Jadwiga Lipińska née Freyer (November 29,1932 –October 4,2009) [1] was a Polish Egyptologist.
Lipińska was the daughter of Edward Freyer and Zofia Kodis,an artist. [1] She graduated from the University of Warsaw with her masters (1956) and her doctorate (1964) as a student of Prof. Kazimierz Michalowski. [2] [3] Following her studies,she went on to work at the National Museum,Warsaw from 1958. [2] [4] [5] She began as an assistant in the Gallery of Ancient Art and by 1991,she became curator of the Gallery of Ancient Art,a position she held until she retired in 2002. [5] She also lectured at University of Warsaw,and Akademii Teologii Katolickiej in Warsaw and the University of Lodz. [2] In 1991,she was made Professor of Humanities. [2]
She was active in excavations in Egypt from 1960 until her retirement with the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology,including:
She also published on the nearby Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari,an expedition founded in 1961 by her colleague and advisor,Kazimierz Michalowski. [6] Her main excavation focus from 1961 to 1996 was the nearby Temple of Thutmose III project at Deir el-Bahari,and from 1978 to 1996,she directed the site. [5] [7] This expedition at the Temple of Hatshepsut uncovered the previously unknown Temple of Thutmose III in 1962,which she wrote her habilitation thesis on in 1977. [4] [7] She then went on to publish two volumes on the Temple of Thutmose III in 1974 and 1988. [4]
In 1982,Lipińska created and published a catalogue of the Egyptian collection in Havana. [4] [8] She also gave multiple lectures internationally. [2] A Festschrift was dedicated to Lipińska in 1997,edited by Joanna Aksamit,Essays in honour of Prof. Dr. Jadwiga Lipińska,it included essays by Helmut Satzinger,Andrzej Niwinski,Charles Van Siclen,Eleonora Kormysheva and Karol Myśliwiec,among others. [9] She was also an active member of the International Council of Museums (ICOM),particularly in the CIPEG (The International Committee of ICOM for Egyptology). [4]
She died in Warsaw on the 4th of October 2009. [1]
Lipińska published over 100 books,articles,and book chapters in Polish,French and English, [10] below are a selection of her publications:
Hatshepsut was the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Thutmose II and the fifth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt,ruling first as regent,then as queen regnant from c. 1479 BC until c. 1458 BC. She was Egypt's second certain queen regnant,the first being Sobekneferu/Nefrusobek in the Twelfth Dynasty.
The 1470s BC was a decade lasting from January 1,1479 BC to December 31,1470 BC.
Thutmose III,sometimes called Thutmose the Great,was the sixth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty. Officially,Thutmose III ruled Egypt for almost 54 years and his reign is usually dated from 28 April 1479 BC to 11 March 1425 BC,from the age of two and until his death at age fifty-six;however,during the first 22 years of his reign,he was coregent with his stepmother and aunt,Hatshepsut,who was named the pharaoh. While he was shown first on surviving monuments,both were assigned the usual royal names and insignia and neither is given any obvious seniority over the other. Thutmose served as the head of Hatshepsut's armies. During the final two years of his reign,he appointed his son and successor,Amenhotep II,as his junior co-regent. His firstborn son and heir to the throne,Amenemhat,predeceased Thutmose III.
Thutmose II was the fourth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt,and his reign is generally dated from 1493 to 1479 BC. Little is known about him and he is overshadowed by his father Thutmose I,half-sister and wife Hatshepsut,and son Thutmose III. He died around the age of 30 and his body was found in the Deir el-Bahri Cache above the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut.
Deir el-Bahari or Dayr al-Bahri is a complex of mortuary temples and tombs located on the west bank of the Nile,opposite the city of Luxor,Egypt. This is a part of the Theban Necropolis.
Tadeusz Andrzejewski (1923–1961) was a Polish archeologist and Egyptologist.
Kazimierz Józef Marian Michałowski was a Polish archaeologist and Egyptologist,art historian,member of the Polish Academy of Sciences,professor ordinarius of the University of Warsaw as well as the founder of the Polish school of Mediterranean archaeology and a precursor of Nubiology.
Mentuhotep II,also known under his prenomen Nebhepetre,was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh,the sixth ruler of the Eleventh Dynasty. He is credited with reuniting Egypt,thus ending the turbulent First Intermediate Period and becoming the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom. He reigned for 51 years,according to the Turin King List. Mentuhotep II succeeded his father Intef III on the throne and was in turn succeeded by his son Mentuhotep III.
Ahhotep I was an ancient Egyptian queen who lived circa 1560–1530 BC,during the end of the Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt. She was the daughter of Queen Tetisheri and Senakhtenre Ahmose,and was probably the sister,as well as the queen consort,of Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao ll. Ahhotep I had a long and influential life. She ruled as regent for her son Ahmose I for a time.
Senseneb was the mother of Pharaoh Thutmose I of the early New Kingdom. She only bore the title of King's mother (Mw.t-nswt) and is therefore thought to have been a commoner. Senseneb is known thanks to stele Cairo CG 34006,from Wadi Halfa,where she is shown swearing an oath of allegiance as the king's mother on the coronation of her son Thutmose I. Senseneb is also depicted on painted reliefs from the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahri.
Karol Myśliwiec is a Polish egyptologist,known for his ongoing efforts at Saqqara to discover the tomb of Imhotep.
The mortuary temple of Hatshepsut is a mortuary temple built during the reign of Pharaoh Hatshepsut of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Located opposite the city of Luxor,it is considered to be a masterpiece of ancient architecture. Its three massive terraces rise above the desert floor and into the cliffs of Deir el-Bahari. Her tomb,KV20,lies inside the same massif capped by El Qurn,a pyramid for her mortuary complex. At the edge of the desert,1 km (0.62 mi) east,connected to the complex by a causeway lies the accompanying valley temple. Across the river Nile,the whole structure points towards the monumental Eighth Pylon,Hatshepsut's most recognizable addition to the Temple of Karnak and the site from which the procession of the Beautiful Festival of the Valley departed. The temple's twin functions are identified by its axes:its main east-west axis served to receive the barque of Amun-Re at the climax of the festival,while its north-south axis represented the life cycle of the pharaoh from coronation to rebirth.
Nathalie Beaux-Grimal is a French Egyptologist,a research associate at the Collège de France and the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology in Cairo (IFAO).
The temple of Thutmose III at Deir el-Bahari is a temple in the central part of the Deir el-Bahari Valley,built on a rocky platform and thus dominating over the earlier structures:the temple of Hatshepsut and the temple of Mentuhotep Nebhepetre of the Eleventh Dynasty. The temple was built in the last decade of Tuthmosis III’s reign,i.e.,about 1435–1425 BC. It was destroyed,probably by an earthquake,at the beginning of the Twenty-first Dynasty. Fragments of walls covered with relief decoration were preserved. The building was presumably modeled on the neighboring terraced temples with pillared porticoes flanking the ramps leading to higher levels. It was called Djeser-akhet. The remains of the temple of Tuthmosis III were uncovered in the years 1962–67. The excavations were initiated by Prof. Kazimierz Michałowski,then director of the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology of the University of Warsaw in Cairo. Work was resumed in 1978 to reconstruct the decoration of the temple.
The Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw operates as an independent research institute of the University of Warsaw under the present name since 1990. It is dedicated to organizing,implementing and coordinating archaeological research,both excavations and study projects,as well as conservation,reconstruction and restoration projects,in northeastern Africa,the Near East and Cyprus. Projects include sites covering a broad chronological spectrum from the dawn of civilization through all the historic periods of the ancient Mediterranean civilizations to Late Antiquity and early Islam. Tasks beside fieldwork include comprehensive documentation of finds,archives management and publication of the results in keeping with international research standards. The PCMA manages the Research Centre in Cairo and Polish Archaeological Unit in Khartoum.
Stefan Karol Jakobielski is a Polish historian,archaeologist,philologist,epigraphist. One of the pioneers of nubiology. He participated in archaeological research in Faras,Tell Atrib,Palmyra,Deir el-Bahari and Qasr Ibrim;directed the archaeological works at Old Dongola.
The Research Centre in Cairo,Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw, is the only Polish scientific research institution in Africa and the Middle East,where it has operated since 1959 in Cairo. The mission of the Research Centre is to develop and expand Polish research in the region,particularly in the Nile Valley. It is operated by the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology,an independent research institute of the University of Warsaw. The PCMA Cairo Research Centre is located in two buildings situated in close proximity to one another in the Cairo Heliopolis district —in antiquity the centre of a religious cult and the location of the Egypt's reputedly largest temple.
Barbara Ruszczyc (1928–2001) was a Polish Egyptologist and art historian. She was curator at the Department of Ancient Art at the National Museum in Warsaw from 1973 to 1990. In 1987,Ruszczyc was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.
Myriam Seco Álvarez is a Spanish archaeologist and Egyptologist. A distinguished authority in those fields,the author of several reference books,and responsible for excavations in the Middle East and Egypt,she has launched and directed important archaeological projects,including the excavation and restoration of the mortuary temple of Pharaoh Thutmose III. The so-called "Spanish Indiana Jones",she has had a prolific professional career and a broad international presence.
North Asasif –is a part of the Theban Necropolis located on the bottom and sides of the valley,along the processional ways leading to the royal temples in Deir el-Bahari:temples of Mentuhotep II,Hatshepsut,and Thutmose III. It encompasses private tombs dating from the Middle Kingdom to the Ptolemaic period. Evidence has been found of strong ties between Asasif and Deir el-Bahari through the ages.
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