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Jessie Mothersole | |
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Born | 8 August 1873 [1] Colchester, Essex, UK |
Died | 22 April 1958 84) [1] Kent, UK | (aged
Occupation(s) | Archaeologist, artist, author |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | Slade School of Fine Art |
Academic work | |
Notable works | Hadrian's Wall |
Jessie Mothersole (1873–1958) was an English archaeologist,artist,and author. [2]
Mothersole was born in Essex in 1873 [3] [4] and trained at the Slade School of Fine Art in London 1891–1896. [5] During this time,she was awarded prizes and certificates in drawing from life,drawing and painting from the antique,and figure drawing. [6] [7] She received a Slade Scholarship in 1894. [8] From 1899 she studied with,and then worked with,the artist Henry Holiday as his studio assistant,and was closely associated with him and his family until his death in 1927. [9] Holiday wrote enthusiastically in his memoirs about her talent with stained glass and decorative art,and intended to bequeath her his collections of cartoons and drawings. [10]
While at "The Slade",Mothersole was taught by Alphonse Legros,and,by her own account in 1892 when she went to speak to him,found a discarded self-portrait which had been torn into eight pieces. She kept the pieces and later donated the drawing to the Victoria and Albert Museum. [11] She also donated a silverpoint drawing of a young woman by Ellen Lucy Grazebrook. [12]
Mothersole's early work in archaeological drawing included drawings of wall paintings from Saqqara,exhibited by Flinders Petrie in an exhibition at University College London in 1904. [13] [14] These followed her work at the 1903–1904 excavation season at Saqqara with Margaret Murray,where,alongside drawings,Mothersole recorded the season with photographs,some of which were later published in an article "Tomb Copying in Egypt" for the family magazine Sunday at Home . [15] Her "A Photograph Credited to Mothersole" from this period was taken at Luxor and is now in the Petrie Museum. [6] She put on a further exhibition of her Egyptian work at Walker's Galleries,New Bond Street,London;this was Sketches in Egypt and other Works with Henry Holiday,16–28 March 1908. [16]
Following her early work in Egypt,in 1910 Mothersole wrote and published her first book,which concerned the Isles of Scilly,and included 24 of her own colour paintings. [17] She then focused primarily on British archaeology,publishing her self-illustrated book on Hadrian's Wall in 1922. [18] For this,she drew on both excavation reports and direct contacts with the archaeologists then excavating it,as well making her own observations as she walked the wall's length. [18] [19] [13] Her book offers a timely commentary on the Wall's scheduling,that ensures its status as a protected ancient monument. [13] Her key watercolours of Hadrian's Wall were exhibited 30 October –11 November 1922 at Walker's Galleries,London. [20] She then wrote and illustrated several more books on archaeology and travel.
Mothersole,like Henry Holiday,was an active campaigner for women's suffrage. She made a drawing of a fellow campaigner,Myra Sadd Brown,at a meeting in c.1912,which is held in the archives of the Women's Library. [21]
Margaret Alice Murray was a British-Indian Egyptologist,archaeologist,anthropologist,historian,and folklorist who was born in India. The first woman to be appointed as a lecturer in archaeology in the United Kingdom,she worked at University College London (UCL) from 1898 to 1935. She served as president of the Folklore Society from 1953 to 1955,and published widely over the course of her career.
Djoser was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 3rd Dynasty during the Old Kingdom,and was the founder of that epoch. He is also known by his Hellenized names Tosorthros and Sesorthos. He was the son of King Khasekhemwy and Queen Nimaathap,but whether he was also the direct successor to their throne is unclear. Most Ramesside king lists identify a king named Nebka as preceding him,but there are difficulties in connecting that name with contemporary Horus names,so some Egyptologists question the received throne sequence. Djoser is known for his step pyramid,which is the earliest colossal stone building in ancient Egypt.
Alphonse Legros was a French,later British,painter,etcher,sculptor,and medallist. He moved to London in 1863 and later was naturalized as British. He was important as a teacher in the British etching revival.
Teti,less commonly known as Othoes,sometimes also Tata,Atat,or Athath in outdated sources,was the first king of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt. He was buried at Saqqara. The exact length of his reign has been destroyed on the Turin King List but is believed to have been about 12 years.
Henry Holiday was an English Victorian painter of historical genre and landscapes,also a stained-glass designer,illustrator,and sculptor. He was influenced by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood,many of whom he knew.
Djer is considered the third pharaoh of the First Dynasty of ancient Egypt in current Egyptology. He lived around the mid 31st century BC and reigned for c. 40 years. A mummified forearm of Djer or his wife was discovered by Egyptologist Flinders Petrie,but was discarded by Émile Brugsch.
In ancient Egypt,cats were represented in social and religious scenes dating as early as 1980 BC. Several ancient Egyptian deities were depicted and sculptured with cat-like heads such as Mafdet,Bastet and Sekhmet,representing justice,fertility,and power,respectively. The deity Mut was also depicted as a cat and in the company of a cat.
Winifred Mabel Bruntonnée Newberry was a South African painter,illustrator and Egyptologist.
Sedjefakare Kay Amenemhat VII was an Egyptian pharaoh of the early 13th Dynasty in the late Middle Kingdom.
John Garstang was a British archaeologist of the Ancient Near East,especially Egypt,Sudan,Anatolia and the southern Levant. He was the younger brother of Professor Walter Garstang,FRS,a marine biologist and zoologist. Garstang is considered a pioneer in the development of scientific practices in archaeology as he kept detailed records of his excavations with extensive photographic records,which was a comparatively rare practice in early 20th-century archaeology.
Agnes Ethel Conway,later Agnes Horsfield,was a British writer,historian and archaeologist who worked in the Middle East from 1929 to 1936. Perhaps best known for her excavations at Petra and Kilwa,she also produced publications on the history of Allington Castle,which had been owned by the Wyatt family in the 16th century.
Christiane Ziegler,is a French Egyptologist,curator,director emeritus of the Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre Museum and editorial director of the archaeological mission from the Louvre Museum at Saqqara,Egypt.
Hilda Mary Isabel,Lady Petrie,was an Irish-born British Egyptologist and wife of Sir Flinders Petrie,the father of scientific archaeology. Having studied geology,she was hired by Flinders Petrie at age 25 as an artist,which led to their marriage and a working partnership that endured for their lifetimes.
Ernest John Henry Mackay was a British archeologist from Bristol known for his excavations and studies of Mohenjo-daro and other sites belonging to the Indus Valley civilisation.
Annie Abernethy Pirie Quibell (1862–1927) was a Scottish artist and archaeologist.
Mary Chubb was a British writer and archaeologist. She has been described as "the first professional excavation administrator". She was the daughter of John Burland Chubb (1861–1955),A.R.I.B.A.,and a descendant the Bridgwater artist John Chubb (artist),1746–1818.
Dorothy Charlesworth (1927–1981) was a Roman archaeologist and glass specialist who served as Inspector of Ancient Monuments. She worked within Britain and Egypt.
Ione Gladys Gedye was a pioneer conservator who founded the Repair Department at the Institute of Archaeology. She worked for over several decades in conservation at the Institute and was also a significant influence in the early years of archaeologically themed television programmes.
Amara Thornton is a historian of archaeology. Her work focuses on British archaeologists in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She situates archaeology within its broader historical context,including the history of tourism,the history of publishing and popular media,the history of education,government policies and women's history. She is an Honorary Research Associate at UCL.
Mabel Billah Greenberg (1889-1933) was a British artist.
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