Instruments used in radiology

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Instruments used specially in radiology are as follows: [1] [2] [3]

InstrumentUses
Ultrasonography machineuses ultrasound to produce images from within the body; video link
X-ray uses X-rays to produce images of structures within the body; video link
Contrast media for X-rays to provide a high contrast image of the details of the viscera under study; e.g. salts of heavy metals, gas like air, radio-opaque dyes, organic iodides, etc.
Echocardiography machine sonography of the heart is done here to know its function and state
Computer axial tomography scan (CT Scan)/(CAT Scan)to visualize the interior of the body in slices (traditionally showing horizontal slices); video link
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alias Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)high strength (0.15 to 1.5 teslas) [4] are used to excite protons that produce the record results (like CT scan). It can show particular tissues more clearly than CT.; [4] video link
Linear accelerator used in radiotherapy for cancer
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)video link
Positron emission tomography (PET Scan)video link
Radio-isotope scan or nuclear scintigraphy These radioactive compounds are administered so that specific tissues take them up. The amount and anatomical detail of the uptake produces the scan result.
SPECT scanvideo link
Interventional radiology minimally invasive surgeries under radiological imaging, e.g. angioplasty, TIPS.
Brachytherapy apparatusvideo link
Lead shielding visual and physical protection from x-ray

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The history of X-ray computed tomography (CT) dates back to at least 1917 with the mathematical theory of the Radon transform. In the early 1900s an Italian radiologist named Alessandro Vallebona invented tomography which used radiographic film to see a single slice of the body. It was not widely used until the 1930s, when Dr Bernard George Ziedses des Plantes developed a practical method for implementing the technique, known as focal plane tomography. It relies on mechanical movement of the X-ray beam source and capture film in unison to ensure that the plane of interest remains in focus with objects falling outside of the plane being examined blurring out.

References

  1. Arun Baran Singha Mahapatra. Essentials of medical physiology. ISBN   81-86793-56-9.
  2. P. Chakraborty; G. Chakraborty (2005). Practical Pathology. New Central Book Agency (P) Limited. ISBN   81-7381-332-9.
  3. Klatt, Edward C.; Kumar, Vinay (2005). Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology. Elsevier Saunders. ISBN   0-7216-0194-4.
  4. 1 2 David Sutton. Radiology and imaging for med. students (7th ed.). ISBN   81-7867-100-X.