Isaiah Sonne,sometimes also Isaia Sonne,(1887–1960) was a Jewish historian and bibliographer. Born in Galicia in 1887,he was educated in Switzerland and Italy,spending much of his career in the latter country as a teacher at Jewish colleges. After the implementations of the Italian Racial Laws in 1938,Sonne migrated to the United States where he taught at the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati,where he died in 1960. [1] [2]
Sonne made considerable contributions to the Wissenschaft des Judentums . [3]
Sonne was born in Mościska,Galicia,then part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire,on 26 February 1887 and was educated in Switzerland and Italy, [1] receiving a Rabbinical degree there in 1925. [3]
He taught,for a short time,at Łódź but moved to Florence,Italy in 1925 to teach Rabbinical literature and the Talmud at the Rabbinic College there,the Collegio Rabbinico. Apart from teaching he also engaged in research into the Jewish history in Italy. [1] [3]
In the mid-1930s Sonne became the first to compile a partial catalogue of the Biblioteca della ComunitàIsraelitica ,looted by the Nazis in October 1943 and never recovered. [4] Sonne,however,complained that he was allowed to see only the second-best items in the library. [5]
From 1936 to 1938 he taught on the island of Rhodes,then part of the Kingdom of Italy,as the director of the Jewish Theological Seminar there,a post subsidised by the Italian government with the aim of spreading Italian culture. [1] Sonne's aim,while on Rhodes,was to bridge the gap of knowledge between Eastern and Western Jews and,in the words of Salo Wittmayer Baron,"infuse the Levantine Jewry with the Wissenschaft des Judentums ". [3]
After the implementation of the Anti-Semitic Italian Racial Laws in 1938 Sonne lost his post and emigrated to the United States by 1940. [1]
He became a professor of the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati,where he died on 27 November 1960. [2]
Sonne published in four languages,English,German,Italian and Hebrew, [6] on a wide range of subjects stretching from biography to rabbinics and philosophy,with his contribution to the Wissenschaft des Judentums on the subject of Renaissance history the most noted. [3]
Selected works: [6]
Leopold Zunz was the founder of academic Judaic Studies,the critical investigation of Jewish literature,hymnology and ritual. Zunz's historical investigations and contemporary writings had an important influence on contemporary Judaism.
The Jewish Encyclopedia:A Descriptive Record of the History,Religion,Literature,and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day is an English-language encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history,culture,and state of Judaism up to the early 20th century. The encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer and the editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly.
Ignaz Maybaum was a rabbi and 20th-century liberal Jewish theologian.
Abraham Fraenkel was a German-born Israeli mathematician. He was an early Zionist and the first Dean of Mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is known for his contributions to axiomatic set theory,especially his additions to Ernst Zermelo's axioms,which resulted in the Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory.
Abraham Geiger was a German rabbi and scholar,considered the founding father of Reform Judaism. Emphasizing Judaism's constant development along history and universalist traits,Geiger sought to re-formulate received forms and design what he regarded as a religion compliant with modern times.
Samuel David Luzzatto,also known by the Hebrew acronym Shadal (שד״ל),was an Italian Jewish scholar,poet,and a member of the Wissenschaft des Judentums movement.
Ismar Elbogen was a German rabbi,scholar and historian.
The Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau was an institution in Breslau for the training of rabbis,founded under the will of Jonah Fränckel,and opened in 1854. The seminary,at what is now an empty building plot in 14-18 Wlodkowica Street,was closed in 1938 by Nazi Party officials after the Kristallnacht.
"Wissenschaft des Judentums" refers to a nineteenth-century movement premised on the critical investigation of Jewish literature and culture,including rabbinic literature,to analyze the origins of Jewish traditions.
Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums,or Higher Institute for Jewish Studies,was a rabbinical seminary established in Berlin in 1872 and closed down by the Nazi government of Germany in 1942. Upon the order of the government,the name was officially changed to Lehranstalt für die Wissenschaft des Judentums.
Julius Guttmann,born Yitzchak Guttmann,was a German-born rabbi,Jewish theologian,and philosopher of religion.
Henry A. Fischel was an American-German professor emeritus of Near Eastern languages and cultures at Indiana University.
Salo Wittmayer Baron was a Polish-born American historian,described as "the greatest Jewish historian of the 20th century". Baron taught at Columbia University from 1930 until his retirement in 1963.
Fritz Bamberger was a German Jewish Scholar,educator and magazine editor who directed the school system for the education of Jews in pre- World War II,was the editor-in-chief of Coronet starting in 1942,and taught and wrote in the areas of philosophy and intellectual history.
Hanoch Albeck was a professor of Talmud at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem,Israel. He was a foremost scholar of the Mishna and one of the pioneers of the scientific approach to Mishna study.
Amos Luzzatto was an Italian-Jewish writer and essayist,born in a family of ancient tradition. His mother's father,Dante Lattes,was one of the most important representatives of Jewish Italian culture in the 20th century. His father's great-great-grandfather,Samuel David Luzzatto (Shadal),was teaching at the Rabbinical College in Padua and was an Italian representative of the "Wissenschaft des Judentums".
Eugen Täubler was a German historian born in Gostyń.
The Biblioteca della ComunitàIsraelitica was the library of the Jewish community of Rome,Italy. Established in the early 20th century,it housed approximately 7,000 rare or unique books and manuscripts dating back to at least the 16th century. According to the Central Registry of Looted Art,it was the most important Jewish library in Italy and one of the most important in the world. The contents of the library were looted by Nazi Germany shortly after the Raid of the Ghetto of Rome in October 1943,and have never been recovered. Two months later,the contents of the Collegio Rabbinico Italiano,the Italian Rabbinical College's library located in the same building,were also looted;only part of the contents of the latter library have been recovered.
Bernhard Templer was a Austro-Galician Jewish theologian.
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