The Xingu River is a 1,640 km (1,020 mi) river in north Brazil. It is a southeast tributary of the Amazon River and one of the largest clearwater rivers in the Amazon basin, accounting for about 5% of its water.
Hypostomus is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae. They are native to tropical and subtropical South America. H. plecostomus is the popular freshwater aquarium fish formerly known as Plecostomus plecostomus. The taxonomic structure of the Loricariidae is still being expanded by scientists. Hypostomus is a highly species-rich and widely distributed catfish genus.
Hypostomus niceforoi is a species of suckermouth armored catfish. H. niceforoi reaches 13.5 cm SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
Hemiancistrus meizospilos is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is sometimes known as the southern orange-spotted pleco. The type locality of H. meizospilos is given as the Chapecó River in the vicinity of Coronel Freitas in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina.
'Pseudancistrus' megacephalus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is of uncertain and disputed classification.
Scobinancistrus aureatus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Xingu River basin in Brazil. The species reaches 29 cm in total length.
Hypostomus rhantos is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Ventuari River as well as the upper Orinoco, ranging from above Puerto Ayacucho to the Casiquiare in Venezuela. The species reaches 19.6 cm SL. Its specific epithet, rhantos, derives from a Greek word meaning "speckled" and refers to the species' pattern of small spots.
Hypostomus annectens is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Cayapas River basin in Ecuador and the Patía River basin in Colombia. The species reaches 28 cm in total length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. It is listed by ITIS as a member of Hemiancistrus as opposed to Hypostomus, which it is classified under according to FishBase.
Hypostomus garmani is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the São Francisco River basin. The species reaches 13 cm SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
Hypostomus spiniger, sometimes known as the spiny plated pleco, is a disputed species of catfish in the family Loricariidae with a complex history of classification.
Hypostomus macushi is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Essequibo River, the Ireng River, the Rupununi, and the Takutu River along the border of Brazil and Guyana. It is typically seen near dead, submerged wood in areas with moderate to fast-flowing water. The species reaches 17 cm SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. Its specific epithet, macushi, refers to the Macushi people of the Rupununi region who collected specimens of the species and are stated to have provided the authors of its description, Jonathan W. Armbruster and Lesley S. de Souza, with hospitality while in Guyana.
Hypostomus soniae is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Tapajós basin in the state of Pará in Brazil. The species reaches 16.4 cm (6.5 in) in standard length. Its specific epithet, soniae, honors Sonia Fisch-Muller, a curator at the Museum of Geneva specializing in loricariid systematics who collected the type material.
Hypostomus weberi is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the middle Rio Negro in Brazil. One record of the species' occurrence refers to a "río Cicipa", which is thought to possibly correspond with the Siapa River, a tributary of the Casiquiare in Venezuela. The species is typically found in rapids or flooded forest environments. It reaches 17.5 cm SL and is known to feed on detritus. Its specific epithet, weberi, honors Claude Weber of the Natural History Museum of Geneva, for his contributions to knowledge of the genus Hypostomus.
Hypostomus arecuta is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater fish native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraná River in Argentina.
Hypostomus basilisko is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Salobra River basin, which is part of the Paraguay River basin in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil.
Hypostomus chrysostiktos is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraguaçu River basin in Brazil. It is typically seen in blackwater portions of rivers with rocky substrates at elevations of 50 to 662 m above sea level. The species reaches 26 cm SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
Hypostomus dardanelos is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. Its type locality is stated to be the Praia Grande River, a tributary of the Aripuanã in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso.
Hypostomus delimai is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Araguaia River and the Tocantins River in Brazil. It is typically found in areas with turbid water, riparian vegetation, and a substrate composed of rocks and sand. It is known to be sympatric with other species of Hypostomus, including H. faveolus and H. pyrineusi, as well as species of Aphanotorulus. The species reaches 25.3 cm in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
Hypostomus faveolus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Tocantins River and the Xingu River in central Brazil. Adults of the species are typically found in both rapids and slow-flowing sections of medium to large rivers with varying substrates, although juveniles have been found in oxbow lakes and smaller streams. The species reaches 20.6 cm in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. Its specific epithet, faveolus, is derived from a Latin word meaning "honeycomb", referencing the honeycomb-like patterning exhibited by the species.
Hypostomus peckoltoides is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Cuiabá River in the upper Paraguay River basin in Brazil. It is typically found in environments with turbid water, a substrate composed of rocks and sand, and various types of riparian vegetation. It is known to be syntopic with other species of Hypostomus, including H. boulengeri, H. cochliodon, H. latifrons, H. latirostris, and H. regani.
