Gabriel Bethlen was Prince of Transylvania from 1613 to 1629 and Duke of Opole from 1622 to 1625. He was also King-elect of Hungary from 1620 to 1621, but he never took control of the whole kingdom. Bethlen, supported by the Ottomans, led his Calvinist principality against the Habsburgs and their Catholic allies.
Făgăraș is a city in central Romania, located in Brașov County. It lies on the Olt River and has a population of 26,284 as of 2021. It is situated in the historical region of Transylvania, and is the main city of a subregion, Țara Făgărașului.
Gabriel Báthory was Prince of Transylvania from 1608 to 1613. The Ottomans nicknamed him "Deli Kiral". Born to the Roman Catholic branch of the Báthory family, he was closely related to four rulers of the Principality of Transylvania. His father, Stephen Báthory, held estates in the principality, but never ruled it. Being a minor when his father died in 1601, Gabriel became the ward of the childless Stephen Báthory, from the Protestant branch of the family, who converted him to Calvinism. After inheriting most of his guardian's estates in 1605, Gabriel became one of the wealthiest landowners in Transylvania and Royal Hungary.
The Peace of Nikolsburg or Peace of Mikulov, signed on 31 December 1621 in Nikolsburg, Moravia, was the treaty which ended the war between Prince Gabriel Bethlen of Transylvania and Emperor Ferdinand II of the Holy Roman Empire. The chief negotiators of the treaty were Maximilian von und zu Trauttmansdorff and Nikolaus Esterházy de Galántha.
Partium or Részek was a historical and geographical region in the Kingdom of Hungary during the early modern and modern periods. It consisted of the eastern and northeastern parts of Hungary proper. At times, it included Miskolc and Kassa.
Lăzarea is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania, and is composed of two villages, Ghiduț (Güdüc) and Lăzarea.
The early modern times in Romania started after the death of Michael the Brave, who ruled in a personal union, Wallachia, Transylvania, and Moldavia – three principalities in the lands that now form Romania – for three months, in 1600. The three principalities were subjected to the Ottoman Empire, and paid a yearly tribute to the Ottoman Sultans, but they preserved their internal autonomy. In contrast, Dobruja and the Banat were fully incorporated into the Ottoman Empire.
Stephen Bethlen de Iktár was the Prince of Transylvania in late 1630.
George I Rákóczi was Prince of Transylvania from 1630 until his death in 1648. Prior to that, he was a leader of the Protestant faction in Hungary and a faithful supporter of Gabriel Bethlen, his predecessor as Prince. When Bohemian nobles requested military support in their struggles against the Habsburg monarchy, Rákóczi persuaded Bethlen to help and commanded Transylvanian forces in several battles. Rákóczi was elected prince after Bethlen's death, succeeding Bethlen's wife Catherine of Brandenburg and brother Istvan.
Magna Curia or The Bethlen Castle is a palace located in Deva, Romania.
Șumuleu Ciuc is a neighbourhood in the city of Miercurea Ciuc, Harghita County, Romania. Until 1959, it was a separate commune. It is the site of an annual Roman Catholic pilgrimage, when Catholics from all over Hungary, Slovakia and Romania gather there.
Șona is a commune located in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Alecuș (Elekes), Biia (Magyarbénye), Doptău (Dobtanya), Lunca Târnavei, Sânmiclăuș (Betlenszentmiklós), Șona, and Valea Sasului (Szászvölgy).
Ghimeș-Făget is a commune in Bacău County, Romania. It is the only commune in the county that lies in the historical region of Transylvania.
Bahnea is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Bahnea, Bernadea (Bernád), Cund, Daia (Dányán), Gogan (Gógán), Idiciu (Jövedics), and Lepindea (Leppend).
The House of Bethlen is the name of two Hungarian ancient noble families, Bethlen de Iktár and Bethlen de Bethlen. Although both families have similar coat of arms, they have no proven mutual ancestry. Both can trace their noble lineage up to 12th and the 13th centuries, and their family members played a significant role in the history of Transylvania and Hungary within the Habsburg Empire.
Catherine of Brandenburg was an elected Princess of Transylvania between 1629 and 1630. She was the daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, and Anna of Prussia.
Gabor or Gábor is a Hungarian surname.
The third Peace of Pressburg was a peace treaty concluded in Pressburg. It was signed on 30 December 1626 between Gabriel Bethlen of Transylvania, the leader of an uprising against the Habsburg monarchy from 1619 to 1626, and Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II. The agreement put an end to the revolt by confirming the Peace of Nikolsburg. In return, Bethlen agreed not to fight against the emperor anymore, nor would he ally with the Ottoman Turks.
Stephen Pongracz was a Hungarian Jesuit priest, martyr and saint of the Catholic Church.
Moses Székely de Siménfalva was a Székely nobleman, the posthumous son of Moses Székely, Sr. who briefly served as Prince of Transylvania in 1603.
