long Island Sound, United States. They were traditional fishing boats used for oystering, and later appeared in other areas. With centerboards and shallow balanced rudders they are well suited to sailing in shallow tidal waters.
The Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk is an aquarium located in the South Norwalk section of Norwalk, Connecticut.
A Beetle Cat is a 12-foot-4-inch (3.76 m) catboat first built in 1920 in New Bedford, Massachusetts by members of the Beetle family. Over 4,000 have been built. Beetle, Inc., now in Wareham, Massachusetts, is the sole builder of Beetle Cat boats.
A sandbagger sloop is a type of sailboat made popular in the 19th century as a work vessel which also could be used as a pleasure craft. They are a descendant of shoal-draft sloops used in oyster fishing in the shallow waters of New York Bay The term "sandbagger" refers to the use of sandbags to shift the boat's center of gravity in order to obtain the most power from the sails. In practice, the sandbags were actually filled with gravel in order to keep them from retaining excessive amounts of water.
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Charles Drown Mower of New York was a noted yacht designer and author, and was at one time design editor of the Rudder magazine and a contributing author to Motor Boating magazine.
Christeen is the oldest oyster sloop in the United States and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1992.
Priscilla is a classic oyster dredging sloop that was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006. It is berthed near the Modesty, another National Historic Landmark sloop at the Long Island Maritime Museum.
Modesty was an oyster sloop built in 1923 by The Wood and Chute Shipyard of Greenport, Long Island. Modeled after the catboat Honest, which was built in 1892 by Jelle Dykstra on the west bank of Greens Creek, West Sayville, Modesty was built as a gaff-rigged sloop, but retained the extreme beam of a catboat. For auxiliary power, a two-cylinder Gafka gasoline engine was installed.
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The Long Island Maritime Museum is located in West Sayville, New York.
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