The Jakarta Flood Canal (Indonesian : Kanal Banjir Jakarta) refers to two canals that divert floods from rivers around Jakarta instead of going through the city. This first flood control channel was designed by Hendrik van Breen, an engineer working for the Dutch East Indian Department van Burgelijke Openbare Werken (BOW—lit. Department of Public Civil Works, currently the Ministry of Public Works), after a big flood hit the city on 13 February 1918. [1]
With help of Netherlands Engineering Consultants, the "Master Plan for Drainage and Flood Control of Jakarta" was published in December 1973. According to this plan, flood control of Jakarta would revolve around two canals encircling the city.
The canals divert the water flowing from the south around the city and into the sea. These canals are known as West Flood Canal and East Flood Canal. Other measures to control floods in Jakarta include reservoirs and pumps in areas below sea level. [2] This system was built in 1983.[ citation needed ]
The West Flood Canal (Indonesian : Kanal Banjir Barat/KBB, sometimes erroneously spelled as Banjir Kanal Barat/BKB) marked the southern boundary of the Menteng residential area. The flood canal was included in the 1918 Batavia city plan and constructed in 1919. [3] It runs from the floodgate in Manggarai, via Pasar Rumput, Dukuh Atas, Karet Kubur, Tanah Abang, Tomang, Grogol, and Pademangan to the sea at Muara Angke. Another floodgate is located in Karet. [2] A still existing bronze plaque on the Manggarai floodgate honours Van Breen and commemorates the canal's first use in diverting the flood of 1919. [4]
In the 1973 master plan, a system of canals was planned to cut to the flow of water in West Jakarta. This was a continuation of Van Breen's canal and would later be known as the West Flood Canal. The construction was delayed by problems in clearing the heavily populated area. After a flood in January 1979, the central government and the provincial government of Jakarta revised the West Flood Canal plan by the construction of the Cengkareng drainage system. [2]
The 23.6 km East Flood Canal (Indonesian : Kanal Banjir Timur/KBT, sometimes erroneously spelled as Banjir Kanal Timur/BKT) flows from East Jakarta to North Jakarta. [5] The width of the canal varies from 100 to 300 m. [5] Construction began on 22 June 2002, [5] but has been delayed due to problems in clearing the area. [6] The East Flood Canal is diverting the Ciliwung River, Cipinang River, Sunter River, Buaran River, Jati Kramat River, and Cakung River. [5]
During the 2013 Jakarta Flood, the East Flood Canal was still not connected to the Ciliwung River. The government connects the two via a tunnel. [7] The tunnel construction was started in 2013. Due to land clearing problems, the project was halted in 2015. Six years later, the tunnel construction was eventually continued and finished in 2023. The Ciliwung ‐ East Flood Canal tunnel was inaugurated by President Joko Widodo on 31 July 2023. [8] [9] With the tunnel itself and other supporting projects such as Cimahi and Sukamahi dry dams in Bogor and the completion of the Ciliwung river normalization, it is expected that all those projects are able to reduce flooding in Jakarta up to 62%. [8]
The Ciliwung is a 119 km long river in the northwestern region of Java where it flows through two provinces, West Java and the special region of Jakarta. The natural estuary of the Ciliwung, known as the Kali Besar, was an important strategic point for trade in the precolonial and colonial periods and was instrumental in the founding of the port city of Jakarta, but has been lost from a reorganization of the watercourse of the rivers around the area into canals.
Pasar Minggu is a district in the administrative city of South Jakarta, Indonesia. The area is known for its traditional Sunday market, famous for the fruit market. Historically, Pasar Minggu is a fruit cultivation area developed by the Dutch government during the colonial period. The central point of the cultivation area is the traditional market of Pasar Minggu, located in what is now the lower-division Pasar Minggu subdistrict. Teak forest could also be found in the Pasar Minggu district, notably around the Jati Padang subdistrict. Most of these areas have been converted into residential areas as Jakarta grows southward.
Tebet is a district in the administrative city of South Jakarta, Indonesia. The boundaries of Tebet are Jend. Gatot Subroto-Letjen Haryono MT. tollway to the south, Ciliwung River to the east, Jalan Casablanca - Ciliwung River to the north, and Cideng River to the west. This district is home to SMA Negeri 8 Jakarta
Cilincing is a historic neighborhood and administrative district (kecamatan) on the coast of North Jakarta Administrative City, Indonesia. It is sandwiched between the Port of Tanjung Priok to the west and River Titram to the east. Cilincing has been for some decades one of the districts of North Jakarta which in turn encompasses as far as Marunda and some non-coastal hinterland.
Kota Tua Jakarta, officially known as Kota Tua, is a neighborhood comprising the original downtown area of Jakarta, Indonesia. It is also known as Oud Batavia, Benedenstad, or Kota Lama.
Jalan H.R. Rasuna Said or Jalan Rasuna Said is one of the main avenues of Jakarta, Indonesia. It was constructed during the 1970s. It is located in the Golden Triangle of Jakarta. The road was named after Hajjah Rangkayo Rasuna Said, a National Hero of Indonesia. The road runs 4.9 km (3.0 mi) from Setiabudi, South Jakarta, to Tendean, Mampang Prapatan, South Jakarta. The Rasuna Said Street is also one of the Odd–even Traffic Restriction Scheme implementation zones.
Flooding in Jakarta occurs on the northwest coast of Java, at the mouth of the Ciliwung River on Jakarta Bay, which is an inlet of the Java Sea and has happened recently in 1996, 1999, 2007, 2013, and 2020.
The Angke River is a 91.25-kilometre (56.70 mi) long river in Jakarta, Indonesia. The river flows from the Bogor area of West Java, passing through the cities of Tangerang (Banten) and Jakarta into the Java Sea via the Cengkareng Drain. The river is connected with the Cisadane River by the Mookervaart Canal.
Batavia Castle was a fort located at the mouth of Ciliwung River in Jakarta. Batavia Castle was the administrative center of Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Asia.
The Mookervaart River is a canal connecting the Cisadane River in Tangerang and Kali Angke in Jakarta. Constructed from 1678 to 1689, this 25–30 meter wide channel is one of the important flood control water channels in Jakarta.
The Krukut River is a river flowing in Jakarta originating in Bogor Regency. In the past the river was clean and one of the tourist attractions during the Dutch East Indies administration, but due to denser housing on the banks and lack of maintenance, the water turned dark and filled with trash, causing routine flooding in rainy seasons.
The Jatikramat River is a river in Bekasi, West Java, and the eastern part of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia. The lower portions of the original river have been channelized and directed into the eastern flood canal, "Banjir Kanal Timur", which continues to flow to the Java Sea in the district of Marunda, Cilincing, North Jakarta. The river regularly causes flooding in the city of Bekasi and Jakarta.
Cakung River is a river in the Bekasi, West Java, and the eastern part of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia. The lower portions of the original river have been channelized and directed into the eastern flood canal, "Banjir Kanal Timur", which continues to flow to the Java Sea in the district of Marunda, Cilincing, North Jakarta. The river regularly causes flooding in the cities of Bekasi and Jakarta.
The Buaran River is a river flowing in the Bekasi, West Java, and the eastern part of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia. The lower portions of the original river have been channelized and directed into the eastern flood canal, "Banjir Kanal Timur", which continues to flow to the Java Sea in the district of Marunda, Cilincing, North Jakarta. The river regularly causes flooding in the cities of Bekasi and Jakarta.
The Cipinang River is a river in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia. The Cipinang River is a tributary of the Sunter River, conjoining near I Gusti Ngurah Rai Street and Cipinang Muara Ilir Street, Jakarta, but in the middle, it is cut by the beginning of Banjir Kanal Timur, near Cipinang Besar Selatan Street and IPN Street, Jakarta. The river flows mainly in the district of Makassar, East Jakarta, with many houses built on both banks.
Baru Timur River is a man-made canal flowing from Ci Liwung in Bogor Regency to Jakarta, Indonesia. It was one of two canals built in the 18th century under the order of Governor-General Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff originally to transport agricultural harvest from Bogor to Batavia. Currently, both canals, now known as Kali Baru Timur and Kali Baru Barat, are among the main rivers in Jakarta, and part of the Ciliwung Cisadane flood control project. Baru Timur River flows from the Katulampa flood gate, built at the same time as the canal, along the major road Bogor Highway, passing Cimanggis, Depok, Cilangkap, until reaching the Java Sea in Kali Besar, Tanjung Priok, North Jakarta.
The Baru Barat River is a man-made canal flowing from the Cisadane River in Bogor Regency to Jakarta, Indonesia. It was one of two canals built in the 18th century under the order of the Governor-General Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff, the other being the Baru Timur River. Both canals were originally built to transport agricultural harvests from Bogor to Batavia. They are among the main rivers in Jakarta, and part of the Ciliwung Cisadane flood control project. The Baru Barat River flows through the districts of Pancoran and Tebet in South Jakarta and drains into the Banjir Kanal Barat.
Alwi Shahab was an Indonesian journalist for more than 40 years who mainly focused on Jakarta's socio-cultural problems. His career began in 1960 as a journalist at the Arabian Press Board news agency in Jakarta.
Flash floods occurred throughout the Indonesian capital of Jakarta and its metropolitan area on the early hours of 1 January 2020, due to the overnight rain which dumped nearly 400 millimetres (15 in) of rainwater, causing the Ciliwung and Cisadane rivers to overflow. At least 66 people have been killed, and 60,000 displaced in the worst flooding in the area since 2007.
The Rajawali–Cikampek railway is a railway line that connects Rajawali Station and Cikampek Station. This route crosses two provinces with 5 regencies or cities, namely Jakarta and West Java. This line is one of the busiest intercity lines in Indonesia and since the 1920s it has been a double track and has been electrified since 1992.