Jardines del Pedregal (English: Rocky Gardens) or simply El Pedregal (full name: El Pedregal de San Angel) is an upscale residential colonia (neighborhood) in southern Mexico City hosting some of the richest families of Mexico. It is also known as the home to the biggest mansion in the city. Its borders are San Jerónimo Avenue and Ciudad Universitaria to the north, Insurgentes Avenue to the east and Periférico to the south and west. Its 510 hectares (1,250 acres) were a major real estate project undertaken by Mexican modernist architect Luis Barragán.
When it was originally developed, in the mid-1940s in the lava fields of the Pedregal de San Ángel, it was probably the biggest urban development the city had seen. The first house to be built here was the studio and home of architect Max Cetto.
The area has changed significantly since its original development. Although its modernist spirit and original elements of ecosystem protection are gone, critics have described its original houses and gardens as a turning point in Mexican architecture. Some of the old modernist houses have been catalogued as part of Mexico's national patrimony.
The Pedregal lava fields were formed by the eruption of the Xitle volcano around 5000 BC, but there are documented eruptions until 400 AD.
The area near what is currently el Pedregal, called Cuicuilco, has been inhabited since ca. 1700 BC. Around 300 BC, the area contained what was probably the biggest city in the Valley of Mexico at the time. Its importance started to decline around the 100 BC and was completely empty by 400 AD.
In the mid-1940s Luis Barragán began a project to urbanize the area and protect its ecosystem. Barragán had the idea of developing El Pedregal promoting the harmony between architecture and landscape. The first structures built on the site were the Plaza de las Fuentes, or Plaza of the Fountains, the demonstration gardens and demonstration houses by Barragán and Max Cetto. Other famous architects that contributed to the development of Pedregal include: Francisco Artigas, Enrique Castañeda Tamborrell, José María Buendía, Antonio Attolini, Fernando Ponce Pino, Óscar Urrutia and Manuel Rosen.“Los Jardines del Pedregal de San Ángel, un legado de la modernidad arquitectónica 1947-1962”
El Pedregal's original main entrance, the Plaza de las Fuentes, was completed by the second half of 1949, and was located at the intersection of Fuentes and San Jerónimo avenues. The only remaining element of the plaza is the magnificent concrete Animal del Pedregal a sculpture by Mathias Goeritz, inspired by a prehistoric animal figure etched into the rocks of the Pedregal.
The Model Gardens were designed by Luis Barragán for public inspection and planned as models for the development of private space.
The Casas Muestra were intended for publicity and sales purposes. The first one was built in 1950 according to the project by Max Cetto in collaboration with Luis Barragán (Av. Fuentes 130). Next to it, on Av. Las Fuentes 140, followed the home acquired by the painter Roberto Berdecio and designed by Max Cetto in 1951. [1] Along with these residences, the Model Gardens were intended to entice prospective buyers and demonstrate the Pedregal's potential as a site for garden-homes. They were to illustrate Barragán's idea of correct building, promoting the sort of harmony between architecture and landscape that Barragán desired. Occupying about 7.4 acres (30,000 m2), these gardens were enclosed by volcanic-stone walls and iron fences and entered through metal or rough-hewn wood gates.
During summer evenings in the 1950s, classic Spanish plays, produced by Barragán and the painter and sculptor Juan Soriano, were performed here for the general public.
Although some of the original modernist residences still remain a lot of the original architecture has been substituted by more ostentatious structures. Because the original houses were built in large plots, some have been converted to horizontal condominiums or now house schools.
The Plaza de las Fuentes has been almost completely destroyed and large new office buildings now crowd it on either side, it is no longer the main entrance but just an exit street from El Pedregal.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2016) |
Private schools:
One of the city's main suburban commercial, office and retail districts lines the Anillo Periférico freeway in and around Jardines del Pedregal. It and surrounding neighborhoods, many of which have "Pedregal" in their names, are generally referred to as the "Pedregal" area of the city.
Retail centers include: [9]
Other facilities include: [9]
Álvaro Obregón is a borough in Mexico City. It contains a large portion of the south-west part of Mexico City. It had a 2020 census population of 759,137 inhabitants and lies at an elevation of 2,319 m. above sea level.
Miguel Hidalgo is a borough (alcaldía) in western Mexico City, it encompasses the historic areas of Tacuba, Chapultepec and Tacubaya along with a number of notable neighborhoods such as Polanco and Lomas de Chapultepec. With landmarks such as Chapultepec Park and the Museo Nacional de Antropología, it is the second most visited borough in Mexico City after Cuauhtémoc where the historic center of Mexico City is located. Tacubaya and Tacuba both have long histories as independent settlements and were designated as “Barrios Mágicos” by the city for tourism purposes.
Tlalpan is a borough in Mexico City. It is the largest borough, with over 80% under conservation as forest and other ecologically sensitive area. The rest, almost all of it on the northern edge, has been urban since the mid-20th century. When it was created in 1928, it was named after the most important settlement of the area, Tlalpan, which is referred to as “Tlalpan center” to distinguish it from the borough.
Xochimilco is a borough of Mexico City. The borough is centered on the formerly independent city of Xochimilco, which was established on what was the southern shore of Lake Xochimilco in the precolonial period.
Naucalpan, officially Naucalpan de Juárez, is one of 125 municipalities located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico. The municipal seat is the city of Naucalpan de Juárez, which extends into the neighboring municipality of Huixquilucan.
Ricardo Legorreta Vilchis was a Mexican architect. He was a prolific designer of private houses, public buildings and master plans in Mexico, the United States and some other countries.
Max Ludwig Cetto was a German-Mexican architect, historian of architecture, and professor.
Perisur is a shopping mall located in the Coyoacán borough in southern Mexico City at the intersection of Insurgentes Avenue South and the Anillo Periférico, next to the UNAM main campus in Ciudad Universitaria and to the upscale Jardines del Pedregal neighbourhood. Designed by architect Juan Sordo Madaleno, the shopping center became the largest shopping mall in total area in Mexico when it opened in 1980.
Colegio Alemán Alexander von Humboldt, A. C. is a network of German-language primary and secondary schools based in Greater Mexico City.
Liceo Mexicano Japonés, A.C. ; Japanese: 社団法人日本メキシコ学院, romanized: Shadan Hōjin Nihon Mekishiko Gakuin, or 日墨学院, transl. Japan-Mexico Institute) is a Japanese school based in the Pedregal neighborhood of the Álvaro Obregón borough in southern Mexico City, Mexico.
Polanco is a neighborhood in the Miguel Hidalgo borough of Mexico City. Polanco is an affluent colonia, noted for its luxury shopping along Presidente Masaryk Avenue, the most expensive street in Mexico, as well as for the numerous prominent cultural institutions located within the neighborhood.
Japanese Mexicans are Mexicans of Japanese ancestry. Organized Japanese immigration to Mexico occurred in the 1890s with the foundation of a coffee-growing colony in the state of Chiapas. Although this initiative failed, it was followed by greater immigration from 1900 to the beginning of World War II. However, it never reached the levels of Japanese immigration to the Americas such as Brazil or the United States.
The Peterson Schools is a private, international, co-educational, non-profit establishment located in Mexico City, Mexico. It has offered the International Baccalaureate Organization Diploma Program since 2004 to students in the last two years of high school.
Luis Ramiro Barragán Morfín was a Mexican architect and engineer. His work has influenced contemporary architects visually and conceptually. Barragán's buildings are frequently visited by international students and professors of architecture. He studied as an engineer in his home town, while undertaking the entirety of additional coursework to obtain the title of architect.
Mexico City has a community of Japanese Mexican people and Japanese expatriates that is dispersed throughout the city. Many Japanese persons had moved to Mexico City in the 1940s due to wartime demands made by the Mexican government. Multiple Japanese-Mexican associations, the Japanese embassy, the Liceo Mexicano Japonés, and other educational institutions serve the community. The residents are educated through the LMJ, the part-time school Chuo Gakuen, and the adult school Instituto Cultural Mexicano-Japonés.
Instituto Educativo Olinca, S.C., operating as the Colegio Olinca, is a private school system in Mexico. It serves preschool, kindergarten, primary, middle school (secundaria), and high school (preparatoria).
Colegio Princeton del Sur S.C., which operated as Colegio Princeton de México, was a private school in Mexico City. It had its kindergarten and primary school campuses in Jardines del Pedregal, Álvaro Obregón, and its junior and senior high school campus in Heroes de Padierna, Tlalpan. It had no affiliation nor any accreditation from Princeton University and that university's board of trustees.
Colegio Francés del Pedregal is a private school in Jardines del Pedregal, Álvaro Obregón, Mexico City, serving preschool through senior high school (preparatoria). It was founded by Madame Marie Flavie Arnaud in 1903.
Vermont School is a private school in Mexico City. It has two campuses: Plantel Pedregal in Jardines del Pedregal, Álvaro Obregón, which has preschool and primary school; and Plantel San Jerónimo, in San Jerónimo, Magdalena Contreras, serving middle school (secundaria) and senior high school (preparatoria).