Hotan River | |
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Native name | |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | Karakash River, White Jade River |
• coordinates | 38°05′N80°34′E / 38.08°N 80.56°E |
Mouth | Tarim River |
• coordinates | 40°28′43″N80°56′39″E / 40.478479°N 80.944169°E Coordinates: 40°28′43″N80°56′39″E / 40.478479°N 80.944169°E |
Basin features | |
Progression | Tarim→ Taitema Lake |
Hotan River | |||||||||
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Uyghur name | |||||||||
Uyghur | خوتەن دەرياسى | ||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||
Chinese | 和田河 | ||||||||
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Old name | |||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 和闐河 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 和阗河 | ||||||||
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The Hotan River (also known as the Khotan River or the Ho-t'ien River) is formed by the union of the White Jade (Yurungkash) and Karakash (Black Jade) Rivers,which flow north from the Kunlun Mountains into the Taklamakan Desert in northern China. The two rivers unite towards the middle of the desert,some 145 kilometres (90 mi) north of the town of Hotan. The river then flows 290 kilometres (180 mi) northwards across the desert and empties itself into the Tarim River. [2] Because the river is fed by melting snow from the mountains,it only carries water during the summer and is dry the rest of the year. Prior to construction of the Tarim Desert Highway in 1995,the Hotan river bed provided the only transportation system across the Tarim Basin. [3]
In the mid-20th century,wells along the course of the river included (south to north):Hsüeh-erh-ch'i-k'o-ma,Chi-la-mu-yeh-te-tao,Ai-k'o-t'i-ken,Ch'i-erh-ko-han-t'u-mu-shu-k'o,A-ya-k'o-wu-ssu-tan,Man-ta-t'u-mu-shu-k'o,Lo-tsa-pai-t'u-mu-shu-k'o,Yeh-ma-la-k'o-tao,Po-lo-ch'u-shih-kan,Hsi-t'i-pa-ku-t'an and Ya-erh-te-ku-tzu. [4]
Wade–Giles is a romanization system for Mandarin Chinese. It developed from a system produced by Thomas Francis Wade,during the mid-19th century,and was given completed form with Herbert A. Giles's Chinese–English Dictionary of 1892.
The Taklamakan Desert is a desert in Southwest Xinjiang in Northwest China. It is bounded by the Kunlun Mountains to the south,the Pamir Mountains to the west,the Tian Shan range to the north,and the Gobi Desert to the east.
The Kunlun Mountains constitute one of the longest mountain chains in Asia,extending for more than 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi). In the broadest sense,the chain forms the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau south of the Tarim Basin.
Hotan is a major oasis town in southwestern Xinjiang,an autonomous region in Western China. The city proper of Hotan broke off from the larger Hotan County to become an administrative area in its own right in August 1984. It is the seat of Hotan Prefecture.
The White Jade River,also known by the native names Baiyu or Yurungkash,is a river in the southern Xinjiang region of China.
The Tarim Basin is an endorheic basin in Northwest China occupying an area of about 1,020,000 km2 (390,000 sq mi) and one of the largest basins in Northwest China. Located in China's Xinjiang region,it is sometimes used synonymously to refer to the southern half of the province,or Nanjiang,as opposed to the northern half of the province known as Dzungaria or Beijiang. Its northern boundary is the Tian Shan mountain range and its southern boundary is the Kunlun Mountains on the edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The Taklamakan Desert dominates much of the basin. The historical Uyghur name for the Tarim Basin is Altishahr,which means 'six cities' in Uyghur.
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The Cofán language is the language of the Cofán people,an indigenous group native to the province of Sucumbíos in northeast Ecuador and southern Colombia.
Hotan Prefecture is located in the Dzungaria region in the southwestern part of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,bordering the Tibet Autonomous Region to the south and Union Territory of Ladakh and Gilgit-Baltistan to the west. The vast majority of the Aksai Chin region which is disputed between China and India is administered as part of Hotan Prefecture. The seat of Hotan Prefecture is Hotan and its largest county by population is Karakax County. The vast majority of the residents of the prefecture are Muslim Uyghurs and live around oases situated between the desolate Taklamakan Desert and Kunlun Mountains.
Hindutash,also known as Hindu-tagh Pass,is a historical mountain pass in the western Xinjiang,China. The pass cuts through the Kunlun Mountains connecting the now-deserted town of Kangxiwar in the Karakash River valley to the town of Pusha in the Yurungkash River valley. It also connects to the road to the city of Hotan.
Simplified Wade,abbreviated SW,is a modification of the Wade–Giles romanization system for writing Standard Mandarin Chinese. It was devised by the Swedish linguist Olov Bertil Anderson (1920–1993),who first published the system in 1969. Simplified Wade uses tonal spelling:in other words it modifies the letters in a syllable in order to indicate tone differences. It is one of only two Mandarin romanization systems that indicate tones in such a way. All other systems use diacritics or numbers to indicate tone.
John Ching Hsiung Wu was a Chinese jurist and author. He wrote works in Chinese,English,French,and German on Christian spirituality,Chinese literature and on legal topics.
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The Lhasa riot of 1750 or Lhasa uprising of 1750 took place in the Tibetan capital Lhasa,and lasted several days during the period of the Qing Dynasty's patronage in Tibet. The uprising began on 11 November 1750 after the expected new regent of Tibet,Gyurme Namgyal,was assassinated by two Qing Manchu diplomats,or ambans. As a result,both ambans were murdered,and 51 Qing soldiers and 77 Chinese citizens were killed in the uprising. A year later the leader of the rebellion,Lobsang Trashi,and fourteen other rebels were executed by Qing officials.
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Li Ching,also spelled Lee Ching,was a Hong Kong actress.
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Lovers Under the Rain is a 1986 Taiwanese television drama series based on Chiung Yao's 1964 romance novel Fire and Rain. Mainly set in 1960s Taipei,the story follows a young girl Lu Yi-ping as she plotted revenge against her father—formerly a warlord in Northeast China who had 9 wives before fleeing the Chinese Communist Revolution for Taiwan—and his entire household,including her kind half-sister Lu Ru-ping.
Hsüeh-erh-ch'i-k'o-ma (well){...}Chi-la-mu-yeh-te-tao (well){...}Ai-k'o-t'i-ken (well){...}Ch'i-erh-ko-han-t'u-mu-shu-k'o (well){...}A-ya-k'o-wu-ssu-tan (well){...}Man-ta-t'u-mu-shu-k'o (well){...}Lo-tsa-pai-t'u-mu-shu-k'o (well){...}Yeh-ma-la-k'o-tao (well){...}Po-lo-ch'u-shih-kan (well){...}Hsi-t'i-pa-ku-t'an (well){...}Ya-erh-te-ku-tzu (well)