Related Research Articles
Development economics is a branch of economics that deals with economic aspects of the development process in low- and middle- income countries. Its focus is not only on methods of promoting economic development,economic growth and structural change but also on improving the potential for the mass of the population,for example,through health,education and workplace conditions,whether through public or private channels.
In economics,internationalization or internationalisation is the process of increasing involvement of enterprises in international markets,although there is no agreed definition of internationalization. Internationalization is a crucial strategy not only for companies that seek horizontal integration globally but also for countries that addresses the sustainability of its development in different manufacturing as well as service sectors especially in higher education which is a very important context that needs internationalization to bridge the gap between different cultures and countries. There are several internationalization theories which try to explain why there are international activities.
Organizational theory refers to a series of interrelated concepts that involve the sociological study of the structures and operations of formal social organizations. Organizational theory also seeks to explain how interrelated units of organization either connect or do not connect with each other. Organizational theory also concerns understanding how groups of individuals behave,which may differ from the behavior of an individual. The behavior organizational theory often focuses on is goal-directed. Organizational theory covers both intra-organizational and inter-organizational fields of study.
Wolfgang Drechsler is a Public Administration and Management,Innovation Policy and Political Philosophy scholar. He is Professor of Governance,and one of the founders and directors of the Technology Governance program,at the Tallinn University of Technology,Tallinn,Estonia,where between 2010 and 2016 he also served as Vice Dean for International Relations at its Faculty of Social Sciences. Since 2017,he is also affiliated with Harvard University,as a Davis Center Associate and for six years a member of the center’s Advisory Board,and since 2019,with University College London,where he is Honorary Professor at the Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose (IIPP) and Principal Investigator of the John Templeton Foundation "Islamic Public Value" project.
International economics is concerned with the effects upon economic activity from international differences in productive resources and consumer preferences and the international institutions that affect them. It seeks to explain the patterns and consequences of transactions and interactions between the inhabitants of different countries,including trade,investment and transaction.
Articles in economics journals are usually classified according to JEL classification codes,which derive from the Journal of Economic Literature. The JEL is published quarterly by the American Economic Association (AEA) and contains survey articles and information on recently published books and dissertations. The AEA maintains EconLit,a searchable data base of citations for articles,books,reviews,dissertations,and working papers classified by JEL codes for the years from 1969. A recent addition to EconLit is indexing of economics journal articles from 1886 to 1968 parallel to the print series Index of Economic Articles.
The gravity model of international trade in international economics is a model that,in its traditional form,predicts bilateral trade flows based on the economic sizes and distance between two units. Research shows that there is "overwhelming evidence that trade tends to fall with distance."
Maurice Kugler is a Colombian American economist born in 1967. He received his Ph.D. in economics from UC Berkeley in 2000,as well as an M.Sc. (Econ) and a B.Sc. (Econ) both from the London School of Economics. Kugler is professor of public policy in the Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University. Prior to this,he worked as a consultant for the World Bank,where he was senior economist before (2010-2012). Most recently he was principal research scientist and managing director at IMPAQ International.
Oded Galor is an Israeli-American economist who is currently Herbert H. Goldberger Professor of Economics at Brown University. He is the founder of unified growth theory.
Economics of corruption deals with the misuse of public power for private benefit and its economic impact on society. Economies that are afflicted by a high level of corruption are not capable of prospering as fully as those with a low level of corruption. Also,economies that are corrupted are not able to function properly since the natural laws of the economy can not function freely. As a consequence,corruption,for instance,leads to an inefficient allocation of resources,poor education,and healthcare or the presence of a shadow economy,a kind of economy that includes illegal activities as well as unreported income from the production of legal goods and services for which taxes should be paid,but are not.
Bureaucracy is a body of non-elected governing officials or an administrative policy-making group. Historically,a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. Today,bureaucracy is the administrative system governing any large institution,whether publicly owned or privately owned. The public administration in many jurisdictions and sub-jurisdictions exemplifies bureaucracy,but so does any centralized hierarchical structure of an institution,e.g. hospitals,academic entities,business firms,professional societies,social clubs,etc.
Elise Scheiner Brezis,professor of economics at Bar-Ilan University,is the director of the Azrieli Center for Economic Policy. She has been the head of the Statistics division at the Research Department in the Bank of Israel,and from 1999 to 2003,she was the president of the Israeli Association for the Study of European Integration. She holds a PhD in economics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1989).
Finn Tarp is a Danish professor of development economics at the University of Copenhagen and former director of UNU-WIDER (2009-2018),Helsinki,Finland.
Ludger Wößmann is a German economist and professor of economics at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU). Moreover,being one of the world's foremost education economists,he is the director of the ifo Center for the Economics of Education at the ifo Institute. Beyond the economics of education,his research interests also include economic growth and economic history. In 2014,Wößmann's empirical research on the effects of education and his corresponding contribution to public debate were awarded the Gossen Prize,followed by the Gustav Stolper Prize in 2017.
Nathan Nunn is an economist and Professor in the Vancouver School of Economics at the University of British Columbia. He is best known for his research on the long-term effects of slave trade on Africa. His research interests include economic development,cultural economics,political economy and international trade.
Francis Kramarz is a French economist who works as Professor at the École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique (ENSAE),where he has been directing the Center for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST). He is one of the leading labour economists in France.
Thierry Mayer is a French economist and Professor of Economics at Sciences Po. He belongs to the most frequently-cited economists in the field of international trade. In 2006,Mayer and Etienne Wasmer were awarded the Best Young Economist of France Award by Cercle des économistes and Le Monde.
Gianmarco Ireo Paolo Ottaviano is an Italian economist and Professor of Economics at Bocconi University.
Raghbendra Jha was an Indian economist and an academic who was a professor emeritus in the Arndt-Corden Department of Economics at the Crawford School of Public Policy at Australian National University. Jha's research focused on public economics,macroeconomics,development economics,and the economy of India. He has authored and edited numerous books,including Macroeconomics for Developing Countries,Modern Public Economics,Facets of India’s Economy and Her Society,Environmental Sustainability:A Consumption Approach,and Macroeconomics for Development:Prognosis and Prospects and several others.
James R. Markusen is an American economist,academic,and author. He is Distinguished Professor (emeritus) at the University of Colorado,Boulder.
References
- 1 2 3 "James E. Rauch – Department of Economics".
- 1 2 "Google Scholar".
- 1 2 "Networks and Markets".
- 1 2 "The Economics of the Middle East: A Comparative Approach".
- ↑ "CESifo Network Member Directory".
- ↑ "James E. Rauch – NBER".
- ↑ "The missing links : formation and decay of economic networks".
- ↑ "Insight Turkey".
- ↑ "Egypt: An Economic Growth Success, yet a Health Failure?".
- ↑ "Client-Based Entrepreneurship".
- ↑ "Dynastic entrepreneurship, entry, and non-compete enforcement".
- ↑ "Comparative Advantage, Geographic Advantage, and the Volume of Trade".
- ↑ "Does History Matter Only When It Matters Little? The Case of City-Industry Location".
- ↑ "Productivity Gains from Geographic Concentration of Human Capital: Evidence from the Cities".
- ↑ "Bureaucracy, Infrastructure, and Economic Growth: Evidence from U.S. Cities During the Progressive Era".
- ↑ "Bureaucracy and Growth: A Cross-National Analysis of the Effects of "Weberian" State Structures on Economic Growth".
- ↑ "Bureaucratic structure and bureaucratic performance in less developed countries".
- ↑ "Leadership selection, internal promotion, and bureaucratic corruption in less developed polities".
- ↑ "Trade and Search: Social Capital, Sogo Shosha, and Spillovers".
- ↑ "Networks versus markets in international trade".
- ↑ "Business and Social Networks in International Trade".
- ↑ "Ethnic Chinese Networks in International Trade".
- ↑ "Overcoming Informational Barriers to International Resource Allocation: Prices and Ties".
- ↑ "Local couple seeks peace in the Mid-East".