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The Deccan sultanates is a historiographical term referring to five late medieval to early modern Indian kingdoms on the Deccan Plateau between the Krishna River and the Vindhya Range that were created from the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate and ruled by Muslim dynasties: namely Ahmadnagar, Berar, Bidar, Bijapur, and Golconda. The five sultanates owed their existence to the declaration of independence of Ahmadnagar in 1490, which was followed by Bijapur and Berar in the same year. Bidar became independent in c. 1492, and Golconda in 1512.
The Sultanate of Bijapur was an early modern kingdom in the western Deccan and South India, ruled by the Adil Shahi dynasty. Bijapur had been a taraf (province) of the Bahmani Kingdom prior to its independence in 1490 and before the kingdom's political decline in the last quarter of the 15th century. It was one of the Deccan sultanates, the collective name of the kingdom's five successor states. The Sultanate of Bijapur was one of the most powerful states on the Indian Subcontinent at its peak, second to the Mughal Empire which conquered it in 1686 under Aurangzeb.
Sultana Chand Bibi was the regent of the Bijapur Sultanate during the minority of Ibrahim Adil Shah II in 1580–1590, and the regent of the Ahmednagar Sultanate during the minority of her great nephew Bahadur Shah in 1595–1600. Chand Bibi is best known for defending Ahmednagar against the Mughal forces of Emperor Akbar in 1595.
The Farooqi dynasty or the Farooq Shahi was the ruling dynasty of the Khandesh Sultanate from its inception in 1382 till its annexation by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1601. The founder of the dynasty, Malik Ahmad participated in a rebellion against the Bahmani ruler Muhmmad Shah I in his early years. When he was compelled to flee from Deccan, he established in Thalner on the Tapti River. After receiving the grant of the fiefdoms of Thalner and Karanda from Firuz Shah Tughluq in 1370, he conquered the region around Thalner, which later became known as Khandesh. By 1382, he started ruling independently.
Narnala Fort or Narnala Qila Sarkar, also known as Shahnoor Fort, is a hill fortress in the Satpura Range of Vidarbh, Maharashtra, India, named after the Rajput Solanki Chaulukya Ruler, Raja Narnal Singh, also known as Narnal Singh Swami. It was renamed as "Shahnoor" by Islamic rulers but again acquired, rebuilt and got its name "Narnala" by ruler Rao Rana Narnal Singh Solanki, who migrated from Patan in Gujarat.
The Sultanate of Ahmednagar was a late medieval Indian Marathi kingdom located in the northwestern Deccan, between the sultanates of Gujarat and Bijapur, ruled by the Nizam Shahi dynasty. It was established when Malik Ahmed, the Bahmani governor of Junnar, after defeating the Bahmani army led by general Jhangir Khan on 28 May 1490, declared independence and established the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.
Burhan Nizam Shah I was ruler of the Ahmednagar Sultanate, in Central India. He ascended the throne on the death of his father Ahmad Nizam Shah I in 1508 or 1510 when he was seven years old. He died in 1553 and was succeeded by Hussain Nizam Shah I.
Daniyal Mirza was a prince of the Mughal Empire who served as the Viceroy of the Deccan. He was the third son of the emperor Akbar and the half-brother of the emperor Jahangir.
Burhan Nizam Shah II was the ruler of Ahmadnagar Sultanate in the Deccan. He was the second son of Hussain Nizam Shah I and Khunza Humayun Begum.
Bahadur Nizam Shah was the Sultan of Ahmadnagar from 1596 to 1600. Only a small child when he gained the throne, he spent almost his entire reign under the regency of his great-aunt Chand Bibi.
The Battle of Bhatvadi was fought in 1624, near modern Bhatodi Pargaon village in Maharashtra, India. The Ahmadnagar army led by Malik Ambar defeated a combined Mughal-Bijapur force led by the Bijapuri general Mullah Muhammad Lari.
The Deccani–Vijayanagar wars were a series of conflicts between the Deccan Sultanates and the Vijayanagar Empire from 1495 to 1678.
The siege of Daulatabad (1633) was a conflict between the Mughal Empire and the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, wherein the fort-city of Daulatabad was besieged by a Mughal force for several months and successfully captured. The Bijapur Sultanate also participated in the conflict against the Mughals, sending a large army to the aid of the fort's garrison. The conflict took place after several Mughal victories securing other minor forts in Ahmadnagar control, but was distinguished by the political significance of Daulatabad to the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. This event marked Mughal victory in the ongoing war between the Mughals and the Ahmadnagar Sultanate; it ended the Nizam Shahi dynasty and concluded the Sultanate, marking another step in the Mughal advance over the Deccan region. The victory did not fully quell resistance to Mughal authority in the Western Deccan; a year later, Maratha commander Shahji Bhonsle attempted a bid for power using a puppet ruler of the Nizam Shahi house.
Fath Khan, also written as Fateh Khan, was a 17th-century political figure of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, a historical principality spanning the Western Deccan region in the Indian subcontinent. He was the eldest son of Malik Ambar, the Peshwa of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. He succeeded his father as the Sultanate's de facto ruler after the latter's death in 1626, and served as Peshwa until his imprisonment in 1633. His tenure, lasting less than a decade, spanned the eclipse days of the kingdom; it was characterised by internal strife and political pressure from the Mughal Empire. He played a key role in the kingdom's collapse by defecting to the Mughal Empire, and killed the ruler Burhan Nizam Shah III in the name of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. His political career came to an end with the Siege of Daulatabad, after which he submitted to the Mughal emperor and became his pensioner.
The Vijayanagar Invasion of Bijapur was a coordinated campaign by a coalition of Ahmadnagar, Golkonda, and Vijayanagara, aimed at weakening the Bijapur Sultanate in the year 1543. Initiated by Burhan Nizam Shah I of Ahmadnagar, the alliance sought to capitalize on Ibrahim Adil Shah's vulnerabilities. Each ally targeted different regions Ahmadnagar attacked from the northeast, Golkonda from the east, and Vijayanagara advanced from the south under Rama Raya aiming to seize Raichur and the Doab.
The Ahmednagar invasion of Bidar led by Burhan Nizam Shah I was a campaign aimed at expanding his influence in the Deccan. Burhan formed a powerful alliance with the Sultanates of Berar, Golconda, and the Vijayanagar Empire to challenge the combined forces of Bidar and Bijapur. The coalition launched coordinated attacks, and Ahmednagar forces achieved several victories capturing the strategic forts of Ausa, Udgir, and Kandhar.
The Battle of Kalyani (1549) was a conflict fought between the allied forces of Vijayanagar and Ahmednagar against the sultanates of Bidar and Bijapur. As the combined armies of Vijayanagar and Ahmednagar laid siege to the fort of Kalyani, the Sultan of Bidar Ali Barid Shah I sought assistance from Ibrahim Adil Shah I of Bijapur. In response, Ibrahim marched to relieve the fort and confront the besieging forces. However, the Bijapuri forces were defeated by the allied army in a surprise attack. Following this victory, the fort of Kalyani surrendered.
The Siege of Paranda was a confrontation between the forces of Bijapur and the allied armies of Vijayanagar and Ahmadnagar led by Burhan Nizam Shah I. Following his defeat at Kalyani, Ibrahim Adil Shah I of Bijapur seized Paranda and appointed a Deccani governor to hold the fort. Determined to reclaim the stronghold, Burhan Nizam Shah I mobilized his forces and advanced towards Paranda. As the allied army approached, the Bijapuri governor, overwhelmed by fear, abandoned the fort under the cover of night. His troops, demoralized by their leader’s flight, followed suit, allowing Burhan Nizam Shah I to recapture Paranda without resistance.
Hussain Nizam Shah III was the 12th Sultan of Ahmadnagar Sultanate under the regency of Fath Khan and Shahaji. It was during his reign the second phase of extinction of Ahmadnagar Sultanate began. He was imprisoned by Shah Jahan in the Gwalior Fort after Mahabat Khan's successful conquest of Dautlatabad. He was succeeded by Murtaza Nizam Shah III.
References
- ↑ Dhir, Krishna S. (2022-01-01). The Wonder That Is Urdu. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 512. ISBN 978-81-208-4301-1.
- ↑ Dhir, Krishna S. (2022-01-01). The Wonder That Is Urdu. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 512. ISBN 978-81-208-4301-1.
- 1 2 Hasan, Prof M. (2002). HISTORY OF ISLAM (2 Vols. Set). Adam Publishers & Distributors. p. 373. ISBN 978-81-7435-019-0.
- ↑ The Modern Review. Prabasi Press Private, Limited. 1947.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Shyam, Radhey (1966). The Kingdom Of Ahmadnagar. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 204–221.