The Emancipation Proclamation,officially Proclamation 95,was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1,1863,during the American Civil War. The Proclamation had the effect of changing the legal status of more than 3.5 million enslaved African Americans in the secessionist Confederate states from enslaved to free. As soon as slaves escaped the control of their enslavers,either by fleeing to Union lines or through the advance of federal troops,they were permanently free. In addition,the Proclamation allowed for former slaves to "be received into the armed service of the United States". The Emancipation Proclamation was a significant part of the end of slavery in the United States.
In the context of the American Civil War (1861–65),the border states were slave states that did not secede from the Union. They were Delaware,Maryland,Kentucky,and Missouri,and after 1863,the new state of West Virginia. To their north they bordered free states of the Union,and all but Delaware bordered slave states of the Confederacy to their south.
Phineas Banning was an American businessman,financier and entrepreneur.
California's involvement in the American Civil War included sending gold east to support the war effort,recruiting volunteer combat units to replace regular U.S. Army units sent east,in the area west of the Rocky Mountains,maintaining and building numerous camps and fortifications,suppressing secessionist activity and securing the New Mexico Territory against the Confederacy. The State of California did not send its units east,but many citizens traveled east and joined the Union Army there,some of whom became famous.
The Pacific coast theater of the American Civil War consists of major military operations in the United States on the Pacific Ocean and in the states and Territories west of the Continental Divide. The theater was encompassed by the Department of the Pacific that included the states of California,Oregon,and Nevada,the territories of Washington,Utah,and later Idaho.
The American Civil War significantly affected Tennessee,with every county witnessing combat. It was a divided state,with the Eastern counties harboring pro-Union sentiment throughout the conflict,and it was the last state to officially secede from the Union,in protest of President Lincoln's April 15 Proclamation calling forth 75,000 members of state militias to suppress the rebellion. Although Tennessee provided a large number of troops for the Confederacy,it would also provide more soldiers for the Union Army than any other state within the Confederacy.
Texas declared its secession from the Union on February 1,1861,and joined the Confederate States on March 2,1861,after it had replaced its governor,Sam Houston,who had refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. As with those of other states,the Declaration of Secession was not recognized by the US government at Washington,DC. Some Texan military units fought in the Civil War east of the Mississippi River,but Texas was more useful for supplying soldiers and horses for the Confederate Army. Texas' supply role lasted until mid-1863,when Union gunboats started to control the Mississippi River,which prevented large transfers of men,horses,or cattle. Some cotton was sold in Mexico,but most of the crop became useless because of the Union's naval blockade of Galveston,Houston,and other ports.
Tomas Avila Sanchez (1826–1882),soldier,sheriff and public official,was on the Los Angeles County,California,Board of Supervisors and was a member of the Los Angeles Common Council,the legislative branch of the city.
Andrew Jackson King (1833–1923),or A. J. King, was a lawman,lawyer,legislator and judge in 19th Century Los Angeles County,California.
Henry Dwight Barrows was an American teacher,businessman,farmer,goldminer,reporter,United States Marshal,Los Angeles County School Superintendent,manufacturer,writer,and a founder and president of the Historical Society of Southern California.
George Washington Gift (1833–1879),U. S. Navy officer,writer,banker,civil engineer,politician,Confederate Navy officer,businessman,and newspaper editor.
Camp Latham was a temporary United States Army tent camp in Los Angeles County,California extant from fall 1861 to fall 1862 in the military District of Southern California during the American Civil War. Camp Latham was located on the south bank of Ballona Creek,approximately .75 mi (1.21 km) southwest of what is now called Culver City station. Short-lived Camp Kellogg was located nearby,just north across the creek.
Joseph Huber Sr.,was president of the Los Angeles,California,Common Council—the legislative arm of that city—for two years,beginning May 1863 and ending May 1865. He had earlier terms as a member,winning a seat in a special election on January 7,1861,to replace Damien Marchesseault,who had resigned,and also serving in the 1862–63 term.
John Goller was an American pioneer and the first blacksmith in Los Angeles,California. He owned a blacksmith and carriage-making business and was a member of the governing body of Los Angeles as well as a founder of the city's first gas company.
James Brown Winston (1820–1884) was the first medical officer of the City of Los Angeles,California,in the 19th century. He also was a member of both the Los Angeles Common Council,the city's governing body,and the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors.
The Bella Union Hotel in Los Angeles,California,constructed in 1835,is California Historical Landmark No. 656. It was effectively the last capitol building of Mexican California under Governor Pio Pico,in 1845–47,and was a center of social and political life for decades. The hotel was located at N. Main Street,on the east side,a few doors north of Commercial Street,which then ran east–west between Arcadia and Temple. The hotel was later known as the Clarendon and then as the St. Charles.
Oscar Macy was an American politician,newspaper publisher,and pioneer in Los Angeles County,California. The son of Obed Macy,he was served on the Los Angeles Common Council,served as a county sheriff,and served on the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. He and his father operated one of Los Angeles's historic hotels.
George N. Whitman was an American politician. He was elected to the Los Angeles,California,Common Council,the legislative branch of that city's government,in a special election on September 3,1857,serving until May 10,1858. As a resident of San Bernardino County,he was a member of the California State Assembly from the 1st District in 1859–60.
The California Digital Newspaper Collection (CDNC) is a freely-available,archive of digitized California newspapers;it is accessible through the project's website. The collection contains over six million pages from over forty-two million articles. The project is part of the Center for Bibliographical Studies and Research (CBSR) at the University of California Riverside.
Henry Hammel was a German-born American businessman and politician was a business partner of Andrew H. Denker. He served on the Los Angeles Common Council from December 9,1882,to December 9,1884,and,with the help of his brother-in-law Denker,ran hotels and owned an extensive spread of agricultural property that eventually became the city of Beverly Hills,California.
