Jibong yuseol | |
Hangul | 지봉유설 |
---|---|
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Jibong yuseol |
McCune–Reischauer | Chibong yusŏl |
Jibong yuseol ("Topical Discourses of Jibong") is a Korean encyclopedia written by Yi Su-gwang. It was published in 1614 during the reign of King Gwanghaegun. The author was a silhak scholar and a military officer of the mid-Joseon period of Korea. [1] [2] The title came from his pen name,Jibong and yuseol which literally means "topical discourses" in Korean. [3]
Parts of the book are drawn from Su-gwang's experiences in the Ming Dynasty,meeting people from modern day Italy,Thailand,Vietnam,Okinawa. After the Imjin wars from 1592 to 1598,Yi Su-gwang worked in the Ming Dynasty. In China,he acquired several books written on Catholicism by an Italian priest,Matteo Ricci,who was living in China. He brought them back to Korea,which was the first time European literature had been brought into the country. He took great interest in Catholicism.
From the information he obtained from the trips,he wrote a 20-volume encyclopedia,with the title Jibong yuseol. Jibong yuseol contained not only information on Catholicism and China,but also on Japan,Vietnam,and Thailand. It had basic information on Europe,including the geography and weather of England,European cuisine,European weapons and the knowledge of astronomy that the author had acquired from China.
Yi visited China several times and even met Thai people (known then as Seomra people,섬라사람) and recorded their customs. He also had contact with emissaries from Vietnam and Okinawa. [2] [4]
Joseon,officially Great Joseon State,was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea,lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on,Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Amrok and Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchens.
Neo-Confucianism is a moral,ethical,and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism,which originated with Han Yu (768–824) and Li Ao (772–841) in the Tang dynasty,and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties under the formulations of Zhu Xi (1130–1200). After the Mongol conquest of China in the thirteenth century,Chinese scholars and officials restored and preserved neo-Confucianism as a way to safeguard the cultural heritage of China.
Yi I was a Korean philosopher,writer,and Confucian scholar of the Joseon Dynasty. Yi is often referred to by his art name Yulgok. He was also a politician and was the academical successor of Jo Gwang-jo.
Gochujang or red chili paste is a savory,sweet,and spicy fermented condiment popular in Korean cooking. It is made from gochu-garu,glutinous rice,meju powder,yeotgireum,and salt. The sweetness comes from the starch of cooked glutinous rice,cultured with saccharifying enzymes during the fermentation process. Traditionally,it would be naturally fermented over years in jangdok (earthenware) on an elevated stone platform called jangdokdae in the backyard.
Korean philosophy focuses on a totality of world view. Some aspects of Shamanism,Buddhism,and Neo-Confucianism were integrated into Korean philosophy. Traditional Korean thought has been influenced by a number of religious and philosophical thought-systems over the years. As the main influences on life in Korea,often Korean Shamanism,Korean Taoism,Korean Buddhism,Korean Confucianism and Silhak movements have shaped Korean life and thought. From 20th century,various Western philosophical thoughts have strongly influenced on Korean academia,politics,and daily life.
Korean cuisine has a wide variety of traditional alcoholic drinks,known as sul (술). Many of these drinks end with the Sino-Korean word -ju,and some end with the native Korean word -sul. The Sino-Korean -ju is not used as an independent noun.
Gwon Yul was a Korean Army General and the Commander-in-chief of the Joseon Dynasty,who successfully led the Korean forces against Japan during the Japanese invasions of Korea. He is best known for the Battle of Haengju where he defeated an attacking force of about 30,000 Japanese with 2,800 troops.
The Lêdynasty,also known in historiography as the Later Lêdynasty,officially Great Việt,was the longest-ruling Vietnamese dynasty,having ruled from 1428 to 1789,with an interregnum between 1527 and 1533. The Lêdynasty is divided into two historical periods:the Primitive Lêdynasty before the usurpation by the Mạc dynasty,in which emperors ruled in their own right,and the Revival Lêdynasty,in which puppet emperors reigned under the auspices of the powerful Trịnh family. The Revival Lêdynasty was marked by two lengthy civil wars:the Lê–Mạc War (1533–1592) in which two dynasties battled for legitimacy in northern Vietnam and the Trịnh–Nguyễn War between the Trịnh lords in North and the Nguyễn lords of the South.
Silhak was a Korean Confucian social reform movement in late Joseon Dynasty. Sil means "actual" or "practical",and hak means "studies" or "learning". It developed in response to the increasingly metaphysical nature of Neo-Confucianism (성리학) that seemed disconnected from the rapid agricultural,industrial,and political changes occurring in Korea between the late 17th and early 19th centuries. Silhak was designed to counter the "uncritical" following of Confucian teachings and the strict adherence to "formalism" and "ritual" by neo-Confucians. Most of the Silhak scholars were from factions excluded from power and other disaffected scholars calling for reform. They advocated an empirical Confucianism deeply concerned with human society at the practical level.
Sin Gwang-su (1712–1775) was a poet of the late Joseon Dynasty. Living in the time of King Yeongjo,he was unable to attain a position of rank because his family was aligned with the Southerners faction. He married the daughter of Yun Duseo and became associated with Silhak. At 39,Sin finally passed the higher exam of the gwageo and was sent to Jeju as an official. He wrote a description of the island. His famed words from later life include the Gwan sang yung ma and Gwanseo akbu.
Yi Su-gwang or Sugwang (1563–1628),also known as Lee Soo-kwang,was a Korean sarim,a military official,and a diplomat of the Joseon Dynasty. He was also an academic and an encyclopedist who compiled the Jibong Yuseol, the earliest Korean encyclopedia.
During the late Zhou dynasty,the inhabitants of the Central Plains began to make a distinction between Hua and Yi,referred to be some historians as the Sino–barbarian dichotomy. They defined themselves as part of cultural and political region known as Huaxia,which they contrasted with the surrounding regions home to outsiders,conventionally known as the Four Barbarians. Although Yi is usually translated as "barbarian",other translations of this term in English include "foreigners","ordinary others","wild tribes" and "uncivilized tribes". The Hua–Yi distinction asserted Chinese superiority,but implied that outsiders could become Hua by adopting their culture and customs. These concepts were not unique to Ancient China,but were also applied by the Vietnamese,Japanese,and Koreans,all of whom considered themselves at one point in history to be the "Central Kingdom" in imitation of China.
The Korean state Joseon (1392–1897) sent numerous diplomatic missions to the Chinese states of Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1636–1912).
Yu Hyeong-won,also spelled as Yoo Hyung-Won,was a Korean philosopher. His art name was Ban'gye (磻溪). He was a Neo-Confucianist and science scholar of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. He was Korean pioneer of the early silhak school as well as a social critic and scholar of the late Joseon period. He was the disciple of Misu Heo Mok and second cousin of the silhak scholar Seongho Yi Ik.
Kinh Dương Vương is a legendary ancient Vietnamese figure,mentioned in the 15th-century work Đại Việt sửkýtoàn thư by having unified all the tribes within his territory into one state,and as the founder of the Hồng Bàng dynasty. He is considered the first sovereign of the Vietnamese people,and was the father of Lạc Long Quân.
Seohak was the introduction of technology,philosophy and most prominently,Catholicism and Western ideas to Joseon Korea in the 18th century. It is also occasionally referred to as Cheonjuhak which means 'Heavenly Learning'. Literally meaning "Western learning",Seohak's antonym was Donghak,which featured neo-Confucianism and other traditional ways of thought.
The Jeonju Yi clan is a Korean clan with the surname Yi. Their Bon-gwan is in Jeonju,North Jeolla Province. The clan includes the former House of Yi which ruled the Joseon dynasty and the Korean Empire.
Korean chili peppers or Korean hot peppers,also known as Korean red,Korean dark green,or Korean long green peppers according to color,are medium-sized chili peppers of the species Capsicum annuum. The chili pepper is long,slender and mild in flavor and spice. Green (unripe) chili peppers measure around 1,500 Scoville heat units.
Yi Gyu-gyeong was a Silhak scholar in the Joseon dynasty from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century who succeeded the accomplishments of Silhak and sought erudition. He was born in Jeonju and his courtesy name was Baekgyu (伯揆). His pen name is Oju or So-un-geosa. His grandfather was Editor-Compiler Yi Deokmu and his father was Yi Gwanggyu.
Brushtalk is a form of written communication using Literary Chinese to facilitate diplomatic and casual discussions between people of the countries in the Sinosphere,which include China,Japan,Korea,and Vietnam.