Jersey election, 1940

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Elections were held in Jersey on 30 August 1940. The island was occupied by the Germans from 1 July 1940 until the surrender of the German forces on 9 May 1945. During this time, there was one election, held soon after the occupation began. The result installed puppet leader Edward Campbell as a front for the German administration, which was centered around the department of Manche, a French department in Normandy. [1] Also standing was Thomas Jenkins. [2]

Jersey British Crown Dependency in the Channel Islands

Jersey, officially the Bailiwick of Jersey, is a Crown dependency located near the coast of Normandy, France. It is the second closest of the Channel Islands to France, after Alderney.

Manche Department of France

Manche is a French department in Normandy (Normandie), named for the English Channel, which is known as La Manche, literally "the sleeve" in French. The department borders its northern and western shores and part of its eastern shore.

France Republic with mainland in Europe and numerous oversea territories

France, officially the French Republic, is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland and Italy to the east, and Andorra and Spain to the south. The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The country's 18 integral regions span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres (248,573 sq mi) and a total population of 67.3 million. France, a sovereign state, is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban areas include Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Lille and Nice.

The election was unique in that only two candidates stood to represent the entire island. [2] The post voted for was short-lived, and the Nazis removed it in 1942 to little reaction from the islanders. Campbell returned to his suffering business. He later went broke and died before the end of the war. [3]

Candidates

Axis powers Alliance of countries defeated in World War II

The Axis powers, also known as "Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis", were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allies. The Axis powers agreed on their opposition to the Allies, but did not completely coordinate their activity.

North Africa Northernmost region of Africa

North Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west, to Egypt's Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east. Others have limited it to top North-Western countries like Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia, a region that was known by the French during colonial times as "Afrique du Nord" and is known by all Arabs as the Maghreb. The most commonly accepted definition includes Algeria, Sudan, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt, the 6 countries that shape the top North of the African continent. Meanwhile, "North Africa", particularly when used in the term North Africa and the Middle East, often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya. Egypt, being also part of the Middle East, is often considered separately, due to being both North African and Middle Eastern at the same time.

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Channel Islands Archipelago in the English Channel

The Channel Islands are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. They include two Crown dependencies: the Bailiwick of Jersey, which is the largest of the islands; and the Bailiwick of Guernsey, consisting of Guernsey, Alderney, Sark and some smaller islands. They are considered the remnants of the Duchy of Normandy and, although they are not part of the United Kingdom, the UK is responsible for the defence and international relations of the islands. The Crown dependencies are not members of the Commonwealth of Nations or of the European Union. They have a total population of about 164,541, and the bailiwicks' capitals, Saint Helier and Saint Peter Port, have populations of 33,500 and 18,207, respectively. The total area of the islands is 198 km2.

History of Guernsey

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Jèrriais literature

Jèrriais literature is literature in Jèrriais, the Norman dialect of Jersey in the Channel Islands.

German occupation of the Channel Islands German military occupation of WWII

The German occupation of the Channel Islands lasted for most of the Second World War, from 30 June 1940 until their liberation on 9 May 1945. The Bailiwick of Jersey and Bailiwick of Guernsey are two British Crown dependencies in the English Channel, near the coast of Normandy. The Channel Islands were the only part of the British Isles to be occupied by the Wehrmacht during the war.

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Alexander Moncrieff Coutanche, Baron Coutanche was a former Bailiff of Jersey and member of the House of Lords in the United Kingdom.

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Channel Islands Occupation Society

The Channel Islands Occupation Society (CIOS) is a voluntary organisation that seeks to study all aspects of the German occupation of the Channel Islands and to raise awareness and educate the public about the occupation during the Second World War. There are two branches, one in Jersey and the other in Guernsey, that take turns in publishing the Channel Islands Occupation Review. The CIOS manages many German fortifications and archives on both islands.

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Resistance in the German-occupied Channel Islands

During the German occupation of the Channel Islands, there was limited resistance. The islands had a very high number of German soldiers compared to the civilian population, one soldier for every 2-3 civilians, which reduced options; this linked to the severe penalties imposed by the occupiers meant that only forms of non-lethal resistance were used by the population. Even so, over twenty civilians died for resistance against the occupiers.

Living with the enemy in the German-occupied Channel Islands

The German occupation of the Channel Islands lasted from 30 June 1940 to 9 May 1945. During that time, the Channel Islanders had to live under and obey the laws of Nazi Germany and work with their occupiers in order to survive and reduce the impact of occupation. Given no guidance on how to behave by the British government, there were individuals who got close to the enemy and a few who undertook resistance activities. Most had no choice but to accept the changes and depredations to their lives and hope that external forces would someday remove the forces of occupation. It was almost five years before the islanders experienced freedom again.

Civilian life under the German occupation of the Channel Islands

Life as a civilian during the five years of occupation of the Channel Islands by the German army, which started in June 1940 was difficult and as the war progressed, became much harder. The winter of 1944-45 was particularly hard when food and fuel were in short supply and liberation seemed so close and yet so far away

The occupants of the Channel Islands became involved in European events of 1938–39 only as distant and worried listeners to the radio and readers of newspapers. The declaration of War by Britain on 3 September 1939 increased the concern. However, life in the islands continued much as normal. By spring 1940 the islands were advertising themselves as holiday destinations.

Liberation of the German-occupied Channel Islands

The Channel Islands were occupied during World War II by German forces from 30 June 1940, until May 1945. They were liberated by British forces following the general German surrender.

Louisa Gould member of the Channel Islands resistance movement during World War II

Louisa Mary Gould (1891–1945) was a member of the Channel Islands resistance movement during World War II. From 1942 until her arrest in 1944, Gould sheltered an escaped Russian slave worker known as Feodor Polycarpovitch Burriy on the island of Jersey. Following a trial, she was sent to the Ravensbrück concentration camp where she was gassed to death in 1945. In 2010 she was posthumously named a British Hero of the Holocaust.

References

  1. ↑ The German Occupation of the Channel Islands, Cruickshank, London 1975 ISBN   0-19-285087-3
  2. 1 2 Carr, Gillian (2014). Legacies of Occupation: Heritage, Memory and Archaeology in the Channel Islands. Springer Science & Business. pp. 25–32. ISBN   9783319034072 . Retrieved 2015-04-12.
  3. ↑ Schwan, C. Fredrick (1995). World War II Remembered: History in Your Hands, a Numismatic Study. BNR Press.
  4. ↑ Forty, George (2002). Channel Islands: Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark. Leo Cooper.
  5. ↑ Matthews, David. Islands at war: The Channel Islands' response to invasion. Jersey Heritage Trust.
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