Ingush in Turkey

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Ingush in Turkey
Туркий мехкара гӀалгӀай
Türkiyeli İnguşlar
Total population
Estimated 85 000 [1] [2]

Ingush in Turkey [lower-alpha 1] refers to the diaspora that consists of people born in or residing in Turkey that are of Ingush origin. The diaspora is estimated to be 85 000.

Contents

History

Background

The reason for the resettlement of Ingush to the Ottoman Turkey was mainly due to shortage of land. The land plots of the lowlanders of Ingush okrug were much larger than those of the mountaineers, but they were also insufficient for the subsistence level as noted by Commission on personal and land rights of the natives of the Terek region in 1865. Regarding the size of the allotment per household of Nazranians, the Commission stated that "is in no way considered satisfactory by the commission." [3]

After the Caucasian War in 1865, some of the Ingush resettled (completed so called muhacirdom) to the Ottoman Empire. [4] In total, 1454 Ingush families were evicted from Ingushetia, out of which 1366 were from the Orstkhoy society and 88 families from the Nazranian society. [5] [6] As a result of this resettlement, the Karabulak uchastok of the Ingush okrug was liquidated as its previous inhabitants left and the uchastok became deserted. [7]

Later, Ingush also settled to Turkey in the following years: in 1877–1878, 1886–1887, 1892, 1895, 1900, 1902, 1904 and 1912. [8]

Modern

In Turkey, the Ingush are mostly settled in the cities of Ankara, Areliya, Bursa, İzmir, Kayseri, Konya, Kiziltepe, Mardin, Mersin, Muş, Sivas, Istanbul, Golcuk and Yalova. [8]

In Turkey, Ingush were recorded under the ethnonym Circassians . [9] [10]

Notable people

Notes

  1. Ingush: Туркий мехкара гӀалгӀай, romanized: Turkiy mekhkara ghalghai, Turkish: Türkiyeli İnguşlar.

Related Research Articles

Ingush, historically known as Durdzuks, Gligvi and Kists, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Republic of Ingushetia in central Caucasus, but also inhabitanting Prigorodny District and town of Vladikavkaz of modern day North-Ossetia. The Ingush are predominantly Sunni Muslims and speak the Ingush language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orstkhoy</span> Historical ethnoterritorial society among the Ingush and Chechen people

The Orstkhoy, historically commonly known under their exonyms: Karabulaks, Balsu, Baloy, are a historical ethnoterritorial society among the Chechen and Ingush peoples. Their homeland is in the upper reaches of the Assa and Fortanga rivers in the historical region of Orstkhoy-Mokhk. In the tradition of the Chechen ethno-hierarchy, it is considered one of the nine historical Chechen tukkhums, in the Ingush tradition as one of the seven historical Ingush shahars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chakh Akhriev</span> Ingush academic

Chakh Elmurzievich Akhriev was the first Ingush ethnographer and a lawyer by education, who recorded Ingush folklore, mythology, and culture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Feappii</span> Ingush subgroup

The Feappii were an Ingush subgroup (society) that mostly inhabited the mountainous Fappi region of Ingushetia in the Caucasus. Historically, they bordered on the west with Dzherakh, on the east with Khamkhins, on the north with Nazranians, and in the south with Gudomakarians. The center of the society was the fortified village (aul) of Erzi or Metskhal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurkhars</span> Traditional Ingushetian headdress

Kurkhars is the traditional female headdress of the Ingush. Its male counterpart is the Bashlyk. It was traditionally weekend clothing of the Ingush, worn during the holidays and for "going out". They are usually made of red felt or dense cloth and were originally made out of tanned and dyed bull scrotum. They are high caps in the form of a ridge with a forward curve and forked end.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulumbek of Sagopshi</span> Ingush abrek

Sulumbek Gorovozhev (Gandaloev) or Sulumbek of Sagopshi was an Ingush outlaw (abrek) who is known for his bank and shop robberies with his colleague and comrade Zelimkhan. The robberies were part of a conflict with the Russian authorities. He was involved in high-profile incidents associated with Zelimkhan. Sulumbek is a national hero to the Ingush people, as well as one of the most famous Caucasian abreks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nazran uprising</span> Uprising of Ingush in 1858

The Nazran uprising of the Ingush people against Russian authorities took place in 1858.

Sultan-Murza or Saltan-Murza was an Ingush feudal lord who controlled the Darial Gorge and the village located in it, Lars. In 1589, he swore allegiance to the Russian Tsar Feodor I as part of the Georgian embassy, therefore becoming subordinated to the Tsardom of Russia.

Ingush societies or shahars were ethnoterritorial associations of the Ingush based on the geographical association of several villages and intended for conditional administrative-territorial delimitation of the Ingush ethnic group. The formation and functioning of most of them dates back to the late Middle Ages. During this period, their boundaries, number and names changed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zaur (village)</span> Historical place (village)

Zaur or Zaurovo was an Ingush village that existed in the 18th–19th centuries on the right bank of the Terek River and in the Tarskoye Valley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nazranians</span> Ingush society

The Nazranians were a historical Ingush ethnoterritorial subethnic group (society) which inhabited modern day Nazranovsky District and Prigorodny District.

Ingush <i>okrug</i> District of Terek Oblast

Ingush okrug was a district (okrug) of the Terek Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Ingushskiy okrug made up part of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Falkhan</span> Rural locality in Ingushetia

Falkhan is a rural locality in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia, Russia. It is part of the Lyazhgi rural settlement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nureddin Akhriev</span> Ingush scientist

Nurēddin Gabertovich Akhriev was a Soviet orientalist who specialized in Arabic studies, and a docent of Moscow State University, where he used to teach for 40 years, being also the first Ingush to do so. One of the founders of Ingush Arabic studies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maksharip Muzhukhoev</span> Ingush scientist

Maksharip Bagaudinovich Muzhukhoev was a Soviet and Russian historian, archaeologist.

Serdalo is a weekly newspaper based in Nazran, Ingushetia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ingush towers</span> Ingush architecture

Ingush towers are medieval Ingush stone structures used as residences, signal posts, and fortifications. Most are found in the Sunzhensky and Dzheyrakhsky Districts of Ingushetia, North Caucasia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tsey-Loam</span> Mountain in Ingushetia

Tsey-Loam is a mountain range in the Dzheyrakhsky District of the Republic of Ingushetia. The main peak is Gaikomd.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tower of Concord</span> Tower in Magas, Ingushetia

The Tower of Concord or Magas Tower a high-rise building erected in 2013 in the center of the capital of the Republic of Ingushetia — Magas, in the form of a classic medieval Ingush tower four times enlarged. The height of the tower reaches 100 m (330 ft), making it the tallest building in Ingushetia and the tallest observation tower in the North Caucasus.

Nijsxo is an unregistered political party active in the Russian republic of Ingushetia since 1988.

References

Bibliography

Russian sources

  • Albogachieva, M. S.-G. (2015). "Демаркация границ Ингушетии" [Demarcation of the borders of Ingushetia](PDF). In Karpov, Yu. Yu. (ed.). Горы и границы: Этнография посттрадиционных обществ [Mountains and Borders: An Ethnography of Post-Traditional Societies](PDF) (in Russian). SPb.: MAĒ RAN. pp. 168–255. ISBN   978-5-88431-290-6.
  • Bazorkin, M. M. (2002) [1965]. Kurkiev, A. B. (ed.). История происхождения ингушей [History of the origin of the Ingush](PDF) (in Russian). Nalchik: Ēl-Fa. pp. 1–290. ISBN   5-88195-554-4.
  • Bruk, S. I. (1994). Tishkov, V. A.; et al. (eds.). Народы России: Энциклопедия [Peoples of Russia: Encyclopedia](PDF) (in Russian). Moskva: Bolshaya rossiyskaya entsoklopediya. pp. 54–65.
  • Dolgieva, M. B.; Kartoev, M. M.; Kodzoev, N. D.; Matiev, T. Kh. (2013). Kodzoev, N. D.; et al. (eds.). История Ингушетии [History of Ingushetia] (4th ed.). Rostov-Na-Donu: Yuzhnyy izdatelsky dom. pp. 1–600. ISBN   978-5-98864-056-1.
  • "Турция" [Turkey]. Krugosvet (in Russian).
  • Krupnov, E. I. (1939). "К истории Ингушии" [To the history of Ingushiya]. Vestnik drevney istorii (in Russian). 2 (7). Moskva: Izd-vo Akademii Nauk SSSR: 77–90.
  • Polevoy, N. (2020-08-13). "Ингушская диаспора в Турции: Развитие экономических и социокультурных связей с Республикой Ингушетия" [Ingush diaspora in Turkey: Development of economic and sociocultural ties with the Republic of Ingushetia]. Ingushetia (in Russian). Magas: GAU redaktsiya gazety "Ingushetia". Archived from the original on 2022-02-13. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  • Stepanova, A. (2018-10-03). ""Люди башен": Как живут ингуши" ["People of the Towers": How the Ingush live]. Russia Beyond (in Russian). Moskva. Archived from the original on 2022-02-13. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  • Yalkharoeva, M. A. (2020). "Ингушская диаспора в Турции и в странах Ближнего востока: Приглашение к диалогу" [Ingush diaspora in Turkey and the Middle East: An invitation to dialogue]. In Kodzoev, N. D. (ed.). Актуальные вопросы истории ингушей: Сборник статей [Current issues in the history of the Ingush: Collection of articles] (in Russian). Nazran: Kep. pp. 22–30. ISBN   978-5-4482-0075-5.