Pope Pius VI was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in August 1799.
Pope Pius VII was head of the Catholic Church from 14 March 1800 to his death in August 1823. He ruled the Papal States from June 1800 to 17 May 1809 and again from 1814 to his death. Chiaramonti was also a monk of the Order of Saint Benedict in addition to being a well-known theologian and bishop.
Alberto Sordi was an Italian actor, comedian, voice dubber, director, singer, composer and screenwriter.
Mario Alberto Ettore Monicelli was an Italian film director and screenwriter, one of the masters of the commedia all'italiana. He was nominated six times for an Oscar, and received the Golden Lion for his career.
Ercole Consalvi was a deacon and cardinal of the Catholic Church, who served twice as Cardinal Secretary of State for the Papal States and who played a crucial role in the post-Napoleonic reassertion of the legitimist principle of the divine right of kings, of which he was a constant supporter.
Rafael Merry del Val y Zulueta, was a Spanish Catholic bishop, Vatican official, and cardinal.
The post of Governor of the Vatican City State was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.
Michele Bonelli, Cardinal Alessandrino was an Italian senior papal diplomat with a distinguished career that spanned two decades from 1571.
Bartolomeo Pacca was an Italian cardinal, scholar, and statesman as Cardinal Secretary of State. Pacca served as apostolic nuncio to Cologne, and later to Lisbon.
Camillo Serafini was an Italian Marquis and the only Governor of Vatican City from 11 February 1929 to 21 March 1952. He was also notable as a numismatist.
The Gendarmerie Corps of Vatican City State is the gendarmerie, or military police and security force, of Vatican City, Holy See and its extraterritorial properties. It was founded in 1816 as Corps of Gendarmes by Pope Pius VII, renamed the Central Security Office in 1970, the Security Corps in 1991, and was restored to its original name in 2002.
Nicola Canali was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as president of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State from 1939 and as Major Penitentiary from 1941 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1935. He was Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, a prestigious papal order of knighthood, from 1949 until 1960.
The Pontifical Swiss Guard, also known as the Papal Swiss Guard or simply Swiss Guard, is an armed force and honour guard unit maintained by the Holy See that protects the Pope and the Apostolic Palace within the territory of the Vatican City State. Established in 1506 under Pope Julius II, it is among the oldest military units in continuous operation, and is sometimes called "the world's smallest army".
The relationship between Napoleon and the Catholic Church was an important aspect of his rule.
"The Sovrans of the Old World" is an 1831 sonnet written in the dialect of Rome, by poet Giuseppe Gioachino Belli. It is part of the collection Sonetti romaneschi, sometimes listed as number 361 or 362. The sonnet is primarily a dire realistic evocation of the nature of absolute power exercised by rulers in Italy in his day. However, in analyzing the raw, crude politics of his own time Belli touched upon a much broader section of Italy’s history, and upon the losses the nation suffered from foreign invasions and local abuses of power.
Gianlorenzo Baraldi is an Italian costume designer and film producer. He won a Nastro d'Argento for Best Scenography and a David di Donatello for Best Sets and Decorations for the film Il Marchese del Grillo by Mario Monicelli in 1982.
The papal nobility are the aristocracy of the Holy See, composed of persons holding titles bestowed by the Pope. From the Middle Ages into the nineteenth century, the papacy held direct temporal power in the Papal States, and many titles of papal nobility were derived from fiefs with territorial privileges attached. During this time, the Pope also bestowed ancient civic titles such as patrician. Today, the Pope still exercises authority to grant titles with territorial designations, although these are purely nominal and the privileges enjoyed by the holders pertain to styles of address and heraldry. Additionally, the Pope grants personal and familial titles that carry no territorial designation. Their titles being merely honorific, the modern papal nobility includes descendants of ancient Roman families as well as notable Catholics from many countries. All pontifical noble titles are within the personal gift of the pontiff, and are not recorded in the Official Acts of the Holy See.
The Diocese of Montalto was a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church located in the town of Montalto delle Marche in the Province of Ascoli Piceno in the Italian region Le Marche. The diocese was erected in 1586 by Pope Sixtus V, a native of the town. The diocese was suppressed in 1986, and its territory was assigned to a new entity, called the Diocese of San Benedetto del Tronto–Ripatransone–Montalto.
The Villa Marchese del Grillo, also known as the "100 Windows Villa," is a four-story palace located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Fabriano in the Province of Ancona, Marche, Italy. Built in 1771 by the Marchese Onofrio del Grillo, the villa is considered to be an iconic landmark in Italy because of its history.
Camillo Siciliano di Rende, sometimes Siciliano di Rende was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who was Archbishop of Benevento from 1879 until his death in 1897. He was also Bishop of Tricarico from 1877 to 1879 and Apostolic Nuncio to France from 1882 to 1887. He was made a cardinal in 1887.
