John Thomas (colonel)

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John Thomas, Sr. was a colonel during the American Revolutionary War who led the Spartan Regiment against the Loyalists. He was a representative of the Provincial Congress in 1776. During the fall of Charleston, Thomas was captured and was imprisoned at the Ninety Six prison and later at Charleston until the end of the war.

Contents

Markers were erected to honor John and his wife Jane Thomas for their contributions during the American Revolution. A monument was installed by the Greenville County Historical Preservation Commission and Mark III Properties and a highway marker was installed by the Spartanburg Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution.

Early life

John Newcastle Thomas was born in Wales in 1720. On January 3, 1740, Thomas married Jane Black, [1] both of whom were from Chester County, Pennsylvania. [2]

French and Indian War

Thomas fought at the Battle of the Monongahela under British General Edward Braddock, who was defeated and killed 10 miles (16 km) south of Fort Duquesne, in July 1755. Braddock's troops had fought against Native Americans and French soldiers. As a result of the defeat, the French continued to possess the fort and gained control of the Ohio River Valley. [3]

South Carolina and Revolutionary War

Thomas received a land grant in 1754 for 600 acres in what was then Anson County in the Province of North Carolina (now York County, South Carolina). Seeking wider expanses of available land for himself, his wife, and their children's families, they traveled along the Great Wagon Road for 800 miles (1,300 km). They settled their property in the Camden District along Fishing Creek, south of the Catawba River. [4] [lower-alpha 1] In 1762, they moved to what is now Spartanburg, South Carolina, settling in Fairforest Creek. [6] [5] The Thomas family were among the first members of the Fairforest Presbyterian Church. [6] Thomas and his wife had enslaved people. [5]

Map of South Carolina Battlefields 1775 - 1780 County Borders are not historical, but seem to predate the publication date a bit (pre 1896). Battlefields of South Carolina 1775-1780.png
Map of South Carolina Battlefields 1775 - 1780 County Borders are not historical, but seem to predate the publication date a bit (pre 1896).

Title South-Carolina and parts adjacent, shewing the movements of the American and British armies. Thomas served as a captain of the militia and as a magistrate, [7] roles that supported the British. He resigned from those positions at the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. [8] On June 3, 1775, the Provincial Congress of Carolina met to discuss the breakout of the war in Massachusetts, with the Battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill. Most of the people in attendance wanted to fight for their independence like the northern patriots. [9] Thomas found himself fighting against his former militia leader, Col. Thomas Fletchall, who was a loyalist or Tory. [10]

On August 21, 1775, he organized the Spartan Regiment, many of whom were members of the Fairforest Presbyterian Church. [8] He had been requested to form the regiment by the Council of Safety. [1] The regiment served at the Snow Campaign in November and December 1775. Parris's Mill in Greenville District was a place where they fought. [1]

His wife passed on key intelligence that thwarted an ambush of Whig forces at Cedar Springs (Battle of Cedar Springs). [11] She succeeded in saving the main supply of ammunition that was used under Thomas Sumter's command in the Battle of Rocky Mount and Battle of Hanging Rock. [12]

Ninety Six stockage fort Ninety Six stockade fort SC1.jpg
Ninety Six stockage fort

In 1776, he was a representative of the Provincial Congress. During the fall of Charleston in May 1780, Thomas was captured by Capt. Sam Brown and was sent to the Ninety Six prison, [1] [13] as were his sons Abram and Robert. The patriots held at the prison suffered from lack of sufficient, edible food. They were subject to disease, but did not have medical care. Abram died there. [14] As the war continued, Thomas was moved to Charleston. He was released at the end of the Revolution. [1]

Personal life

Thomas had nine children, and his sons and sons-in-law were active soldiers: [1] [15] [16] [17]

Soon after the end of the war, John and Jane Thomas moved to Greenville district (now Greenville, South Carolina), where they lived the rest of their lives. [18] He died in the Greenville District of Spartanburg County, South Carolina on May 2, 1811, or 1812. [1] The couple was buried in Greer, South Carolina. South Carolina Chief Justice John Belton O'Neall later owned their house. [19]

Legacy

A marker for "Col. John and Jane Thomas" is located in Greer, South Carolina. [lower-alpha 2] It was erected by the Greenville County Historical Preservation Commission and Mark III Properties in 2019. [19] For John, the marker says,

John [and] Jane Black Thomas emigrated to S.C. c.1755 from Chester Co., PA. John was a local magistrate and militia captain. As the Revolutionary War began, he was elected Colonel of the Spartan Regiment. Captured in 1779, he was held in Ninety Six and Charleston up to the end of the war. Returning to the upstate, John farmed here till his death [on] October 2, 1811. [19]

The Spartanburg Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution erected a monument for "Col. John Thomas and his wife Jane Thomas" at White Stone, South Carolina, recognizing both as heroes of the American Revolutionary War. [20]

Notes

  1. ↑ They were also said to have first settled along Fishing Creek in the Chester District of South Carolina in 1755. [2] [5]
  2. ↑ The marker is located at 34°59′44″N82°16′39″W / 34.99556°N 82.27750°W . [19]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Thomas, John (born 1720, Wales)". A roster of Revolutionary ancestors of the Indiana Daughters of the American Revolution : commemoration of the United States of America bicentennial, July 4, 1976. Evansville, Indiana: Unigraphic. 1976. pp. 634–635.
  2. 1 2 Ellet 1849, p. 250.
  3. ↑ Ingle 2022, p. 4.
  4. ↑ Ingle 2022, p. 5.
  5. 1 2 3 Mahoney, Harry Thayer; Mahoney, Marjorie Locke (1999). Gallantry in Action: A Biographic Dictionary of Espionage in the American Revolutionary War. University Press of America. p. 299. ISBN   978-0-7618-1479-5.
  6. 1 2 Ellet 1849, pp. 250–251.
  7. ↑ Ingle 2022, p. 7.
  8. 1 2 Ingle 2022, p. 13.
  9. ↑ Ingle 2022, p. 8.
  10. ↑ Ingle 2022, pp. 15–16, 18.
  11. ↑ Bennett, William J.; Cribb, John T. E. (2013-04-08). The American Patriot's Almanac: Daily Readings on America. Thomas Nelson. p. 251. ISBN   978-1-59555-375-1.
  12. ↑ PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1889). "Thomas, Jane"  . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography . New York: D. Appleton.
  13. ↑ Graves, William T. (May 2005). "The South Carolina Backcountry Whig Militia: 1775-1781 An Overview" (PDF). Southern Campaigns of the American Revolution. 2 (5): 20.
  14. ↑ Ingle 2022, p. 29.
  15. ↑ Ellet 1849, pp. 257–259.
  16. ↑ "Thomas, Jane (Black)". A roster of Revolutionary ancestors of the Indiana Daughters of the American Revolution : commemoration of the United States of America bicentennial, July 4, 1976. Evansville, Indiana: Unigraphic. 1976. p. 634.
  17. ↑ Ingle 2022, pp. 19–20.
  18. ↑ Ellet 1849, p. 259.
  19. 1 2 3 4 "Col. John and Jane Thomas Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved 2023-04-02.
  20. ↑ Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine. National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. 1905. pp. 145–146.

Sources

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