John Jeffreys (c.1623-1689) was a Welsh soldier, landowner and politician, much of whose career was spent in Ireland. He fought in the English Civil War on the Royalist side, and later sat in the Houses of Commons of both England and Ireland. He is best remembered as the first Master of the Royal Hospital Kilmainham.[1]
He was born at Abercynrig, Brecon, eldest son of Jeffrey Jeffreys and Margaret Price, daughter of Geoffrey Price of the Priory, also in Brecon. His father and grandfather were prosperous mercers, and by 1620 his father was wealthy enough to buy Abercynrig, and to marry the eventual heiress of The Priory,[2] which became his son's favourite home in later life. John had succeeded to his father's estates by 1647. He entered the Inner Temple in 1640 and proceeded to Gray's Inn in 1641, but was apparently not called to the Bar. His legal knowledge was useful to him in his career, when he served as a Court registrar in Ireland.
By his own account, his services to the King during the Civil War had left his fortune so depleted that he was obliged to move to Ireland to save what was left of his estates. He made the move in about 1664. He acquired an invaluable Irish patron in James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, who found a commission for him in the Irish Army, and probably arranged for him to enter the Irish House of Commons as member for Antrim (a newly created seat) in 1666. He became joint registrar to the Court of Claims which was up set under the Act of Settlement 1662 to adjudicate on disputed claims to lands forfeited under the Cromwellian regime. His post was said to be worth £8000 per annum. He was Constable of Dublin Castle from 1673 to 1680. His fortunes improved, although he was still in debt in 1672; he sold Abercynrig in 1664, but was later able to repurchase it, and also bought property in Carmarthen.
MP for Brecon
Popular playing card: an episode in the Popish Plot featuring the informer William Bedloe, whom Jeffreys knew and distrusted
He continued to take a keen interest in home politics. In 1679 he finally succeeded in entering the English House of Commons as member for Brecon, and sat for Brecon in every Parliament until 1689. He was a fairly conscientious member, especially during the second Exclusion Parliament of 1680–81, in which he sat on six committees. He was a firm opponent of Exclusion, and was praised for unspecified "services" in rallying opposition to it. He was a complete sceptic about the Popish Plot, due to his personal knowledge of one of the principal informers, the notorious confidence tricksterWilliam Bedloe, "infamous Bedloe".[3] He was also a burgess of Brecon.
Master of Kilmainham Hospital
Royal Hospital Kilmainham, of which Jeffreys was appointed the first Master in 1684
In 1684 when the Royal Hospital Kilmainham for old soldiers was founded, Sir Leoline Jenkins, the Secretary of State, a fellow Welshman and lifelong friend of Jeffreys, persuaded Ormonde, the founder, to accept Jeffreys as the first Master.[4] Ormonde would have preferred a serving soldier, but Jenkins urged that Jeffreys "hath spent all his time and almost all his estate in the King's service, and hath done so with a very clear reputation". The salary of £300 a year was no doubt welcome to Jeffreys, even though, despite Jenkins' reference to his poverty, he was probably clear of debt by this time. James II, who succeeded to the throne the following year, continued him in office, despite his rumoured opposition to repeal the Test Act, on account of his "long service and sufferings". James also took seriously Jeffreys' petition of 1686 pleading for more resources: it seeks that within two years of the hospital's foundation most of the original sources of funding had dried up.[5]
Death and family
He died in the spring of 1689 and was buried in Carmarthen, where he owned substantial property. This was against his own expressed wishes, as he had quarrelled with the municipal authorities in Carmarthen.
He married Mary Bassett, daughter of Edward Bassett of Fledborough, Nottinghamshire and Elizabeth Pigott of Aston, Oxfordshire,[6] and had one surviving daughter and heiress, Dorothea. She married firstly the English-born judge Arthur Turner, justice of the Court of Common Pleas (Ireland), who died prematurely in 1684.[7] She remarried Thomas Flower of Durrow, County Laois and Finglas, eldest son of Sir William Flower, MP and member of the Privy Council, thus disobeying her father's command never to marry an Irishman.[8] They had a son Jeffreys and a daughter Catherine (who died young); Dorothea died before Flower, sometime before 1700. Having disregarded her father's instructions over his burial and her own marriage, she defied him a third time by selling his beloved home, the Priory, which he had inherited from his cousin Sir Herbert Price, to an unrelated family called Jeffreys from Llywel. The Flowers, who acquired the titles Viscount Ashbrook and Baron Castle Durrow,[9] held on to Abercynrig, which had passed from Dorothea to her stepson, and it remained one of their principal estates until they sold it in 1800.[10]
Sources
Arni, Eric von "Hospital Care and the British Standing Army 1660-1714" Routledge 2017
Ball, F. Elrington "History of Dublin" Vol.6 University Press 1920
Ball, F. Elrington The Judges in Ireland 1221-1921 London John Murray 1926
Henning, B.D. editor The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1660-1690 Boydell and Brewer 1983
Jones, Theophilus "History of the County of Brecknock" William and George North 2 Volumes 1805-9
Kenyon, J.P "The Popish Plot" Phoenix Press reissue 2000
Lodge, John "Peerage of Ireland" Dublin 1754
Marshall, George "Visitations of the County of Nottinghamshire 1559-1614" London 1871
Viscount Ashbrook is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1751 for Captain Henry Flower, 2nd Baron Castle Durrow. The title of Baron Castle Durrow, in the County of Kilkenny, had been created in the Peerage of Ireland in 1733 for his father William Flower. He was a Colonel in the Army and also represented County Kilkenny and Portarlington in the Irish House of Commons. He was praised by Jonathan Swift as "a gentleman of very great sense and wit". As of 2022, the titles are held by the first Viscount's descendant, the eleventh Viscount, who succeeded his father in 1995.
William Bedloe was an English fraudster and Popish Plot informer.
Sir John Temple was an Irish politician, Speaker of the Irish House of Commons and Attorney General for Ireland. He was the great-great-grandfather of the distinguished statesman Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston. His descendants in the female line include the famous poet Lord Byron.
William Flower, 1st Baron Castle Durrow PC (Ire) was an Anglo-Irish peer and politician.
Sir James Donnellan was an Irish lawyer and politician, who became Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas in 1660. He was unusual among the Irish judges of the time in being of Gaelic descent; and more remarkable in that his service as a judge under Oliver Cromwell did not disqualify him from service after the Restoration of Charles II.
Sir John Davys was an Irish politician.
John Bysse (c.1602–1680) was a member of the Parliament of Ireland during the 1630s and 1640s. He was excluded from office during the Interregnum, but became one of the most senior Irish judges after the Restoration of Charles II.
Sir Maurice Eustace was an Irish landowner, politician, barrister and judge of the seventeenth century who spent the last years of his career as Lord Chancellor of Ireland. This was an office for which he felt himself to be entirely unfit, and in which he was universally agreed to be a failure.
Sir Herbert Price, 1st Baronet was a Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1640 and 1678. He fought on the Royalist side in the English Civil War.
John Keating, or Keatinge was an Irish judge of the late seventeenth century, who held office as Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas. He had an impressive reputation for integrity, impartiality and benevolence. Due to his loyalty to King James II of England, he was dismissed from his office as Chief Justice after the Revolution of 1688. Later, faced with the threat of impeachment, he committed suicide.
William St Lawrence, 12th Baron Howth (1628–1671) was an Irish nobleman of the Restoration period. He was an intelligent and popular man who would undoubtedly have played an influential role in Irish politics had it not been for his premature death.
Sir Robert Booth (1626–1681) was an English-born judge who had a highly successful career in Ireland, where he held the offices of Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas and Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench in Ireland.
Baggotrath Castle, or Baggotsrath Castle, was a castle situated at present-day Baggot Street in Dublin city centre. It was built in the late thirteenth century by the Bagod family, for whom it was named.
Sir William Davys was an Irish barrister and judge who held the offices of Recorder of Dublin, Prime Serjeant and Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. He was suspected of Roman Catholic sympathies and was threatened with removal from the bench as a result, but he succeeded in retaining office until his death, due largely to his influential family connections.
Sir Paul Davys was an Irish politician and civil servant, who held office as Clerk to the Privy Council of Ireland and later as Secretary of State (Ireland). He had considerable influence in public affairs, and enjoyed the close friendship of the Lord Lieutenant, James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde. His sons, William and John, both attained high office. He was the grandfather of Paul Davys, 1st Viscount Mount Cashell.
William Chevir was an Irish politician and judge, whose career was marked by accusations of oppression and corruption.
Sir Jerome Alexander (c.1585–1670) was an English-born barrister, judge and politician, who spent much of his career in Ireland, and became a substantial Irish landowner. He was a noted benefactor of Trinity College Dublin. As a judge, he was so ruthless in securing guilty verdicts in criminal cases, and in imposing the death penalty on the guilty party, that for many years after his death "to be Alexandered" was an Irish synonym for being hanged.
Sir Richard Stephens was an Irish barrister, politician and judge of the seventeenth century. He was a highly successful lawyer, who made a fortune at the Bar, but his judicial career was hampered by his unorthodox religious and political views. He became Serjeant-at-law (Ireland) under King Charles II, but was dismissed from office after only two years. He was in political disgrace during the following reign. After the Glorious Revolution he was appointed to the Irish High Court bench, but he died only two years later.
Arthur Turner was a short-lived Irish judge of English birth.
Sir William Flower (c.1600-c.1682) was an Anglo-Irish soldier, politician and landowner of the seventeenth century. He fought for Oliver Cromwell during the English Civil War but was imprisoned as a suspected Royalist, a suspicion later confirmed by the rewards he received after the Restoration of Charles II. His descendants still hold the titles Viscount Ashbrook and Baron Castle Durrow.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
