Elizabeth Kapeka Merseberg
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A great-grandson (through his daughter Jane Piikea Merseberg) was mayor Neal Blaisdell. [18] His youngest daughter May Cummins married distant cousin Joseph Clark and became stepmother to actress Mamo Clark. [19] After the last child died in 1937, a US federal court case awarded Mamo Clark a share in the still considerable estate. [20]
Lunalilo was the sixth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii from his election on January 8, 1873, until his death a year later.
Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole was a prince of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi until it was overthrown by a coalition of American and European businessmen in 1893. He later went on to become a representative in the Territory of Hawaii as delegate to the United States Congress, and as such is the only royal-born member of Congress.
Kuini Liliha was a High Chiefess (aliʻi) and noblewoman who served the Kingdom of Hawaii as royal governor of Oʻahu island. She administered the island from 1829 to 1831 following the death of her husband Boki.
Paul Neumann was a lawyer, politician, and diplomat in California and the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Emma Kalanikaumakaʻamano Kaleleonālani Naʻea Rooke was queen of Hawaii as the wife of King Kamehameha IV from 1856 to his death in 1863. She was later a candidate for the throne but King Kalākaua was elected instead.
Victoria Kamāmalu Kaʻahumanu IV was Kuhina Nui of Hawaii and its crown princess. Named Wikolia Kamehamalu Keawenui Kaʻahumanu-a-Kekūanaōʻa and also named Kalehelani Kiheahealani, she was mainly referred to as Victoria Kamāmalu or Kaʻahumanu IV, when addressing her as the Kuhina Nui. In her role of Kuhina Nui, she acted as Regent between the death of the King in 1863 until the election of a new King the same year.
Caesar Kaluaiku Kamakaʻehukai Kahana Keola Kapaʻakea was a Hawaiian chief who was the patriarch of the House of Kalākaua that ruled the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi from 1874 to 1893. The name Kapaʻakea translates as "the coral or limestone surface" in Hawaiian.
Kamanawa II known as Kamanawa ʻŌpio or Kamanawa ʻElua was a Hawaiian high chief and grandfather of the last two ruling monarchs of the Kingdom of Hawaii, King David Kalākaua and Queen Lydia Makaeha Liliʻuokalani. His family had a good reputation until 1840, when he was convicted of murdering his wife.
Victoria Kūhiō Kinoiki Kekaulike II (1843–1884) was a Princess of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. Her name also sometimes spelled as Kinoike Kekaulike has been written as Mary Kinoiki Kekaulike in many sources. Her name Kekaulike translates as "the equality" in Hawaiian.
The Hawaiian rebellions and revolutions took place in Hawaii between 1887 and 1895. Until annexation in 1898, Hawaii was an independent sovereign state, recognized by the United States, United Kingdom, France and Germany with exchange of ambassadors. However, there were several challenges to the reigning governments of the Kingdom and Republic of Hawaii during the 8+1⁄2-year (1887–1895) period.
Hoʻolulu (1794–1844) was a member of the nobility during the formation of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He was a trusted advisor to King Kamehameha I, also known as "Kamehameha the Great", and was one of the select few to know his secret resting place. His descendants continue the tradition of guarding royal burials. A major cultural site in Hilo, Hawaii is named after him.
Charles Thomas Gulick was a Kingdom of Hawaiʻi politician and one of the few members of the various missionary families of the time to side with the monarchy in the 1893 overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi.
James Aalapuna Harbottle Boyd was a military official under the Kingdom of Hawaii. He served King Kalākaua and Queen Liliʻuokalani and was the inspiration for the song Aloha ʻOe.
Miriam Auhea Kekāuluohi Crowningburg Kamai was a Hawaiian high chiefess (aliʻi) during the Hawaiian Kingdom. She was a cousin of King Lunalilo and namesake of his mother Kekāuluohi who ruled as Kuhina Nui (premier) under Kamehameha III.
Lanihau was a Hawaiian high chiefess of the Hawaiian Kingdom. She served as the Keeper of the Royal Mausoleum of Mauna ʻAla from 1885 to 1886 and was the last Governess of the islands of Kauai and Niihau from 1886 to 1888. During her tenure, she was given the honorific Her Excellency, the Governess of Kauai.
David William Pua, also known as D. W. Pua, was a politician during the Kingdom of Hawaii. He served as a legislator during the last years of the Legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii and became a member of the Hui Aloha ʻĀina, founded after the overthrow of the monarchy to protest attempts of annexation to the United States.
When King Kalākaua began his reign on February 12, 1874, the monarch was constitutionally empowered to appoint and remove the Kingdom of Hawaii cabinet ministers. The four cabinet positions were Attorney General, Ministrer of Finance, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of the Interior. The royal cabinet ministers were also ex-officio members of the House of Nobles in the legislature and the Privy Council of State, a larger body of advisors.
Hui Aloha ʻĀina were two Hawaiian nationalist organizations established by Native Hawaiian political leaders and statesmen and their spouses in the aftermath of the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom and Queen Liliʻuokalani on January 17, 1893. The organization was formed to promote Hawaiian patriotism and independence and oppose the overthrow and the annexation of Hawaii to the United States. Its members organized and collected the Kūʻē Petitions to oppose the annexation, which ultimately blocked a treaty of annexation in the United States Senate in 1897.
Haʻaheo Kaniu or Kaniuʻopiohaʻaheo was a high chiefess (aliʻi) and member of the royal family of the Hawaiian Kingdom. She was also known as Lydia Haʻaheo Kaniu.
Na Lani ʻEhā, translated as The Four Royals or The Heavenly Four, refers to the siblings King Kalākaua (1836–1891), Queen Liliʻuokalani (1838–1917), Princess Likelike (1851–1887) and Prince William Pitt Leleiohoku II (1854–1877). All four were composers, known for their patronage and enrichment of Hawaii's musical culture and history. All four of them organized glee clubs. William Pitt Leleiohoku II, the youngest brother who died at age 22, was a guitar master and leader of the Kawaihau Glee Club. Youngest sister Likelike was a musician and a co-founder of the Kaohuokalani Singing Club.
John Adams Kuakini Cummins | |
---|---|
Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
In office June 17, 1890 –February 25, 1891 | |
Monarch | Kalākaua |
Preceded by | Jonathan Austin |
Succeeded by | Samuel Parker |
Personal details | |
Born | Honolulu,Oahu,Kingdom of Hawaii | March 17,1835
Died | March 21,1913 78) | (aged
Resting place | Oahu Cemetery |
Nationality | Kingdom of Hawaii |
Political party | National Reform |
Spouse(s) | Rebecca Kahalewai Elizabeth Kapeka Merseberg others? |
Children | 5 |
Residence(s) | Mauna Loke,Waimānalo estates |
Occupation | Planter,Politician |
John Adams Kuakini Cummins (March 17,1835 –March 21,1913) was a member of the nobility of the Kingdom of Hawaii who became a wealthy businessman,and was involved in politics as the kingdom was overthrown.
John Adams Kuakini Cummins was born March 17,1835,in Honolulu. He was a namesake of island governor John Adams Kuakini (1789–1844),who in turn took the name of John Quincy Adams when Americans first settled on the islands in the 1820s. His father was Thomas Cummins (1802–1885) who was born in Lincoln,England,raised in Massachusetts,and came to the Hawaiian Islands in 1828. [1] His mother was High Chiefess Kaumakaokane Papaliʻaiʻaina (1810–1849) who was a distant relative of the royal family of Hawaii. As the custom of native Hawaiians,he was raised as an aliʻi nui because of his mother's family background. His father owned much of land in Waimānalo on the east coast of the island of Oʻahu,starting a horse and cattle ranch in the 1840s. He managed the ranch and converted it to a sugarcane plantation starting in 1877,and built a mill in 1881. [2]
He married Rebecca Kahalewai (1834–1902) in 1861,also considered a high chiefess,and had five children with her,four daughters and one son. Their son Thomas Puaaliʻi Cummins (1869–1928) was sent to Saint Matthews School in California in 1885 along with three Hawaiian princes. [3] Daughters were Matilda Kaumakaokane Cummins Walker (1862–1937),Jane Piʻikea Cummins Merseberg (1864–1918),May Kaaolani Cummins Clark (1874–1935) and one who died young. He might have had another child with one or two "secondary wives". [1] After his first wife's death,in 1902 he married Elizabeth Kapeka Merseberg (1877–1925),who was a sister of a son-in-law,and adopted a son. [4]
Cummins owned several houses in town,but enjoyed entertaining on his Waimānalo estate in a house known as Mauna Loke (Rose Mont). His guests included royalty starting with Kamehameha V as well as foreign visitors. This included German Princes and the Duke of Edinburgh in 1869. He traded racehorses with Leland Stanford and Pierre Lorillard IV,and operated a railroad and a steamship to the estate. [1] Chants passed down describe the elaborate birthday celebration held in 1883 for Queen Kapiʻolani. [5] This reputation earned him the name "Prince of Entertainers". [1]
Cummins was elected to the House of Representatives in the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1874. The kingdom faced a series of political crises,including a need for an election for monarch after Kamehameha V and Lunalilo both died without naming heirs. King Kalākaua appointed him to the Privy Council on June 18,1874,shortly after he came to the throne. [6] Even though Cummins voted against former Queen Emma in the election,she asked him to manage a trek around the islands in November 1875. He had staged a similar grand tour the year before for Kalākaua. She was not disappointed. Although many ancient Hawaiian customs had faded (due to influence of conservative Christian missionaries,for example),Cummins staged great revivals of ceremonies such as traditional hula performance. [7] : 307–309 In the legislature he advocated for the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 with the United States,which helped increase profits in the sugar industry,and his fortunes grew.
He left the sugar business to William G. Irwin,agent of Claus Spreckels,and developed a commercial building called the Cummins Block at Fort and Merchant streets in Downtown Honolulu. In 1889 he represented Hawaii at the Paris exposition known as Exposition Universelle. On June 17,1890,he became Minister of Foreign Affairs in Kalākaua's cabinet, [8] and thus was in the House of Nobles of the legislature for the 1890 session. When Kalākaua died and Queen Liliʻuokalani came to the throne in early 1891,she replaced all her ministers. Cummins resigned February 25,1891. [6] He was replaced by Samuel Parker who was another part-Hawaiian. [9] He was elected to the 1892 session of the House of Nobles,on the Hawaiian National Reform Party ticket. He also organized a group called the Native Sons of Hawaii which supported the monarchy. [10]
After the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in early 1893,Liliʻuokalani asked Cummins to visit the US to lobby for its help in restoration of the monarchy. The commission including Parker and Hermann A. Widemann ended in failure. [11] He served as Honorary President of Hui Aloha ʻĀina (Hawaiian Patriotic League),a patriotic organization founded to protest the overthrow and the attempt of Hawaiian annexation to the United States,and represented the case of the monarchy and the Hawaiian people to the United States Commissioner James Henderson Blount who was sent by President Grover Cleveland to investigate the overthrow. [12] [13] However,on the voyage to the west coast,William T. Seward,a former Major in the American Civil War who worked for Cummins and lived in one of his homes,smuggled guns and ammunition for the failed 1895 counter-revolution. [14] Thomas Beresford Walker,who was married to Cummins' eldest daughter Matilda,was also implicated in the plot. Cummins was arrested,charged with treason and convicted. He was sentenced to prison,but released after paying a fine and agreeing to testify against the ones actively involved in the arms trading.
He died on March 21,1913,from influenza after a series of strokes and was buried in Oahu Cemetery. Even his political opponents called him "the playmate of princes and the companion and entertainer of kings". [15] The territorial legislature had tried several times to refund his fine,but it was never approved by the governor. [16] His funeral was a strange mix of mostly traditional symbols of the Hawaiian religion,with a Christian service in the Hawaiian language,attended by both royalists and planners of the overthrow. A street was named for him in Honolulu at