Ivar Mendez

Last updated
Ivar Mendez
OC
MENDEZ.jpg
Born
La Paz, Bolivia
Alma mater University of Western Ontario, University of Toronto
Scientific career
Fields neurosurgery, neuroscience, photography, sculpture, philanthropy
Institutions University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon Health Region, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University Neurosurgery

Ivar Mendez OC [1] is a Canadian neurosurgeon and neuroscientist who is a professor of surgery at the University of Saskatchewan. He is known for his work in cell transplantation for Parkinson's disease and the use of remote presence robotics in neurosurgery and primary health care. In December 2022, Mendez was appointed an officer of the Order of Canada for his pioneering work in the use of remote telemedicine and robotics to revolutionize the delivery of health and patient care. [2] Dr. Mendez is the Director of the Virtual Health Hub. [3]

Contents

Mendez served as the F.H. Wigmore Professor [4] and Provincial Head of the Department of Surgery at the University of Saskatchewan and the Saskatchewan Health Authority from 2013-2022 for the Province of Saskatchewan. He also holds an appointment at the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience at Dalhousie University and he is one of the founders of the Brain Repair Centre. [5] He is also the president and founder of the Ivar Mendez International Foundation [6] that provides health and educational assistance to children in the Bolivian Andes. Mendez is a photographer and sculptor [7] and has published four books of photography.

Biography

Mendez was born in La Paz, Bolivia and immigrated with his family to Canada as a teenager. He obtained a BSc degree from the University of Toronto and then an M.D. from the University of Western Ontario (UWO). He did a neurosurgical residency training in London, and was certified in Neurosurgery from the Royal College of Physician and Surgeons of Canada in 1994 and from the American Board of Neurological Surgery [8] in 1996. He became a fellow of the American College of Surgeons in 1998 and became a member of the College Board of Governors [9] in 2015. His interest in regenerative medicine led him to obtain a PhD in Anatomy and Neurobiology from the UWO his PhD thesis was on "Neurotransmitter Interactions in Nigral Grafts". [10] He did a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Lund in Sweden under the supervision of Anders Björklund. [11] In 2014, Saint Mary's University (Halifax) in Nova Scotia awarded Mendez a Doctor of Science (honoris causa) degree for his contribution to Neuroscience and he was inducted a Fellow to the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences.[ citation needed ] In 2016, Mendez received the Government of Canada Public Service Award of Excellence for the use of remote presence robotic technology to improve healthcare in the Canadian North.[ citation needed ] In December 2022, Mendez was appointed an officer of the Order of Canada for his pioneering work in the use of remote telemedicine and robotics to revolutionize the delivery of health and patient care in Canada and worldwide. [2] Dr. Mendez is the Director of the Virtual Health Hub. [3]

Scientific contributions

He pioneered the technique of multiple grafts to restore dopamine input to the parkinsonian mammalian brain. [12] [13] This technique was translated into clinical trials in patients with Parkinson's disease and showed long-term survival of those grafts. [14] [15] [16] [17] He also pioneered the use of Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in combination with fetal cells in humans. [18] [19] [20] Mendez invented a transplantation delivery system to inject cells into the human brain. [21] With his team, he performed the first long-distance brain surgery robotic telementoring in the world by using a robotic arm to mentor neurosurgeons located 400 km away. [22] He is also pioneering the use of remote presence devices to deliver health care in remote locations. [23] [24] [25] In 2015, Mendez and his team printed the first 3D brain for planning deep brain stimulation surgery. [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] Research in 3D brain printing led in 2016 to the development of a virtual reality (VR) brain for medical education and surgical planning applications. [31] [32] [33] In 2020, Dr. Mendez and his remote presence technology team pioneered the use of telerobotic ultrasonography for abdominal and obstetric sonography. [34] [35] This technology was used to provide prenatal ultrasound to pregnant women living in COVID-19 outbreak communities. [36]

Inventions

Humanitarian contributions

Mendez has established a Canadian charitable organization, the Ivar Mendez International Foundation, [6] to provide nutrition, dental care and art program to children in remote locations of the Bolivian Andes. [41]

Awards

Artistic endeavours

He has published four books of photography [51] and has had several exhibitions of his photography and sculpture [52] In October 2003 He sculpted a bust of Canadian Neurosurgeon Dr. Charles Drake was installed outside the front entrance of University Hospital in London, Ontario where Drake practiced medicine. The statue was unveiled by American Actress and Singer Della Reese whose life was saved by Drake following an Aneurysm in October 1979. [53]

Published books

Selected scientific publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Substantia nigra</span> Structure in the basal ganglia of the brain

The substantia nigra (SN) is a basal ganglia structure located in the midbrain that plays an important role in reward and movement. Substantia nigra is Latin for "black substance", reflecting the fact that parts of the substantia nigra appear darker than neighboring areas due to high levels of neuromelanin in dopaminergic neurons. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parkinsonism</span> Medical condition

Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Both hypokinetic as well as hyperkinetic features are displayed by Parkinsonism. These are the four motor symptoms found in Parkinson's disease (PD) – after which it is named – dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and many other conditions. This set of symptoms occurs in a wide range of conditions and may have many causes, including neurodegenerative conditions, drugs, toxins, metabolic diseases, and neurological conditions other than PD.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MPTP</span> Chemical compound

MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is an organic compound. It is classified as a tetrahydropyridine. It is of interest as a precursor to the neurotoxin MPP+, which causes permanent symptoms of Parkinson's disease by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. It has been used to study disease models in various animals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nigrostriatal pathway</span> Bilateral pathway in the brain

The nigrostriatal pathway is a bilateral dopaminergic pathway in the brain that connects the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in the midbrain with the dorsal striatum in the forebrain. It is one of the four major dopamine pathways in the brain, and is critical in the production of movement as part of a system called the basal ganglia motor loop. Dopaminergic neurons of this pathway release dopamine from axon terminals that synapse onto GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs), also known as spiny projection neurons (SPNs), located in the striatum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Progressive supranuclear palsy</span> Medical condition

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disease involving the gradual deterioration and death of specific volumes of the brain. The condition leads to symptoms including loss of balance, slowing of movement, difficulty moving the eyes, and cognitive impairment. PSP may be mistaken for other types of neurodegeneration such as Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The cause of the condition is uncertain, but involves the accumulation of tau protein within the brain. Medications such as levodopa and amantadine may be useful in some cases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thalamotomy</span> Surgical procedure

Thalamotomy is a surgical procedure in which a functional lesion is made into the thalamus to improve the overall brain function in patients. First introduced in the 1950s, it is primarily effective for tremors such as those associated with Parkinson's disease, where a selected portion of the thalamus is surgically destroyed (ablated). Neurosurgeons use specialized equipment to precisely locate an area of the thalamus, usually choosing to work on only one side. Bilateral procedures are poorly tolerated because of increased complications and risk, including vision and speech problems. The positive effects on tremors are immediate. Other less destructive procedures are sometimes preferred, such as subthalamic deep brain stimulation, since this procedure can also improve tremors and other symptoms of PD.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypokinesia</span> Decreased movement due to basal ganglia dysfunction

Hypokinesia is one of the classifications of movement disorders, and refers to decreased bodily movement. Hypokinesia is characterized by a partial or complete loss of muscle movement due to a disruption in the basal ganglia. Hypokinesia is a symptom of Parkinson's disease shown as muscle rigidity and an inability to produce movement. It is also associated with mental health disorders and prolonged inactivity due to illness, amongst other diseases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Focused ultrasound</span> Non-invasive therapeutic technique

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), or MR-guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery is an incision-less therapeutic technique that uses non-ionizing ultrasonic waves to heat or ablate tissue. HIFU can be used to increase the flow of blood or lymph or to destroy tissue, such as tumors, via thermal and mechanical mechanisms. Given the prevalence and relatively low cost of ultrasound generation mechanisms, the premise of HIFU is that it is expected to be a non-invasive and low-cost therapy that can at least outperform care in the operating room.

In the management of Parkinson's disease, due to the chronic nature of Parkinson's disease (PD), a broad-based program is needed that includes patient and family education, support-group services, general wellness maintenance, exercise, and nutrition. At present, no cure for the disease is known, but medications or surgery can provide relief from the symptoms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parkinson's disease</span> Long-term neurodegenerative disease

Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term neurodegenerative disease of mainly the central nervous system that affects both the motor and non-motor systems of the body. The symptoms usually emerge slowly, and as the disease progresses, non-motor symptoms become more common. Usual symptoms include tremors, slowness of movement, rigidity, and difficulty with balance, collectively known as parkinsonism. Parkinson's disease dementia, falls and neuropsychiatric problems such as sleep abnormalities, psychosis, mood swings, or behavioral changes may arise in advanced stages as well.

The research in Parkinson's disease refers to any study intended to help answer questions about etiology, diagnostic approaches or new treatments of Parkinson's disease (PD) by studying their effects on human subjects. Clinical trials are designed and conducted by scientists and medical experts, who invite participants to undergo testing new vaccines, therapies, or treatments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parkinsonian gait</span> Type of gait due to Parkinsons disease

Parkinsonian gait is the type of gait exhibited by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). It is often described by people with Parkinson's as feeling like being stuck in place, when initiating a step or turning, and can increase the risk of falling. This disorder is caused by a deficiency of dopamine in the basal ganglia circuit leading to motor deficits. Gait is one of the most affected motor characteristics of this disorder although symptoms of Parkinson's disease are varied.

Gene therapy in Parkinson's disease consists of the creation of new cells that produce a specific neurotransmitter (dopamine), protect the neural system, or the modification of genes that are related to the disease. Then these cells are transplanted to a patient with the disease. There are different kinds of treatments that focus on reducing the symptoms of the disease but currently there is no cure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krembil Research Institute</span> Academic medical research institute in Toronto

The Krembil Research Institute, formerly known as the Toronto Western Research Institute, is an academic medical research institute in Toronto. It is one of the largest research institutes in Canada focusing on human neurological disease.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease</span> Treatment method for Parkinsons disease

Cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease include various investigational procedures which transplant specific populations of cells into the brains of people with Parkinson's disease. The investigation of cell transplantation therapies followed the discovery that the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta resulted in the motor symptoms of the disease. Thus, cell transplantation has focused on various dopamine producing cells throughout the body.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anders Björklund</span> Swedish histologist (born 1945)

Anders Björklund' is a Swedish neuroscientist and pioneer in the study of cell- and gene-based reparative and neuroprotective mechanisms in the brain. He has spent his academic career at Lund University in Sweden, as professor since 1983 and as senior professor at the Wallenberg Neuroscience Center since his formal retirement in 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Focused ultrasound for intracranial drug delivery</span> Medical technique

Focused ultrasound for intracrainial drug delivery is a non-invasive technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to disrupt tight junctions in the blood–brain barrier (BBB), allowing for increased passage of therapeutics into the brain. The BBB normally blocks nearly 98% of drugs from accessing the central nervous system, so FUS has the potential to address a major challenge in intracranial drug delivery by providing targeted and reversible BBB disruption. Using FUS to enhance drug delivery to the brain could significantly improve patient outcomes for a variety of diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and brain cancer.

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is method of drug delivery in which drug is delivered into using bulk flow rather than conventional diffusion into the brain. This is done by utilizing catheters inserted into the target region of the brain and utilizing pressure to deliver the therapeutic to a target region. CED has been used to delivery drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) for diseases such as cancer, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. CED has been used to deliver drugs to the CNS for its ability to bypass the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and target specific regions for targeted treatment, but current techniques using CED have failed to progress past clinical trials due to a variety of physical limitations associated with CED itself.

Isabelle Aubert is a Canadian neuroscientist with expertise in developing regenerative therapies for neurodegenerative disorders. She is a senior scientist at Sunnybrook Research Institute, and is a professor in laboratory medicine and pathobiology at the University of Toronto. In 2019, Aubert was appointed as a Canada Research Chair in Brain Repair and Regeneration.

Foetal brain cell graft is a surgical procedure that can be used as a regenerative treatment for various neurological conditions, but was mainly explored and used specifically for treating Parkinson's disease (PD). A standardised procedure is followed: the cells are usually obtained from a 7–8 weeks old foetus and the collected cells undergo testing to examine whether they are free from infectious agents and safe for transplantation. It is found that this procedure results in an overall improvement in motor functions and a reduction in reliance on medication for PD patients.

References

  1. 1 2 "Order of Canada appointees – December 2022". The Governor General of Canada. 29 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  2. 1 2 "Order of Canada appointees – December 2022". Governor General of Canada. 29 December 2022. Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  3. 1 2 "First of its Kind Virtual Health Hub to Enhance Rural and Remote Healthcare | News and Media". Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
  4. ↑ "Fred. H. Wigmore Professor". Archived from the original on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  5. ↑ "Brain Repair Centre". Archived from the original on 2019-08-01. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  6. 1 2 "Ivar Mendez International Foundation". Archived from the original on 2018-12-27. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  7. ↑ "Sculpting neurosurgeon breaks the mould". Archived from the original on 2012-02-06. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
  8. ↑ "American Board of Neurological Surgery". Archived from the original on 2014-09-24. Retrieved 2014-08-19.
  9. ↑ "American College of Surgeons - Board of Governors". Archived from the original on 2016-06-25. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  10. ↑ Mendez I, Elisevich K, Flumerfelt B (June 1991). "Dopaminergic innervation of substance P-containing striatal neurons by fetal nigral grafts: an ultrastructural double-labeling immunocytochemical study". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 308 (1): 66–78. doi:10.1002/cne.903080107. PMID   1714923. S2CID   34912060..
  11. ↑ "Dr. Anders Björklund". Archived from the original on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  12. ↑ Mendez I, Sadi D, Hong M (1996). "Reconstruction of the nigrostriatal pathway by simultaneous intrastriatal and intranigral dopaminergic transplants". Journal of Neuroscience. 16 (22): 7216–7227. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-22-07216.1996. PMC   6578939 . PMID   8929430.
  13. ↑ Mendez I, Hong M (December 5, 1997). "Reconstruction of the striato-nigro-striatal circuitry by simultaneous double dopaminergic grafts: a tracer study using fluorogold and horse radish peroxidase". Brain Research. 778 (1): 194–205. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01055-x. PMID   9462892. S2CID   26078626.
  14. ↑ Mendez I, Dagher A, Hong M, Gaudet P, Weerasinghe S, McAlister V, King D, Desrosiers J, Darvesh S, Acorn T, Robertson H (2002). "Simultaneous intrastriatal and intranigral fetal dopaminergic grafts in patients with Parkinson's disease". Journal of Neurosurgery. 96 (3): 589–596. doi:10.3171/jns.2002.96.3.0589. PMID   11883846.
  15. ↑ Mendez I, Sanchez-Pernaute R, Cooper O, Viñuela A, Ferrari D, Björklund L, Dagher A, Isacson O (2005). "Cell type analysis of fetal dopamine cell suspension transplants in striatum and substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease". Brain. 128 (Pt 7): 1498–1510. doi:10.1093/brain/awh510. PMC   2610438 . PMID   15872020.
  16. ↑ Mendez I, Viñuela A, Astradsson A, Mukhida K, Hallett P, Robertson H, Tierney T, Holness R, Dagher A, Trojanowski JQ, Isacson O (May 2008). "Dopamine neurons implanted into people with Parkinson's disease survive without pathology for 14 years". Nature Medicine. 14 (5): 507–509. doi:10.1038/nm1752. PMC   2656682 . PMID   18391961.
  17. ↑ Hallett P, Cooper O, Sadi D, Robertson H, Mendez I, Isacson O (June 26, 2014). "Long-term Health of Dopaminergic Neuron Transplants in Parkinson's Disease Patients". Cell Reports. 7 (6): 1755–1761. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.027. PMC   4105701 . PMID   24910427.
  18. ↑ Apostolides C, Sanford E, Hong M, Mendez I (March 1998). "Glial cell line--derived neurotrophic factor improves intrastriatal graft survival of stored dopaminergic cells". Neuroscience. 83 (2): 363–372. doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00369-2. PMID   9460746. S2CID   29928233.
  19. ↑ Mehta V, Hong M, Spears J, Mendez I (June 1998). "Enhancement of graft survival and sensorimotor behavioral recovery in rats undergoing transplantation with dopaminergic cells exposed to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor". Journal of Neurosurgery. 88 (6): 1088–1095. doi:10.3171/jns.1998.88.6.1088. PMID   9609305. S2CID   7481810.
  20. ↑ Mendez I, Dagher A, Hong M, Hebb A, Gaudet P, Law A, Weerasinghe S, King D, Desrosiers J, Darvesh S, Acorn T, Robertson H (May 2000). "Exposure of human fetal nigral tissue to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor enhances survival in two patients with Parkinson's disease". Journal of Neurosurgery. 92 (5): 863–869. doi:10.3171/jns.2000.92.5.0863. PMID   10794303.
  21. ↑ Mendez I, Hong M, Smith S, Dagher A, Desrosiers J (March 2000). "A neural transplantation cannula and microinjector system: experimental and clinical experience". Journal of Neurosurgery. 92 (3): 493–499. doi:10.3171/jns.2000.92.3.0493. PMID   10701543. S2CID   21561353.
  22. ↑ Mendez I, Hill R, Clarke D, Kolyvas G, Walling S (2005). "Robotic long-distance telementoring in neurosurgery". Neurosurgery. 56 (3): 434–440. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000153928.51881.27. PMID   15730568. S2CID   37090642.
  23. ↑ Mendez I, Song M, Chiasson P, Bustamante L (January 2013). "Point-of-Care Programming for Neuromodulation: A Feasibility Study Using Remote Presence". Neurosurgery. 72 (1): 99–108. doi:10.1227/NEU.0b013e318276b5b2. PMID   23096417.
  24. ↑ Mendez I, Van den Hof MC (November 19, 2013). "Mobile remote-presence devices for point-of-care health care delivery". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 185 (17): 1512–1516. doi:10.1503/cmaj.120223. PMC   3832559 . PMID   23775612.
  25. ↑ Mendez I, Jong M, Keays-White D, Turner G (August 5, 2013). "The use of remote presence for health care delivery in a northern Inuit community: a feasibility study". International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 72: 21112. doi:10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21112. PMC   3753140 . PMID   23984292.
  26. ↑ "3D Print.com The First Realistic Brain Model 3D Printed to Aid with Surgical Procedure". Archived from the original on 2015-12-12. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
  27. ↑ "3Ders.org Canadian surgeon uses 3D printed realistic brain model to assist complex brain surgery". Archived from the original on 2015-12-15. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
  28. ↑ "3D MedTech Printing Conference: Saskatoon neurosurgeon 3D prints replica of patient's brain". Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
  29. ↑ "The StarPhoenix: Mendez makes world breakthrough in brain science". Archived from the original on 2018-07-03. Retrieved 2019-01-27.
  30. ↑ "CBC News: Object of beauty, Saskatoon doctor prints 3D replica of patient's brain; Dr. Ivar Mendez says 3D technology could lead to printing other organs". Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
  31. ↑ "Global News: Virtual reality helping U of S students and surgeons analyze the brain like never before". Archived from the original on 2017-01-15. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
  32. ↑ "The StarPhoenix: Virtual reality heralds great leap in understanding of the brain". Archived from the original on 2019-03-26. Retrieved 2019-01-27.
  33. ↑ "3DPrint.com: Virtual reality human brain". Archived from the original on 2017-01-14. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
  34. ↑ Adams, S. J.; Burbridge, B. E.; Badea, A.; Kanigan, N.; Bustamante, L.; Babyn, P.; Mendez, I. (2018). "A Crossover Comparison of Standard and Telerobotic Approaches to Prenatal Sonography". Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 37 (11): 2603–2612. doi:10.1002/jum.14619. PMID   29689632. S2CID   25757522.
  35. ↑ Adams, S. J.; Burbridge, B.; Obaid, H.; Stoneham, G.; Babyn, P.; Mendez, I. (2021). "Telerobotic Sonography for Remote Diagnostic Imaging: Narrative Review of Current Developments and Clinical Applications". Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 40 (7): 1287–1306. doi:10.1002/jum.15525. PMID   33058242. S2CID   222832489.
  36. ↑ Adams, S. J.; Burbridge, B.; Chatterson, L.; McKinney, V.; Babyn, P.; Mendez, I. (2020). "Telerobotic ultrasound to provide obstetrical ultrasound services remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic". Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 28 (8): 568–576. doi:10.1177/1357633X20965422. PMC   7576332 . PMID   33076753.
  37. ↑ "Neural transplantation delivery system Canadian patent #2,282,007". Archived from the original on 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
  38. ↑ "Neural transplantation delivery system US patent #7,137,969". Archived from the original on 2017-01-23. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  39. ↑ "Injection delivery system US patent #8,753,314". Archived from the original on 2017-01-23. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  40. ↑ "Injection delivery system US patent #9,067,028". Archived from the original on 2017-01-23. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  41. ↑ "Canadian Red Cross 2010 Humanitarian of the Year Award". Archived from the original on 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  42. ↑ City of Saskatoon (July 5, 2024). [chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.saskatoon.ca/sites/default/files/2023%20Queens%20Platinum%20Jubilee%20Medal%20Recipient%20List.pdf "QUEEN ELIZABETH II PLATINUM JUBILEE MEDAL RECIPIENTS 2023"] (PDF). https://www.saskatoon.ca/ . Retrieved July 5, 2024.{{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); External link in |website= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  43. ↑ "Public Service Award of Excellence 2016". 13 June 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-07.
  44. ↑ "Ottawa Citizen: From a courageous ocean rescue to using a robot to deliver health care: Awards of Excellence". Archived from the original on 2018-02-10. Retrieved 2019-01-27.
  45. ↑ "USASK News: University of Saskatchewan researcher part of public service award". Archived from the original on 2016-12-07. Retrieved 2016-12-07.
  46. ↑ "Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  47. ↑ "Dr. Ivar Mendez honoured for humanitarian work". Archived from the original on 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  48. ↑ "Hispanic Business: 10 most influential Hispanic Canadians – 2009" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  49. ↑ "Dr. John Savage Award Presented to Dr. Ivar Mendez".
  50. ↑ "1999 RCPSC Medalist in Surgery". Archived from the original on 2014-09-07. Retrieved 2014-08-25.
  51. ↑ "Publications". Archived from the original on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2014-08-15.
  52. ↑ "Solo Exhibitions". Archived from the original on 2017-02-10. Retrieved 2014-08-15.
  53. ↑ "Dr. Drake saves della Reese - Western Alumni". Archived from the original on 2018-08-14. Retrieved 2018-08-14.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.