![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tohono Oʼodham</span> Native American people of the Sonoran Desert](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jose_Lewis%2C_Papago_%28cropped%29.jpg/320px-Jose_Lewis%2C_Papago_%28cropped%29.jpg)
The Tohono Oʼodham are a Native American people of the Sonoran Desert, residing primarily in the U.S. state of Arizona and the northern Mexican state of Sonora. The United States federally recognized tribe is the Tohono Oʼodham Nation.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hohokam</span> Prehistoric culture in the North American Southwest](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Casagrande2.jpg/320px-Casagrande2.jpg)
Hohokam was a culture in the North American Southwest in what is now part of south-central Arizona, United States, and Sonora, Mexico. It existed between 300 and 1500 CE, with cultural precursors possibly as early as 300 BCE. Archaeologists disagree about whether communities that practiced the culture were related or politically united. According to local oral tradition, Hohokam societies may be the ancestors of the historic Akimel and Tohono Oʼodham in Southern Arizona.
Indigenous peoples of Arizona are the Native American people who currently live or have historically lived in what is now the state of Arizona. There are 22 federally recognized tribes in Arizona, including 17 with reservations that lie entirely within its borders. Reservations make up over a quarter of the state's land area. Arizona has the third largest Native American population of any U.S. state.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument</span> United States historic place](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings%2C_New_Mexico%2C_USA_2012.jpg/320px-Gila_Cliff_Dwellings%2C_New_Mexico%2C_USA_2012.jpg)
Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument is a U.S. National Monument created to protect Mogollon cliff dwellings in the Gila Wilderness on the headwaters of the Gila River in southwest New Mexico. The 533-acre (2.16 km2) national monument was established by President Theodore Roosevelt through executive proclamation on November 16, 1907. It is located in the extreme southern portion of Catron County. Visitors can access the monument by traveling northbound from Silver City, New Mexico, 45 miles (72 km) on NM 15.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Pleasant Regional Park</span> Regional county park in Arizona, US](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Lake_Pleasant_Arizona.jpg/320px-Lake_Pleasant_Arizona.jpg)
Lake Pleasant Regional Park is a large outdoors recreation area straddling the Maricopa and Yavapai county border northwest of Phoenix, Arizona. The park is located within the municipal boundaries of Peoria, Arizona, and serves as a major recreation hub for the northwest Phoenix metropolitan area. It is operated by the Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Department.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Painted Rock Dam</span> Dam in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/PaintedRock.jpg/320px-PaintedRock.jpg)
The Painted Rock Dam is an earthfill embankment dam located west of Gila Bend, Arizona. It is primarily used for flood control purposes.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hohokam Pima National Monument</span> Ancient Hohokam village in Arizona, United States](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/Excavated_Ballcourt_at_Snaketown.jpg/320px-Excavated_Ballcourt_at_Snaketown.jpg)
The Hohokam Pima National Monument is an ancient Hohokam village within the Gila River Indian Community, near present-day Sacaton, Arizona. The monument features the archaeological site Snaketown 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Phoenix, Arizona, designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964. The area was further protected by declaring it a national monument in 1972, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sinagua</span> Pre-Columbian culture in Arizona, US](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sinaguan_vbarv.JPG/320px-Sinaguan_vbarv.JPG)
The Sinagua were a pre-Columbian culture that occupied a large area in central Arizona from the Little Colorado River, near Flagstaff, to the Verde River, near Sedona, including the Verde Valley, area around San Francisco Mountain, and significant portions of the Mogollon Rim country, between approximately 500 and 1425 CE.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agua Fria River</span> Stream in Arizona, United States](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gillett-Agua_Fria_River.jpg/320px-Gillett-Agua_Fria_River.jpg)
The Agua Fria River is a 120-mile (190 km) long intermittent stream which flows generally south from 20 miles (32 km) east-northeast of Prescott in the U.S. state of Arizona. Prescott draws much of its municipal water supply from the upper Agua Fria watershed. The Agua Fria runs through the Agua Fria National Monument. The river then flows through a small canyon called "Black Canyon" into Lake Pleasant, a popular recreation area near Peoria, Arizona. (There is a large "Black Canyon" on the Colorado River along the Arizona–Nevada border.)
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham</span> Indigenous tribe in the United States and Mexico](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Arenenos.jpg/320px-Arenenos.jpg)
The Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham, also known as Areneños or Sand Papagos, are a Native American peoples whose traditional homeland lies between the Ajo Range, the Gila River, the Colorado River, and the Gulf of California. They are currently unrecognized at both the state and federal level in the United States and Mexico, although the Tohono Oʼodham Nation has a committee for issues related to them and has land held in trust for them. They are represented by a community organization known as the Hia-Ced Oʼodham Alliance. The Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham are no longer nomadic, and the majority today live in or near Ajo, Arizona, or the small settlements of Blaisdell and Dome near Yuma.
The Sobaipuri were one of many indigenous groups occupying Sonora and what is now Arizona at the time Europeans first entered the American Southwest. They were a Piman or O'odham group who occupied southern Arizona and northern Sonora in the 15th–19th centuries. They were a subgroup of the O'odham or Pima, surviving members of which include the residents of San Xavier del Bac which is now part of the Tohono O'odham Nation and the Akimel O'odham.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pueblo Grande Ruin and Irrigation Sites</span> Archaeological park in Arizona](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Arizona_Pueblo_Grande_279.JPG/320px-Arizona_Pueblo_Grande_279.JPG)
Pueblo Grande Ruin and Irrigation Sites are pre-Columbian archaeological sites and ruins, located in Phoenix, Arizona. They include a prehistoric platform mound and irrigation canals. The City of Phoenix manages these resources as the S’edav Va’aki Museum.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mesa Grande</span> Archaeological site in Arizona, United States](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mesa-Mesa_Grande_Ruins-7.JPG/320px-Mesa-Mesa_Grande_Ruins-7.JPG)
Mesa Grande Cultural Park, in Mesa, Arizona, preserves a group of Hohokam structures constructed during the Classic Period. The ruins were occupied between AD 1100 and 1400 and were a product of the Hohokam civilization that inhabited the Salt River Valley. There the Hohokam constructed an extensive system of water canals. It is one of only two Hohokam mounds remaining in the metro Phoenix area, with the other being the Pueblo Grande Museum Archaeological Park. The site's central feature is a massive ruin of adobe walls and platforms.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tohono Oʼodham Indian Reservation</span> Indian reservation in Arizona](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/TohonoOOdhamNationflag.png/320px-TohonoOOdhamNationflag.png)
The Tohono Oʼodham Indian Reservation, is an Indian reservation of the Tohono Oʼodham Nation located in Arizona, United States. The reservation had a total 2000 census population of 10,787. The reservation has a land area of 4,340.984 square miles (11,243.098 km2), 97.48 percent of the Tohono Oʼodham Nation total area. The reservation encompasses portions of central Pima, southwestern Pinal, and southeastern Maricopa Counties.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ancestral Puebloan dwellings</span> Ancestral Puebloan homes](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Oasisam%C3%A9rica-Mogoll%C3%B3n.png/320px-Oasisam%C3%A9rica-Mogoll%C3%B3n.png)
Hundreds of Ancestral Puebloan dwellings are found across the American Southwest. With almost all constructed well before 1492 CE, these Puebloan towns and villages are located throughout the geography of the Southwest.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basketmaker III Era</span> Ancient culture of the southwest United States](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/USA_09669_Taos_Pueblo_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg/320px-USA_09669_Taos_Pueblo_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg)
The Basketmaker III Era also called the "Modified Basketmaker" period, was the third period in which Ancient Pueblo People were cultivating food, began making pottery and living in more sophisticated clusters of pit-house dwellings. Hunting was easier with the adoption of the bow and arrow.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sears-Kay Ruin</span> United States historic place](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Carefree-Sears-Kay_Ruin-Marker-1.jpg/320px-Carefree-Sears-Kay_Ruin-Marker-1.jpg)
The Sears-Kay Ruin are the remains of what once was a fortification of the Hohokam culture. The ruins are located in the area of the Tonto National Forest just outside of the town of Carefree, Arizona. On November 24, 1995, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
La Ciudad is a Hohokam people archaeological site in Phoenix, Arizona, excavated by Frank Midvale 1929–1936. It is covered today by St. Luke's Medical Center. Much of the archaeological material in the Heards' collection at the Heard Museum came from the La Ciudad Indian ruin, which the Heards purchased in 1926 at 19th and Polk streets.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indigenous peoples of the North American Southwest</span> Regional culture of native peoples in southwestern North America](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/A_Pueblo_Indian_and_San_Ildefonso_Black_Pottery_2.jpg/320px-A_Pueblo_Indian_and_San_Ildefonso_Black_Pottery_2.jpg)
The Indigenous peoples of the North American Southwest are those in the current states of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada in the western United States, and the states of Sonora and Chihuahua in northern Mexico. An often quoted statement from Erik Reed (1666) defined the Greater Southwest culture area as extending north to south from Durango, Mexico to Durango, Colorado and east to west from Las Vegas, Nevada to Las Vegas, New Mexico. Other names sometimes used to define the region include "American Southwest", "Northern Mexico", "Chichimeca", and "Oasisamerica/Aridoamerica". This region has long been occupied by hunter-gatherers and agricultural people.