El Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific, including the area off the Pacific coast of South America. The ENSO is the cycle of warm and cold sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical central and eastern Pacific Ocean.
The Australian blenny is a small marine blennioid fish of the genus Ecsenius. They are small and reddish brown with a white ventral side. Australian blennies inhabit the shallow marine waters of the tropics. They are often found along the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea of Australia.
Hypsoblennius is a genus of combtooth blennies found in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
Hypsoblennius brevipinnis, commonly known as the barnaclebill blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found on coral reefs in the eastern-central Pacific Ocean. This species grows to a length of 12 centimetres (4.7 in) TL.
Hypsoblennius caulopus, the tidepool blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found among rocky reefs of the eastern Pacific ocean. This species grows to a length of 9 centimetres (3.5 in) TL.
Hypsoblennius gentilis, commonly known as the bay blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found in the eastern-central Pacific Ocean. This species grows to a length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in) TL.
Hypsoblennius gilberti, commonly known as the rockpool blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. This species grows to a length of 17 centimetres (6.7 in) TL. The specific name honours the American ichthyologist Charles H. Gilbert (1859-1928).
Hypsoblennius invemar, commonly known as the tessellated blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found in the western Atlantic Ocean.
Hypsoblennius ionthas, commonly known as the freckled blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found in the western Atlantic Ocean.
Hypsoblennius jenkinsi, commonly known as the mussel blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found in the eastern-central Pacific Ocean. This species grows to a length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in) TL. The specific name honours Oliver Peebles Jenkins (1850-1935), who was professor of physiology at Stanford University.
Hypsoblennius maculipinna is a species of combtooth blenny, which is found in the shallow coastal waters of the eastern Pacific from Costa Rica to Ecuador and which usually measures about 6.2 centimetres (2.4 in).
Hypsoblennius paytensis is a species of combtooth blenny found in the eastern Pacific Ocean, from Costa Rica to Peru.
Hypsoblennius robustus is a species of combtooth blenny found in the south-eastern Pacific Ocean, from the Gulf of Guayaquil in southern Ecuador and Peru. This species grows to a length of 3.9 centimetres (1.5 in) SL.
Hypsoblennius sordidus is a species of combtooth blenny found in the south-eastern Pacific Ocean, from Lima, Peru south to Chile. This species grows to a length of 11.6 centimetres (4.6 in) TL.
Hypsoblennius striatus, commonly known as the striated blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found in coral reefs in the eastern-central Pacific Ocean, around Costa Rica and Panama. This species grows to a length of 8 centimetres (3.1 in) TL.
Labrisomus socorroensis, the Misspelled blenny, is a species of labrisomid blenny endemic to the Revillagigedo Islands where they inhabit rocky areas at depths of from extremely shallow waters to 10 metres (33 ft).
Stegastes redemptus, commonly known as the clarion major, clarion damselfish or clarion gregory, is a damselfish of the family Pomacentridae. It is native to the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending from the Revillagigedo Islands to the coast of Baja California. It is found on rocky reefs at depths ranging from 1 to 15 m.
The 1997–1998 El Niño was regarded as one of the most powerful El Niño–Southern Oscillation events in recorded history, resulting in widespread droughts, flooding and other natural disasters across the globe. It caused an estimated 16% of the world's reef systems to die, and temporarily warmed air temperature by 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) compared to the usual increase of 0.25 °C (0.45 °F) associated with El Niño events.
The 1982–1983 El Niño event was one of the strongest El Niño events since records were kept.
The loggerhead sea turtle, is protected under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973. It was originally listed as a threatened species on July 28, 1978. The turtle's status was updated to Vulnerable (VU) on August 23, 2018. The loggerhead turtle is the most prolific species of sea turtle in U.S. coastal waters.
