The politics of Iraq take place in a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic. It is a multi-party system whereby the executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers as the head of government, as well as the President of Iraq, and legislative power is vested in the Council of Representatives and the Federation Council.
The Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period, also called the Transitional Administrative Law or TAL, was Iraq's provisional constitution following the 2003 Iraq War. It was signed on March 8, 2004 by the Iraqi Governing Council. It came into effect on June 28, 2004 following the official transfer of power from the Coalition Provisional Authority to a sovereign Iraqi government. The law remained in effect until the formation of the government in May 2006, when it was superseded by the permanent constitution that had been approved by referendum on October 15, 2005.
The National Iraqi Alliance, also known as the Watani List, is an Iraqi electoral coalition that contested the Iraqi legislative election, 2010. The Alliance is mainly composed of Shi'a Islamist parties. The alliance was created by the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq to contest in the January 2005 and December 2005 under the name United Iraqi Alliance, when it included all Iraq's major Shi'a parties. The United Iraqi Alliance won both those of elections however later fell apart after several major parties left the alliance due to disputes with Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki and the Supreme Council.
The Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan (DPAK) sometimes referred to simply as the Kurdistan Alliance (KA) is the name of the electoral coalition first presented as a united Kurdish list in the January 2005 election in Iraq. Elections were held simultaneously for the assembly of the Kurdistan Regional Government. The Alliance represents a coalition of the two main Kurdish parties, the Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
The Iraqi List is a political party list in the Iraqi National Assembly election, 2005, consisting of mainly secular Shia. It is dominated by the Iraqi National Accord led by former exile and interim prime minister Iyad Allawi. Other members include the Council of Iraq's Notables, the Iraqi Democrats Movement, the Democratic National Awakening Party, the Loyalty to Iraq Grouping, and the Iraqi Independents Association all of which are much smaller.
The Council of Representatives is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Iraq. It is currently composed of 329 seats and meets in Baghdad inside the Green Zone.
The National Independent Cadres and Elites (NICE) is an Iraqi political party. It represents Shi'ites who do not support the approach of the United Iraqi Alliance. It is closely associated with the movement of Moqtada al-Sadr and the Mahdi Army. The party is led by newspaper editor Fatah al-Sheikh.
There were two national legislative elections in Iraq in 2005:
The Iraqi Republican Assembly is one of the electoral coalitions that participated in the January 30, 2005 National Assembly election in Iraq.
The Islamic Action Organization In Iraq – Central Command is one of the electoral coalitions that participated in the January 30, 2005 National Assembly legislative election in Iraq. It is linked with the Islamic Action Organization which ran as a part of the United Iraqi Alliance.
The Assembly of Independent Democrats is an electoral coalition that participated in the January 30, 2005 National Assembly legislative election in Iraq. It was led by Adnan Pachachi and his party, the Democratic Centrist Tendency. The assembly included also Dr Mahdi al-Hafez, who was the minister of planning, Dr Ayham al-Samarie,former minister of electricity, Maysun al-Damluji, deputy minister of culture, Omar al-Farouq al-Damaluji, former minister of reconstruction, Atta Abdul-Wahab, ambassador of Iraq in Jordan, Mishkat al-Mumin, former minister of environment, Leila Abdul Latif, former minister of Labor & Social Affairs, Saad Abdul-Razzaq Hussain, and some other Iraqi politicians.
The Iraqi Kurdistan legislative elections of 2005 for the parliament of the Kurdistan Region, were held on 30 January 2005, to coincide with the Iraqi parliamentary election, January 2005 and elections to the governorate councils. It was the first legislative election to be held in Iraqi Kurdistan since 1992.
The Nationalist Democratic Assembly is a political party in Bahrain. It is the Bahraini regional branch of the Iraqi-led Ba'ath Party. The party is led by Secretary General Hassan Ali and Deputy Secretary General Mahmoud Kassab. It was established by Bahrainis who had studied in Ba'athist Iraq during the 1960s and 1970s. The party boycotted the 2002 parliamentary election but not the 2006 election. The 2011 parliamentary by-election was boycotted by the party in solidarity with the Bahraini uprising. It is headquartered in Zinj.
The electorate of Iraq went to the polls on 15 October 2005 to vote in a referendum on whether or not to ratify the proposed constitution of Iraq. After 10 days of counting votes, the country's electoral commission announced that the constitution had been approved by a wide margin nationwide. A number of critics allege massive irregularities, especially in the crucial province of Ninawa, which was widely expected to provide the third "no" vote.
Kurdistan Islamic Group is a movement in Iraqi Kurdistan established in May 2001 by Ali Bapir, a former leader of the Islamic Movement of Kurdistan.
Following the ratification of the Constitution of Iraq on 15 October 2005, a general election was held on 15 December to elect a permanent 275-member Iraqi Council of Representatives.
The Iraqi National List was a coalition of Iraqi political parties who ran in the December 2005 Iraqi elections and got 8.0% of the vote and 25 out of 275 seats.
The National Assembly of Iraq was the parliament of Iraq during the Occupation of Iraq. It was created under the Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period, and its representatives were chosen in the Iraqi parliamentary election, January 2005.
The Kurdistan Parliament, also called the Iraqi Kurdistan Parliament (IKP), is the parliament of Iraqi Kurdistan. It is made up of representatives from the various parties, lists or slates that are elected every four years by the inhabitants of the provinces of Iraqi Kurdistan currently governed by the Kurdistan Regional Government. Prior to the Kurdistan Election Law passed in March 2009, the body was referred to as the Kurdistan National Assembly.
