James M. Turner (physicist)

Last updated

James Marshall Turner
Turner-1.png
Turner in 2010
Born
Alma mater Johns Hopkins University (BA)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (PhD)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
Institutions Southern University
Morehouse College
United States Department of Energy
National Institute of Standards and Technology
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Thesis An examination of magnetohydrodynamic discontinuities in the solar wind and an investigation of their origin  (1971)

James Marshall Turner is an American physicist and retired government official. Over the course of his career, he served as Director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of International Affairs and as deputy director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. [1]

Contents

Turner was also a founding member of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Black Students' Union. [2]

Early life and education

James Turner was raised in Washington, D.C., and attended Gonzaga College High School. He completed his undergraduate studies at Johns Hopkins University, and received his doctorate in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [3]

While at MIT, Turner was a co-founder and one of the first co-chairs of the university's Black Students' Union, along with fellow students Charles Kidwell, Shirley Ann Jackson, Ronald E. Mickens, Sekazi Mtingwa, Jennifer Rudd, Nathan Seely, and Linda Sharpe. In 1968, the group issued the following demands to the MIT administration: "an increase in the number of black students and staff, as well as support for these students; the formation of a pre-freshman summer program (Project Interphase); and the development of a Task Force on Educational Opportunity." [4] [2]

Career

After completing his doctoral studies, Turner was on the faculty of Southern University and Morehouse College in the physics department. At Morehouse, he was an Associate Professor of Physics and Engineering for five years beginning in 1973. [5] As a professor there, he was advisor to the college's chapter of the Sigma Pi Sigma student society. [6] During this time, he was also a member of the Committee on Opportunities in Science for the American Association for the Advancement of Science, as well as on similar committees for the American Geophysical Union and the American Meteorological Society. [7]

Turner subsequently began a career in federal government that would last 37 years. He served as Senior Executive Service and served as the Assistant Deputy Administrator for Nuclear Risk Reduction in the Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration. He also served as a deputy director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology beginning in April 2007; [8] and was later director in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Office of International Affairs and Senior Adviser to the NOAA Administrator. He retired from the NOAA in 2013.

Turner is a member of numerous professional organizations, including the American Physical Society, the American Chemical Society, the American Nuclear Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, ASTM, the Council on Foreign Relations, IEEE, Phi Beta Kappa, and Sigma Xi. [8] He is currently director of the Daniel Alexander Payne Community Development Corporation Percy Julian Institute. [9]

Awards

Personal life

Turner is married and has three children and five grandchildren. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walter E. Massey</span> Physicist, American businessman, college president

Walter Eugene Massey is an American educator, physicist, and executive. President Emeritus of both the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC), and of Morehouse College, he is chairman of the board overseeing construction of the Giant Magellan Telescope. During his long career, Massey has served as head of the National Science Foundation, director of Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), chairman of Bank of America, and as trustee chair of the City Colleges of Chicago. He has also served in professorial and administrative posts at the University of California, University of Chicago, Brown University, and the University of Illinois.

Paul Edward Gray was the 14th president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is known for his accomplishments in promoting engineering education, practice, and leadership at MIT and in the world at large.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hans Mark</span> American government official (1929–2021)

Hans Michael Mark was a German-born American government official who served as Secretary of the Air Force and as a Deputy Administrator of NASA. He was an expert and consultant in aerospace design and national defense policy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology</span> White House advisory board

The President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) is a council, chartered in each administration with a broad mandate to advise the president of the United States on science and technology. The current PCAST was established by Executive Order 13226 on September 30, 2001, by George W. Bush, was re-chartered by Barack Obama's April 21, 2010, Executive Order 13539, by Donald Trump's October 22, 2019, Executive Order 13895, and by Joe Biden's February 1, 2021, Executive Order 14007.

Robert Loren Jaffe is an American physicist and the Jane and Otto Morningstar Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He was formerly director of the MIT Center for Theoretical Physics.

James Ross Macdonald, son of John Elwood Macdonald and Antonina Jones Hansell, was born on 27 February 1923 in Savannah, GA and died at the Carolina Meadows retirement community, Chapel Hill, NC on 30 March 2024. He was an American physicist, who was instrumental in building up the Central Research laboratories of Texas Instruments (TI).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ernest Moniz</span> 13th United States Secretary of Energy

Ernest Jeffrey Moniz, GCIH is an American nuclear physicist and former government official. From May 2013 to January 2017, he served as the 13th United States secretary of energy in the Obama administration. Prior to this, Moniz served as associate director for science in the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of the President of the United States from 1995 to 1997 and undersecretary of energy from 1997 to 2001 during the Clinton administration. He is currently the co-chair and CEO of the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), as well as president and CEO of the Energy Futures Initiative (EFI), a nonprofit organization funded by the natural gas industry that works on climate and energy technology issues, which he co-founded in 2017.

Leon Pape was a medical physicist who received his BSc, MSc (1953) and PhD (1965) in Physics from the University of Southern California. He became certified in radiological physics by the American Board of Radiology and from 1955 to 1962 he worked as a radiological physicist at the Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles. He served at the California State University Los Angeles as radiation safety officer and as professor of physics until 1971, and worked on the development of studies in biophysics, radiological health physics, and electron microscopy. He was elevated to departmental head of physics at Cal State Los Angeles, and advocated with the California legislature to secure adequate funding for the 4-MeV Van de Graaf Laboratory, unique to CSU system. From 1971 until his death he worked at the August Krogh Institute at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, in the zoophysiological laboratory. His central research area was membrane biophysics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marcia Bartusiak</span> American writer, journalist, and academic

Marcia F. Bartusiak is an author, journalist, and Professor of the Practice Emeritus of the Graduate Program in Science Writing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Trained in both communications and physics, she writes about the fields of astronomy and physics. Bartusiak has been published in National Geographic, Discover, Astronomy, Sky & Telescope, Science, Popular Science, World Book Encyclopedia, Smithsonian, and MIT Technology Review. The author of seven books, she is also a columnist for Natural History magazine.

Francis Lee Friedman was a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Warren Elliot Henry</span> American physicist (1909–2001)

Warren Elliot Henry was an American physicist, a Fellow of the American Physical Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science for his work in the fields of magnetism and superconductivity. He made significant contributions to the advancement of science and technology and education, training and mentoring several generations of physicists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roderic I. Pettigrew</span> American medical imaging scientist and physician

Roderic Ivan Pettigrew is an American physicist, engineer, and physician who is CEO of EnHealth and Executive Dean for EnMed at Texas A&M University. From 2002-November 2017, he was the founding director of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He is a pioneer and world expert in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Ciara Sivels is an American nuclear engineer at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. She was the first black woman to earn a Ph.D. in nuclear engineering from the University of Michigan. She was named an IF/THEN Ambassador in 2019 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Willie Rockward</span> American academic

Willie S. Rockward is a physics professor and has served as the chair of the department of physics and engineering physics at Morgan State University since August 2018. His research interests include Micro/Nano Optics Lithography, Extreme Ultraviolet Interferometry, Metamaterials, Terahertz imaging, Nanostructure Characterization, and Crossed Phase Optics. From 2018 to 2020 he was the president of the National Society of Black Physicists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfred Msezane</span>

Alfred Zakhele Msezane is a South African physicist. He is a professor in the Department of Physics at Clark Atlanta University, and the Founding Director of the Center for Theoretical Studies of Physical Systems. His research is primarily in theoretical atomic physics and condensed matter theory. He also carries out research in mathematical physics, and image processing.

James Edward Young is an American physicist who was the first black tenured faculty member in the Department of Physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was a founding member of the National Society of Black Physicists and a mentor for Shirley Ann Jackson.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Julia Phillips (physicist)</span> American physicist

Julia Mae Phillips is an American physicist. She began her career in materials research on thin films on semiconductors and has transitioned into leadership roles in science policy. She currently serves on the National Science Board.

Aviva Brecher is a Romanian-American applied physicist and transportation scientist who studied magnetic levitation for many years at the John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, a research center of the United States Department of Transportation.

Michael Duryea Williams is an American physicist, professor at Clark Atlanta University, and current president of the AVS: Science and Technology of Materials, Interfaces, and Processing. He is the first African American president of AVS.

Steven Leslie Richardson is an American physicist and professor of electrical engineering. He is currently a professor emeritus at Howard University, a co-principal investigator in the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Integrated Quantum Materials, and a Faculty Associate in Applied Physics in the John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard University.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Conyers, Grace (November 20, 2013). "James Turner: 5 things about a senior scientist". American Association for the Advancement of Science . Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  2. 1 2 Waugh, Alice (October 30, 2018). "The BSU at 50". MIT News. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  3. "Spotlight on Commerce: Dr. James Turner, Director of the Office of International Affairs". United States Department of Commerce . February 27, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  4. Salih, Waayl Ahmad (July 21, 2017). "Reflections of an MIT Student Activist". BAMIT Review. Black Alumni of MIT. Retrieved May 22, 2023 via Medium.
  5. "400 Freshmen, 9 New Profs At Morehouse". New York Amsterdam News . September 22, 1973. p. B9. ProQuest   226656416.
  6. "Morehouse College Students Present Scientific Papers". Atlanta Daily World . December 23, 1976. p. 6. ProQuest   491477441.
  7. "Physics Papers Of Morehouse Professor". Atlanta Daily World . March 2, 1976. p. 5. ProQuest   491460569.
  8. 1 2 Wallechinsky, David. "AllGov - Officials". AllGov. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  9. 1 2 Triplin, Jamie; Pope-Johns, Imani (September 9, 2019). "Howard University Graduate School to Host the 2019 Annual Edward Bouchet National Graduate Forum, Sept 11-12". The Dig. Howard University . Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  10. 1 2 3 "Colloquium Topic: African-American Technological Contributions: Past, Present, and Future". Applied Physics Laboratory . Johns Hopkins University. February 20, 2008. Retrieved May 22, 2023.