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Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné, was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as Carolus a Linné.
Johann Friedrich Gmelin was a German naturalist, chemist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist, and malacologist.
Carl Peter Thunberg, also known as Karl Peter von Thunberg, Carl Pehr Thunberg, or Carl Per Thunberg, was a Swedish naturalist and an "apostle" of Carl Linnaeus. After studying under Linnaeus at Uppsala University, he spent seven years travelling in southern Africa and Asia, collecting and describing many plants and animals new to European science, and observing local cultures. He has been called "the father of South African botany", "pioneer of Occidental Medicine in Japan", and the "Japanese Linnaeus".
Systema Naturae is one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy. Although the system, now known as binomial nomenclature, was partially developed by the Bauhin brothers, Gaspard and Johann, Linnaeus was first to use it consistently throughout his book. The first edition was published in 1736. The full title of the 10th edition (1758), which was the most important one, was Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis or translated: "System of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera and species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places".
Carl Linnaeus the Younger, Carolus Linnaeus the Younger, Carl von Linné den yngre, or Linnaeus filius was a Swedish naturalist. His names distinguish him from his father, the pioneering taxonomist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778).
Johann Bartsch (1709–1738) was a German physician.
George Clifford III was a wealthy Dutch banker and one of the directors of the Dutch East India Company. He is known for his keen interest in plants and gardens.
Johannes Burman, was a Dutch botanist and physician. Burman specialized in plants from Ceylon, Amboina and Cape Colony. The name Pelargonium was introduced by Johannes Burman.
Christian Gottlieb Ludwig was a German physician and botanist born in Brieg, Silesia. He was the father of physician/naturalist Christian Friedrich Ludwig (1757–1823) and of Christian L. Ludwig (1749–1784), a physician/scientist known for his translation of Joseph Priestley's scientific experiments.
Johann Ernst Hebenstreit was a German physician and naturalist born in Neustadt an der Orla.
The bibliography of Carl Linnaeus includes academic works about botany, zoology, nomenclature and taxonomy written by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778). Linnaeus laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature and is known as the father of modern taxonomy. His most famous works are Systema Naturae which is considered as the starting point for zoological nomenclature together with Species Plantarum which is internationally accepted as the beginning of modern botanical nomenclature.
Critica Botanica was written by Swedish botanist, physician, zoologist and naturalist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778). The book was published in Germany when Linnaeus was 29 with a discursus by the botanist Johannes Browallius (1707–1755), bishop of Åbo. The first edition was published in July 1737 under the full title Critica botanica in qua nomina plantarum generica, specifica & variantia examini subjiciuntur, selectoria confirmantur, indigna rejiciuntur; simulque doctrina circa denominationem plantarum traditur. Seu Fundamentorum botanicorum pars IV Accedit Johannis Browallii De necessitate historiae naturalis discursus.
Flora Lapponica is an account of the plants of Lapland written by botanist, zoologist and naturalist Carl Linnaeus (1707-1788) following his expedition to Lapland.
Commemoration of Carl Linnaeus has been ongoing for over two centuries. Celebrated for his scientific work, Linnaeus was knighted and granted nobility in life. After his death, he has been featured in sculpture, on postage stamps and banknotes, as well as by a medal from the eponymous Linnean Society of London. Several notable people have the given names Linnaeus/Linné or Linnea/Linnéa. Among other things named in his honor are plants, astronomical features, towns, an arboretum, a mineral and a university.
Johan Andreas (Anders) Murray was a Swedish physician of German descent and botanist, who published a major work on plant-derived medicines.
Augustin Lippi was a French physician and botanist of Italian descent.
Ludwig Jungermann was a German botanist and physician.
Johann Heinrich von Heucher was a German physician and botanist.
Johann Andreas Cramer was a German metallurgist and chemist who published some of the early ideas on metallurgy and chemistry in his books which included Elementa Artis Docimasticae (1741).
Abraham Bäck was a Swedish physician who is considered an important reformer of Swedish medical training and the organisation of Swedish medical practice.
References
- ↑ Kees van Strien: A Medical Student at Leiden and Paris William Sinclair 1736-38: Part I . In: Proceedings of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, Volume 25, 1995, pp. 294-304 ( "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 24 September 2006. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)) - ↑ Wendell E. Wilson: Scotland. (mineral collectors in Scotland during the 18th century) (The History of Mineralogy: 1530-1799). The Mineralogical Record November 1, 1994.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Critica Botanica . Leiden 1737, p. 93
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Genera Plantarum . Leiden 1742, p. 160
- Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Lee, Sidney, ed. (1892). "Lawson, Isaac". Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 32. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
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