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Svante Pääbo is a Swedish geneticist and Nobel Laureate who specialises in the field of evolutionary genetics. As one of the founders of paleogenetics,he has worked extensively on the Neanderthal genome. In 1997,he became founding director of the Department of Genetics at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig,Germany. Since 1999,he has been an honorary professor at Leipzig University;he currently teaches molecular evolutionary biology at the university. He is also an adjunct professor at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology,Japan.
The Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology is a research institute based in Leipzig,Germany,that was founded in 1997. It is part of the Max Planck Society network.
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences in and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (alleles),a situation called polymorphism.
The Neanderthal genome project is an effort of a group of scientists to sequence the Neanderthal genome,founded in July 2006.
The Sidrón Cave is a non-carboniferous limestone karst cave system located in the Piloña municipality of Asturias,northwestern Spain,where Paleolithic rock art and the fossils of more than a dozen Neanderthals were found. Declared a "Partial Natural Reserve" in 1995,the site also serves as a retreat for five species of bats and is the place of discovery of two species of Coleoptera (beetles).
Vindija Cave is an archaeological site associated with Neanderthals and modern humans,located in the municipality of Donja Voća,northern Croatia. Remains of three Neanderthals were selected as the primary sources for the first draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome project in 2010. Additional research was done on the samples and published in 2017.
The multiregional hypothesis,multiregional evolution (MRE),or polycentric hypothesis,is a scientific model that provides an alternative explanation to the more widely accepted "Out of Africa" model of monogenesis for the pattern of human evolution.
Neanderthals,also known colloquially as cavemen,are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. The type specimen,Neanderthal 1,was found in 1856 in the Neander Valley in present-day Germany.
Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans occurred during the Middle Paleolithic and early Upper Paleolithic. The interbreeding happened in several independent events that included Neanderthals and Denisovans,as well as several unidentified hominins.
Mezmaiskaya Cave is a prehistoric cave site overlooking the right bank of the Sukhoi Kurdzhips in the southern Russian Republic of Adygea,located in the northwestern foothills of the North Caucasus in the Caucasus Mountains system.
Johannes Krause is a German biochemist with a research focus on historical infectious diseases and human evolution. Since 2010,he has been professor of archaeology and paleogenetics at the University of Tübingen. In 2014,Krause was named a founding co-director of the new Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena.
The Goyet Caves are a series of connected caves located in Wallonia in a limestone cliff about 15 m (50 ft) above the river Samson near the village of Mozet in the Gesves municipality of the Namur province,Belgium. The site is a significant locality of regional Neanderthal and European early modern human occupation,as thousands of fossils and artifacts were discovered that are all attributed to a long and contiguous stratigraphic sequence from 120,000 years ago,the Middle Paleolithic to less than 5,000 years ago,the late Neolithic. A robust sequence of sediments was identified during extensive excavations by geologist Edouard Dupont,who undertook the first probings as early as 1867. The site was added to the Belgian National Heritage register in 1976.
Genetic studies on Neanderthal ancient DNA became possible in the late 1990s. The Neanderthal genome project,established in 2006,presented the first fully sequenced Neanderthal genome in 2013.
Carles Lalueza Fox is a Spanish biologist specialized in the study of ancient DNA. A doctor in Biology for the University of Barcelona,he worked in Cambridge and Oxford as well as in the private genetics company CODE Genetics of Iceland. Since 2008,he has served as a research Scientist in the Institute of Evolutionary Biology.
Denny is an ~90,000 year old fossil specimen belonging to a ~13-year-old Neanderthal-Denisovan hybrid girl. To date,she is the only first-generation hybrid hominin ever discovered. Denny’s remains consist of a single fossilized fragment of a long bone discovered among over 2,000 visually unidentifiable fragments excavated at the Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains,Russia in 2012.
Douglas F. Easton FMedSci is a British epidemiologist who conducts research on the genetics of human cancers. He is Professor of Genetic Epidemiology and Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology at the University of Cambridge. He founded Cambridge's Cancer Research UK Genetic Epidemiology Unit in 1995,and was a Principal Research Fellow there from 2001 to 2011. He is a Professorial Fellow of Homerton College,Cambridge.
Viviane Slon is a paleogeneticist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. She identified that a teenage girl born 90,000 years ago had both Neanderthal and Denisovan parents. She was selected as one of Nature's 10 in 2018.
Leucine zipper transcription factor like 1 also known as LZTFL1 is a ubiquitously expressed protein which localizes to the cytoplasm and in humans is encoded by the LZTFL1 gene.
The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to the Swedish geneticist Svante Pääbo "for his research in the field of genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution". It was announced by Thomas Perlmann,secretary of the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm,Sweden,on 3 October 2022.
Andre Franke,born on 16 October 1978,is a geneticist,academic,and university professor. He is a Full W3 Professor of Molecular Medicine at the Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel,and a managing director at the Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology.
References
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- 1 2 "Zeberg laboratory | Karolinska Institutet". ki.se.
- ↑ "Hugo Zeberg on his Nobel Prize awarded colleague: "I've learnt a lot from him" | Karolinska Institutet Nyheter". news.ki.se. October 27, 2023.
- 1 2 "The 2022 Sven och Ebba-Christina Hagberg Prize is awarded to Cristiana Cruceanu and Hugo Zeberg | Karolinska Institutet Nyheter". news.ki.se. October 24, 2023.
- ↑ Pettersson, Anna F.; Karlgren, Klas; Al‐Saadi, Jonathan; Hjelmqvist, Hans; Meister, Björn; Zeberg, Hugo; Silén, Charlotte (May 30, 2023). "How students discern anatomical structures using digital three‐dimensional visualizations in anatomy education". Anatomical Sciences Education. 16 (3): 452–464. doi: 10.1002/ase.2255 . hdl: 11250/3065421 .
- ↑ Dodigovic, Lucija. "About invited speakers".
- ↑ "Rektor Ole Petter Ottersen föreläste i anatomi för läkarstudenter | Karolinska Institutet Nyheter". nyheter.ki.se. October 26, 2023.
- ↑ "Hver tredje europæiske kvinde har neandertal-gen: Kan gøre det lettere at få børn". DR. May 31, 2020.
- ↑ Zimmer, Carl (July 4, 2020). "DNA Inherited From Neanderthals May Increase Risk of Covid-19" – via NYTimes.com.
- ↑ "Hugo Zeberg on Neanderthal genes and COVID-19". www.sciencefocus.com.
- ↑ "Mapping Our Genetic Ties to Neanderthals Deserved a Nobel". October 4, 2022 – via www.bloomberg.com.
- ↑ "The ancient Neanderthal hand in severe COVID-19". ScienceDaily.
- ↑ "Neanderthal genes may influence COVID-19 severity". www.medicalnewstoday.com. February 19, 2021.
- ↑ "Genetic Mutation for Severe COVID-19 Protects Against HIV Infection". ContagionLive. March 1, 2022.
- ↑ "COVID-19 genetic risk variant protects against HIV". EurekAlert!.
- ↑ Zeberg, Hugo; Pääbo, Svante (November 30, 2020). "The major genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19 is inherited from Neanderthals". Nature. 587 (7835): 610–612. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2818-3 . hdl: 21.11116/0000-0007-0F26-F .
- ↑ Zeberg, Hugo (March 30, 2022). "The major genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19 is associated with protection against HIV". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (9). doi:10.1073/pnas.2116435119. PMC 8892305 . PMID 35193979.
- ↑ Niemi, Mari E. K.; et al. (December 30, 2021). "Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19". Nature. 600 (7889): 472–477. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03767-x . PMC 8674144 .
- ↑ Zeberg, Hugo; Pääbo, Svante (March 2, 2021). "A genomic region associated with protection against severe COVID-19 is inherited from Neandertals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118 (9). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2026309118 . PMC 7936282 . PMID 33593941.
- ↑ Zhou, Sirui; Butler-Laporte, Guillaume; Nakanishi, Tomoko; Morrison, David R.; Afilalo, Jonathan; Afilalo, Marc; Laurent, Laetitia; Pietzner, Maik; Kerrison, Nicola; Zhao, Kaiqiong; Brunet-Ratnasingham, Elsa; Henry, Danielle; Kimchi, Nofar; Afrasiabi, Zaman; Rezk, Nardin; Bouab, Meriem; Petitjean, Louis; Guzman, Charlotte; Xue, Xiaoqing; Tselios, Chris; Vulesevic, Branka; Adeleye, Olumide; Abdullah, Tala; Almamlouk, Noor; Chen, Yiheng; Chassé, Michaël; Durand, Madeleine; Paterson, Clare; Normark, Johan; Frithiof, Robert; Lipcsey, Miklós; Hultström, Michael; Greenwood, Celia M. T.; Zeberg, Hugo; Langenberg, Claudia; Thysell, Elin; Pollak, Michael; Mooser, Vincent; Forgetta, Vincenzo; Kaufmann, Daniel E.; Richards, J. Brent (April 30, 2021). "A Neanderthal OAS1 isoform protects individuals of European ancestry against COVID-19 susceptibility and severity". Nature Medicine. 27 (4): 659–667. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01281-1 .
- ↑ Haeggström, Sigrid; Ingelman-Sundberg, Magnus; Pääbo, Svante; Zeberg, Hugo (July 30, 2022). "The clinically relevant CYP2C8*3 and CYP2C9*2 haplotype is inherited from Neandertals". The Pharmacogenomics Journal. 22 (4): 247–249. doi: 10.1038/s41397-022-00284-6 .
- ↑ Zeberg, Hugo (September 4, 2015). "Conductance-based principles of neuronal firing and excitability". Inst för neurovetenskap / Dept of Neuroscience – via openarchive.ki.se.
- ↑ Gouwens, Nathan W.; Zeberg, Hugo; Tsumoto, Kunichika; Tateno, Takashi; Aihara, Kazuyuki; Robinson, Hugh P. C. (September 30, 2010). "Synchronization of Firing in Cortical Fast-Spiking Interneurons at Gamma Frequencies: A Phase-Resetting Analysis". PLOS Computational Biology. 6 (9): e1000951. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000951 . PMC 2947988 . PMID 20941393.
- ↑ "Daiwa Adrian Prizes" (PDF).