Interferon-stimulated gene 20 kDa protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ISG20 gene. [5] [6] [7]
Interferon-stimulated gene 20 kDa protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ISG20 gene. [5] [6] [7]
Ribonuclease L or RNase L, known sometimes as ribonuclease 4 or 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-dependent ribonuclease — is an interferon (IFN)-induced ribonuclease which, upon activation, destroys all RNA within the cell. RNase L is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNASEL gene.
Interferon regulatory factor 3, also known as IRF3, is an interferon regulatory factor.
Nuclear bodies are membraneless structures found in the cell nuclei of eukaryotic cells. Nuclear bodies include Cajal bodies, the nucleolus, and promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear bodies. Nuclear bodies also include ND10s. ND stands for nuclear domain, and 10 refers to the number of dots seen.
Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ILF3 gene.
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a 17 kDA secreted protein that in humans is encoded by the ISG15 gene. ISG15 is induced by type I interferon (IFN) and serves many functions, acting both as an extracellular cytokine and an intracellular protein modifier. The precise functions are diverse and vary among species but include potentiation of Interferon gamma (IFN-II) production in lymphocytes, ubiquitin-like conjugation to newly-synthesized proteins and negative regulation of the IFN-I response.
Interferon regulatory factor 7, also known as IRF7, is a member of the interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors.
RIG-I is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) responsible for the type-1 interferon (IFN1) response. RIG-I is an essential molecule in the innate immune system for recognizing cells that have been infected with a virus. These viruses can include West Nile virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus, influenza A, Sendai virus, flavivirus, and coronaviruses. RIG-I is structurally considered a helical ATP-dependent DExD/H box RNA helicase, that recognizes short viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the cytosol during a viral infection or other irregular RNAs. Once activated by the dsRNA, the N-terminus caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs) migrate and bind with CARDs attached to mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) to activate the signaling pathway for IFN1. IFN1s have three main functions: to limit the virus from spreading to nearby cells, promote an innate immune response, including inflammatory responses, and help activate the adaptive immune system. Other studies have shown that in different microenvironments, such as in cancerous cells, RIG-I has more functions other than viral recognition. RIG-I orthologs are found in mammals, geese, ducks, some fish, and some reptiles. RIG-I is in most cells, including various innate immune system cells, and is usually in an inactive state. Knockout mice that have been designed to have a deleted or non-functioning RIG-I gene are not healthy and typically die embryonically. If they survive, the mice have serious developmental dysfunction. The stimulator of interferon genes STING antagonizes RIG-1 by binding its N-terminus, probably as to avoid overactivation of RIG-1 signaling and the associated autoimmunity.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 (eIF2α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF2S1 gene.
Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MX1 gene.
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon also known as I-kappa-B kinase epsilon or IKK-epsilon is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the IKBKE gene.
Interferon alpha-inducible protein 27 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFI27 gene.
DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJC3 gene.
Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 or IFIT2 is a protein found in humans which is encoded by the IFIT2 gene.
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 18 (USP18), also known as UBP43, is a type I interferon receptor repressor and an isopeptidase. In humans, it is encoded by the USP18 gene. USP18 is induced by the immune response to type I and III interferons, and serves as a negative regulator of type I interferon, but not type III interferon. Loss of USP18 results in increased responsiveness to type I interferons and life-threatening autoinflammatory disease in humans due to the negative regulatory function of USP18 in interferon signal transduction. Independent of this activity, USP18 is also a member of the deubiquitinating protease family of enzymes. It is known to remove ISG15 conjugates from a broad range of protein substrates, a process known as deISGylation.
Interferon-induced 35 kDa protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFI35 gene.
52 kDa repressor of the inhibitor of the protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKRIR gene.
Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBA7 gene.
Tripartite motif-containing 22, also known as TRIM22, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TRIM22 gene.
Interferon-induced guanylate-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GBP2 gene. GBP2 is a gene related to the superfamily of large GTPases which can be induced mainly by interferon gamma.
Interferon-alpha/beta receptor alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNAR1 gene.
PDB gallery | |
|---|---|
|
 | This article on a gene on human chromosome 15 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
