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The Bible is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, the Baha'i Faith, and other Abrahamic religions. The Bible is an anthology originally written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Koine Greek. These texts include instructions, stories, poetry, and prophecies, among other genres. The collection of materials that are accepted as part of the Bible by a particular religious tradition or community is called a biblical canon. Believers in the Bible generally consider it to be a product of divine inspiration, but the way they understand what that means and interpret the text varies.
The Diatessaron is the most prominent early gospel harmony. It was created in the Syriac language by Tatian, an Assyrian early Christian apologist and ascetic. Tatian sought to combine all the textual material he found in the four gospels - Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John - into a single coherent narrative of Jesus's life and death. However, and in contradistinction to most later gospel harmonists, Tatian appears not to have been motivated by any aspiration to validate the four separate canonical gospel accounts; or to demonstrate that, as they stood, they could each be shown as being without inconsistency or error.
The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites. The second division of Christian Bibles is the New Testament, written in Koine Greek.
The Septuagint, sometimes referred to as the Greek Old Testament or The Translation of the Seventy, and often abbreviated as LXX, is the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the original Hebrew. The full Greek title derives from the story recorded in the Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates that "the laws of the Jews" were translated into the Greek language at the request of Ptolemy II Philadelphus by seventy-two Hebrew translators—six from each of the Twelve Tribes of Israel.
The Book of Jubilees, sometimes called Lesser Genesis or Leptogenesis, is an ancient Jewish apocryphal text of 50 chapters, considered canonical by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church as well as Beta Israel, where it is known as the Book of Division. Jubilees is considered one of the pseudepigrapha by the Eastern Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant churches. Apart from the Beta Israel community, the book is not considered canonical within any of the denominations of Judaism.
Edouard Guillaume Eugène Reuss was a Protestant theologian from Alsace.
The Bible has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. As of September 2023 all of the Bible has been translated into 736 languages, the New Testament has been translated into an additional 1,658 languages, and smaller portions of the Bible have been translated into 1,264 other languages according to Wycliffe Global Alliance. Thus, at least some portions of the Bible have been translated into 3,658 languages.
Charles Paul Marie Sabatier, was a French clergyman and historian who produced the first modern biography of St. Francis of Assisi. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times.
4 Maccabees, also called the Fourth Book of Maccabees and possibly originally known as On the Sovereignty of Reason, is a book written in Koine Greek, likely in the 1st or early 2nd century. It is a homily or philosophic discourse praising the supremacy of pious reason over passion. It is a work that combines Hellenistic Judaism with influence from Greek philosophy, particularly the school of Stoicism.
Pierre Palmade is a French actor, comedian, stage director and playwright.
In contrast to the variety of absolute or personal names of God in the Old Testament, the New Testament uses only two, according to the International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia. From the 20th century onwards, "a number of scholars find various evidence for the name [YHWH or related form] in the New Testament.
Bibliolatry is the worship of a book, idolatrous homage to a book, or the deifying of a book. It is a form of idolatry. The sacred texts of some religions disallow icon worship, but over time the texts themselves are treated as sacred the way idols are, and believers may end up effectively worshipping the book. Bibliolatry extends claims of inerrancy—hence perfection—to the texts, precluding theological innovation, evolving development, or progress. Bibliolatry can lead to revivalism, disallows re-probation, and can lead to persecution of unpopular doctrines.
The Tetragrammaton, or the Tetragram, is the four-letter Hebrew theonym יהוה, the name of God in the Hebrew Bible. The four letters, written and read from right to left, are yodh, he, waw, and he. The name may be derived from a verb that means "to be", "to exist", "to cause to become", or "to come to pass". While there is no consensus about the structure and etymology of the name, the form Yahweh is now accepted almost universally, though the vocalization Jehovah continues to have wide usage.
Dura Parchment 24, designated as Uncial 0212, is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. The manuscript has been assigned to the 3rd century, palaeographically, though an earlier date cannot be excluded. It contains some unusual orthographic features, which have been found nowhere else.
Loren T. Stuckenbruck is a historian of early Christianity and Second Temple Judaism, currently professor of New Testament at the University of Munich, in Germany. His work has exerted a significant impact on the field.
A biblical canon is a set of texts which a particular Jewish or Christian religious community regards as part of the Bible.
Rémi Gounelle is a French protestant theologian, a professor of history of early Christianity at the Faculté de théologie protestante de Strasbourg and dean of that same faculty since 2010.
Aramaic studies are scientific studies of the Aramaic languages and literature. As a specific field within Semitic studies, Aramaic studies are closely related to similar disciplines, like Hebraic studies and Arabic studies.
Charles Thomas Robert Hayward is a British academic and convicted sex offender. He had been Professor of Hebrew in the Department of Theology and Religion at Durham University.
Robert Frederick Shedinger is an American Professor of Religion at Luther College (Iowa) and he was the Chair of the Department of Religion from 2008-2011.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bland, Archie; Henley, Jon (22 June 2020). "Oxford professor sentenced to jail in France over child abuse images". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- 1 2 "Bas-Rhin. Un professeur de théologie condamné pour détention d'images pédopornographiques". Ouest France (in French). 19 June 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- ↑ "Statement regarding Professor Jan Joosten". Faculty of Oriental Studies. University of Oxford. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
- ↑ "Regius Professor of Hebrew, Oxford University: Jan Joosten". Press release. GOV.UK. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
- ↑ "Oxford professor sentenced to jail in France over child abuse images". TheGuardian.com . 22 June 2020.
- ↑ "List of past professors". Protestant Faculty of Theology, Strasbourg.
- 1 2 3 "Christ Church, Oxford: Update regarding Professor Jan Joosten" . Retrieved 3 July 2020.
- 1 2 Bland & Henley (22 June 2020). "Oxford professor sentenced to jail in France over child abuse images". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
- ↑ "Curriculum vitae of Joosten" (PDF). Strasbourg Protestant Faculty of Theology.
- ↑ Wolfgang Kraus; Michaël N. van der Meer; Martin Meiser, eds. (2016). XV Congress of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies: Munich, 2013. Vol. 64. SBL Press. ISBN 9780884141617.
- ↑ Heslop, Lewis (22 June 2020). "Christ Church professor sentenced to jail over child abuse images". The Oxford Blue. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ↑ "Wasselonne. Un professeur d'université condamné pour détention d'images pédopornographiques".
- 1 2 3 "Un théologien protestant, Jan Joosten, condamné pour détention de photos pédophiles". Reforme.net (in French). 23 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- ↑ "France jails Oxford University professor over child pornography".
