José Miguel Gambra Gutiérrez

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José Miguel Gambra Gutiérrez
Jose-Miguel-Gambra-G.png
Born1950
Pamplona, Spain
NationalitySpanish
Educationphilosopher
Occupationacademic
Known foracademic, politician
Political party Carlism

José Miguel Gambra Gutiérrez (born 1950) is a Spanish philosopher and politician. He is known mostly as the expert in logic and in the theory of predicates; since the 1980s he has been holding various teaching positions at Facultad de Filosofía of Universidad Complutense in Madrid. He is also recognized as a theorist of political and social science; Gambra advances the Traditionalist vision of state and society. In politics he adheres to the Carlist cause. In 2010-2021 he was leading one of two Traditionalist organisations in Spain, Comunión Tradicionalista.

Contents

Family and youth

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father

Gambra's paternal ancestors for generations have been related to Valle del Roncal; [1] they made their name fighting the French in 1809. [2] His great-grandfather Pedro Francisco Gambra Barrena [3] rose to high positions in Ministry of Economy. [4] His son and Gambra's paternal grandfather Eduardo Gambra Sanz (1878–1964) [5] was an architect; [6] his key works are offices of Sociedad Gran Peña along the Madrid Gran Via [7] and the Omnia building at Plaza de Colón, [8] marked by attempt to re-capture the splendor of historical Spanish architecture. [9] His wife and Gambra's paternal grandmother Rafaela Ciudad Villalón was daughter to José Ciudad Aurioles, [10] a deputy, [11] senator, [12] and President of Tribunal Supremo. [13] Their son and Gambra's father, Rafael Gambra Ciudad (1920–2004), served as adolescent requeté during the Civil War, first in Tercio de Abárzurza [14] and then in Tercio del Alcázar. [15] In the Francoist Spain he made his name as a Catholic philosopher and writer; he denounced secularization of the new consumer society and remained highly skeptical about religious change triggered by Vaticanum II. Gambra Ciudad is considered one of the greatest Traditionalist theorists of all time; [16] since 2001 he was leading the branch of Carlism loyal to Sixto de Borbón. [17]

Gambra Ciudad was married to María del Carmen Gutiérrez Sánchez (1921–1984), translator, scholar [18] and as Miguel Arazuri the author of numerous novels, popular especially in the 1950s and the 1960s. [19] She was also the founder and manager of Fundación Stella, an independent radio venture. [20] Except the turn of the 1940s and 1950s, when the couple resided in Pamplona, they lived in Madrid. They had three children, Andrés, Irene and José Miguel. [21] None of the sources consulted provides information on José's early education; since in the mid-1950s the family moved from Pamplona to Madrid, most likely he frequented schools in the Spanish capital. [22] He then entered an unspecified university and at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s studied philosophy; it is not clear when exactly he graduated. [23]

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mother

At unspecified time though probably in the 1970s Gambra married María de las Mercedes Mariné Sánz. [24] None of the sources consulted provides any information either on her or her family and it is not clear whether the two were distantly connected by virtue of their relationship to the Sanz family. They have 8 children. [25] Olalla Gambra Mariné is a scholar of history of art; she specializes in Christian iconography [26] an was related to Universidad San Pablo-CEU de Madrid. [27] Paula is involved in female Carlist organization Margaritas and was its Jefa Nacional; [28] in 2007 she unsuccessfully ran for the Madrid ayuntamiento on a Catholic list. [29] Her sister María ran for the Senate in 2008 and also failed. [30] Sons are not known as public figures; one is a lawyer [31] while others hold junior business positions. [32] Among other relatives the best known one is Gambra's brother Andrés Gambra Gutiérrez; he serves as professor of medieval history [33] and is the university official at Universidad San Pablo-CEU. [34] Their sister Irene works as a librarian at Complutense. [35]

Academic career

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Porriño

Following graduation Gambra commenced doctoral research at Universidad Complutense in Madrid. In the mid-1970s he applied for membership in Cuerpo de Catedráticos de Enseñanza Media and in 1975 he was included on the list of aspirantes a las oposiciones a cátedras de Filosofía, Griego, Latin de Institutos Nacionales de Enseñanza Media, the pool of secondary school teachers. [36] Gambra passed appropriate exams in the turno libre mode and in 1976 he was confirmed as a teacher of philosophy in Instituto Nacional de Bachillerato de Porriño, a public secondary school in Galicia. [37] It is not clear whether and if yes how long he was teaching in Porriño. He completed his doctoral research with a thesis titled La doctrina de la analogía en la obra de Santiago María Ramírez: hermenéutica tomista y nuevas aportaciones. Written under the guidance of Leopoldo Eulogio Palacios, it was dedicated to philosophical theory of a renowned Spanish theologian, the one which Gambra knew personally as a friend to his father. [38] The dissertation was accepted at Complutense and earned Gambra the PhD laurels in 1977. [39]

Becoming eligible to junior post of assistant professor, in 1978 Gambra applied for entry into Cuerpo de Profesores Adjuntos de Universidad; he was targeting the Lógica section within the Filosofía y Letras faculty. He was included on the list of 20 applicants who competed for 6 vacant positions [40] but it is not clear whether he was successful. However, some time at the turn of the 1970s and the 1980s Gambra obtained an academic position; in 1982 and by virtue of "concurso de traslado", which is normally applied to academics changing posts, he was admitted to Adjuncia de Lógica at Facultad de Filosofía y Letras at Universidad Complutense. [41] He continued as professor adjunto in Madrid for a few years. [42]

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Faculty of Philosophy, Complutense

In 1986 latest Gambra made a further step in his academic career and was nominated professor titular at the Complutense, [43] thus becoming a tenured full-time associate professor. During the following decades he was related to Departamento de Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia. It is not sure whether at any time he assumed directorship of the unit, though he became regular member of numerous academic bodies which inspected applications to Cuerpo de Funcionarios Docentes. [44] He continued as professor titular during the 1990s and 2000s. [45] In 2018 he was nominated to catedrático, the highest academic university rank in Spain. During the evaluation process his "valoración global" figure was calculated as 90,4. [46] His area of competence was specified as Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia at department of Lógica y Filosofía Teórica, within Facultad de Filosofía. [47] Though he already reached the retirement age, Gambra is still performing teaching role at the Logic and Philosophy of Science Department. [48]

Philosopher

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Aristotle

Gambra wrote a number of works which border philosophical reflection and are related to political theory, sociology and ethics. His scientific focus, however, has always been on philosophy. Throughout the entire academic career he has been specializing in logic. It was so largely because during his formative university years Gambra was highly influenced by Palacios, the Thomist logician who at the time served as head of Department of Logic at Complutense and who turned his academic master. [49] In terms of detailed research Gambra's focus is on 5 major topics: mathematical logic, theory of analogy, theory of argumentation (fallacious reasoning in particular), substance theory (accidental property in particular) and Aristotelian logic; most are interwinned, like accident and predicates. Currently his lines of investigation officially listed at the Complutense web page are named as "Historia de la Lógica Medieval", "Estudios sobre el Organon de Aristóteles", "Filosofía de la matemática", and "Teoría de la argumentación y del razonamiento falaz". [50]

Gambra's interest in mathematical logic is related to works of Aristotle, [51] Walter Burley, [52] Gottlob Frege, [53] David Hilbert [54] and Pierre Thibaud. [55] His particular focus is on questions related to the theory of predicates, explored mostly in works written during the 1980s and 1990s. [56] The theory of analogy was chronologically the first investigated as subject of Gambra's PhD dissertation (1977) [57] and it has been analysed during the following 25 years. Initially Gambra inspected the issue as discussed by Santiago María Ramírez; later on his inquiry targeted Juan de Santo Tomás, [58] Jacques Maritain [59] and Aristotle. [60] The theory of substance and accident earned Gambra's works written between 1993 and 2017; apart from the usual Aristotelian opus they were dedicated to Boethius [61] and numerous medieval thinkers, [62] in particular Petrus Hispanus. [63] Fallacious reasoning as part of argumentation theory comes up repeatedly in various Gambra's works, but it is inspected also in few dedicated studies. [64] Aristotle's thought has been analysed in detail in terms of his understanding of a metaphor, [65] denotation, [66] dialectics, [67] predicates [68] and other concepts; [69] however, Gambra also offered a general analysis of the Stagirite's logic. [70]

logical diagram (sample) First-order tableau with unification.svg
logical diagram (sample)

Most popular Gambra's philosophical works are books co-authored with Manuel Oriol Salgado and dedicated to the Aristotelian logic: Lógica aristotélica (2008) [71] and Ejercicios de lógica aristotélica (2008); [72] they are formatted as textbooks intended for students of philosophy. His original PhD dissertation has been revised and published as La analogía en general: síntesis tomista de Santiago M. Ramírez (2002). [73] Gambra has also translated from French into Spanish La logique de Charles Sanders Peirce. De l'algèbre aux graphes by Pierre Thibaud. [74] He fathered some 50 minor pieces, published either as contributions to joint-work volumes or in specialized reviews, like Anuario filosófico, Ciudad de Díos, Convivia, Philosophica, Philosophica Malacitana, Philosophie Antique, Revista de filosofía, Thémata, Tópicos, or Verbo. Most have been published in Spanish, though few are available in French [75] or in English. [76]

Theorist of Traditionalism

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Marcel Lefebvre

Having a Carlist thinker and politician as his father and a Carlist novelist as his mother, Gambra inherited the Traditionalist outlook from both parents. Initially this mindset was calibrated along religious rather than political lines, especially that in the aftermath of the Second Vatican Council Gambra Ciudad adopted an increasingly skeptical position towards the changes advanced by papacy. In the mid-1970s it soon took shape of support for archbishop Marcel Lefebvre and his refusal to accept the conclusions of Vaticanum II. Gambra Gutiérrez first translated from French Lefebvre's pamphlet J'accuse le Concile! (1978), [77] and then published a compilation of his works combined with extensive and highly sympathetic commentary and introduction: Monseñor Lefebvre: vida y pensamiento de un obispo católico (1980). [78] Throughout later decades in numerous minor works he formulated his vision of Catholicism in modern world, not infrequently skeptical about the teaching of John Paul II. [79] When outlining the conflict between personalismo of Maritain and divinismo of Palacios he decidedly sided with the latter. [80] Gambra also attempted to challenge Maritain-derived personalist vision of human rights, human dignity and human identity; instead he offered their redefinition in line with traditional Catholic thinking. [81] From Traditionalist positions he confronted the concept of religiously neutral public space and advocated Catholic engagement in politics. [82] Gambra tried to put his idea into practice; in 2007 he was running in elections for a seat in the Madrid town hall. Together with his daughter, they formed part of a lay Catholic list named Tercio Católico de Acción Política; the bid ended in failure. [83]

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Reinaré en España

In 2019 Gambra published his opus magnum in terms of Traditionalist political theory, La sociedad tradicional y sus enemigos. [84] The book was developed from a series of lectures, delivered during few previous years to members of Hermandad de Madrid, the youth branch of FSSPX; [85] it is organized as a series of brief essays dealing with specific topics, grouped into 8 chapters. [86] The lecture departs from the Popper's notion of open society, but proceeds to dismantle it. According to Gambra, Popper's bipolar division into liberal/totalitarian and conservative/progressive is untenable, as doctrines counted into both groups are in fact based on the same, revolutionary premises. [87] Societies trapped into this false alternative grow desperate seeking solutions to malaise haunting modern communities – like "depravity of global capitalism", "culture of death", "increasingly proud crime" – but find recipes which are only partial and usually aggravate the crisis. Gambra presents Traditionalism as the only complete solution. He repudiates theories which present it as sort of Amish-like attempt to reproduce the past; instead, he presents it as the drive to reinstate traditional principles – i.e. these derived from the Revelation – in the light of present circumstances. [88] Apart from trademark Traditionalist onslaught on liberalism [89] the lecture contains also a new, somewhat veiled thread: warning against populist recipes advanced in Spain in the late 2010s. [90] In some of his explicit writings Gambra concluded that eventually, parties like Vox would lead to "reproduction of the same democratic and secular despotism that we suffer from". [91]

Carlist

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Don Sixto

Initially Gambra's public engagements were related to the lay Catholic movement [92] and there is no information on his activity in Carlist political structures. [93] He engrossed in buildup of a Traditionalist youth club in Madrid, which in the early post-Francoist period materialized as Círculo Cultural Antonio Molle Lazo. [94] Gambra remained its moving spirit during the following 25 years [95] and assumed its presidency; [96] he excelled as organizer and protagonist of various classes and lectures. [97] He assumed executive roles also in two nationwide cultural think-tanks flavored with Traditionalism: Fundación Elías de Tejada [98] and Consejo de Estudios Hispánicos Felipe II. [99] In terms of political allegiances Gambra followed his father, who in 2001 assumed leadership of Communión Tradicionalista; the organization seceded from the Carlist umbrella organization CTC and declared dynastical loyalty to Sixto Enrique de Borbón. Gambra Gutiérrez rose to high political roles in the party only after death of his father in 2004; in 2007 he entered Secretariato Político. [100] He was among co-organizers of the 2008 Carlist Congress [101] and delivered "the most important doctrinal lecture". [102] In 2009 he was awarded Orden de la Legitimidad Proscrita. [103] In 2010 Gambra replaced Miguel Ayuso as the leader of CT, appointed both head of Secretaría Política [104] and Jefe Delegado. [105]

Gambra's ascent confirmed rigid position of CT versus CTC. Already when assuming the post he declared that "only CT ... maintains the Carlist doctrine in its integrity". In 2012 he launched a frontal onslaught against CTC; Gambra denied its Traditionalist credentials, dubbed it "neocarlismo parroquial" and diagnosed that its leaders were more than happy to dilute non-negotiable principles in search of alliances. [106] He lambasted also the carlohuguista pretender Carlos Javier as a ridicule figure interested mostly in getting front-page coverage of gossip magazines; [107] the progressist Partido Carlista was dubbed “false" and having nothing to do with genuine Carlism. [108] Gambra's vision of the party strategy was this of a long-term endurance based on doctrinal consistency, discipline, cultural work, no-compromise stand and proud boasting of the Traditionalist identity. [109]

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Carlist standard

During Gambra's tenure CT is firmly positioned as the party of protest which contests the Spanish political regime. [110] It does not participate in elections, declares the electoral process false and calls for abstentionism, [111] be it on the municipal, [112] regional, [113] or general level. [114] Low turnout at the polls is usually declared the Traditionalist success. [115] The party activity is focused on cultural agenda: official and semi-official websites or profiles in social media, public ceremonies held locally, formative classes or courses. Gambra himself is active as a lecturer and pundit, e.g. at Coloquios Fuego y Raya, [116] Complutense Comunera [117] or at other social media platforms. [118] Occasionally he sends out letters to public media, e.g. protesting left-wing anti-religious violence at Complutense in 2011, [119] clarifying Carlist position versus Catalanist separatism in 2017, [120] or voicing about removal of Franco's remnants from Valle de los Caídos in 2019. [121] In 2020 Gambra suffered an infarction, [122] but he recovered shortly and resumed his public activity. [123] In October 2021 Gambra resigned as jefe of Secretaría Politica and as Jefe Delegado. [124]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ until today Casa Gambra and Casa Sanz are iconic mansions of the area, compare Qué visitar section at the Ayuntamiento de Roncal web page, available here Archived 1 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine , or Roncal section at the vallederoncal tourist service, available here
  2. ↑ Rafael Gambra, El Valle de Roncal en la Guerra de la Independencia, [in:] Principe de Viana 20/76-77 (1959), pp. 187–215
  3. ↑ ABC 25.05.30, available here
  4. ↑ in the late 1870s he was jefe de administración honorario employed in Dirección General de Propiedades y Derechos de Estado, see Guía Oficial de España 1879, p. 642, available here. In the late 1880s he served as administrador de contribuciones in the province of Madrid, see La Iberia 28.05.89, available here, becoming Delegado de Hacienda in Valladolid in 1896, see La Iberia 28.01.96, available here. In 1911 he rose to debt and budget administration in the ministry, Guía Oficial de España 1911, p. 514, available here
  5. ↑ ABC 11.08.64, available here
  6. ↑ Rafael Gambra, gran filósofo tradicionalista, [in:] Fundación Nacional Francisco Franco service, available here Archived 9 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ see drafts and sketches at Europeana service, available here and refurbishment of Palacio del Marqués de Miraflores
  8. ↑ Ignacio Hernando de Larramendi, Así se hizo Mapfre. Mi tiempo, Madrid 2000, ISBN   9788487863875, pp. 29–30
  9. ↑ Rafael Gambra, gran filósofo tradicionalista, [in:] Fundación Nacional Francisco Franco , available here Archived 2 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ↑ ABC 10.02.15, available here
  11. ↑ see the official Cortes service, available here
  12. ↑ see the official Senate service, available here
  13. ↑ Rafael Gambra, gran filósofo tradicionalista, [in:] Fundación Nacional Francisco Franco
  14. ↑ Manuel Santa Cruz Alberto Ruiz de Galarreta, Rafael Gambra. un hombre cabal, [in:] Anales de la Fundación Francisco Elías de Tejada 2004 (10), p. 174
  15. ↑ a battalion composed mostly of the Castilians, for its operational history see Julio Aróstegui, Combatientes Requetés en la Guerra Civil española, 1936–1939, Madrid 2013, ISBN 9788499709758, p. 653-667
  16. ↑ Rafael Gambra Ciudad 1920–2004, [in:] Filosofia service, available here
  17. ↑ Miguel Ayuso Torres, Rafael Gambra en el pensamiento tradicional español, [in:] Anales de la Fundación Francisco Elías de Tejada 10 (2004), pp. 162–164
  18. ↑ she was professor of history and geography at Instituto Ramiro de Maeztu in Madrid, Miguel Arazuri, [in:] BiblioRomance service, available here
  19. ↑ she authored some 30 novels, some of them forming part of a wider entity, see Miguel Arazuri, [in:] BiblioRomance service, available here
  20. ↑ Santa Cruz 2004, p. 176
  21. ↑ Luis Hernando de Larramendi, In memoriam. Rafael Gambra. Los Gambra y los Larramendi: una mistad carlista, [in:] Anales de la Fundación Francisco Elías de Tejada 10 (2004), p. 172
  22. ↑ at times referred to as "Navarro", Mártires de la Tradición, Madrid 2014: primer reportaje entry, [in:] Molle Lazo blog 16.03.14 [link https://mollelazo.blog*pot.com/2014/03/martires-de-la-tradicion-madrid-2014.html blocked by Wikipedia, entering at own responsibility]
  23. ↑ J.B., Prof. José Miguel Gambra – nowy "premier" legitymistycznej Hiszpanii, [w:] Legityzmizm service, available here
  24. ↑ Crónica de la Cena de Cristo Rey 2015, [in:] Mollelazo blog 08.11.15, [link https://mollelazo.blog*pot.com/2015/11/ blocked by Wikipedia, entering at own responsibility]
  25. ↑ J.B., Prof. José Miguel Gambra – nowy "premier" legitymistycznej Hiszpanii, [w:] Legityzmizm service, available here
  26. ↑ her PhD thesis was titled El símbolo de la fe y su iconografía en el arte medieval hispánico, see Dialnet Unirioja service, available here
  27. ↑ Rafael Gambra Ciudad entry, [in:] Filosofia service, available here
  28. ↑ Cena homenaje a Gabriela Morales, delegada de las Margaritas en la Nueva España, [in:] Margaritas Tradición blog 18.07.07 [link http://margaritastradicion.blog*pot.com/2007/ blocked by Wikipedia, entering at own responsibility]
  29. ↑ Boletín Oficial de la Comunidad de Madrid 162 (01.05.2007), available here
  30. ↑ BOE 06.02.08, available here
  31. ↑ for Marcos Gambra Mariné see his professional profile at the LinkedIn service, available here
  32. ↑ for Miguel Gambra Mariné see his professional profile at the LinkedIn service, available here; he was also jefe of Juventudes Tradicionalistas of Madrid. For Clara Gambra Mariné see her professional profile at the LinkedIn service, available here
  33. ↑ Andrés Gambra Gutiérrez was or is related to UCM, UNED, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Colegio Universitario Domingo de Soto (Segovia), Universidad Francisco (Vitoria) and Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, see D. Andrés Gambra Gutierrez, [in:] Universidad Rey Juan Carlos service, available here; for some of his works see dialnet.unirioja service, available here
  34. ↑ he served as secretario general and member of Consejo de Gobierno, D. Andrés Gambra Gutierrez, [in:] Universidad Rey Juan Carlos service, available here
  35. ↑ see Biblioteca Complutense service, available here
  36. ↑ BOE 12.05.75, available here
  37. ↑ BOE 12.06.76, available here
  38. ↑ Miguel Ayuso, Los antimaritainianos de la ‘Rive Droite’, [in:] Verbo 529–530 (2014), p. 852
  39. ↑ see e.g. Dialnet Unirioja service, available here
  40. ↑ BOE 25.04.78, available here
  41. ↑ BOE 03.06.82, available here
  42. ↑ BOE 29.01.83, available here
  43. ↑ BOE 13.12.86, available here
  44. ↑ Boletín Oficial de la Comunidad de Madrid 29.04.10, available here
  45. ↑ BOE 07.05.02, available here
  46. ↑ Concurso 18029-P. Valoración, [in:] Universidad Complutense de Madrid service, available here
  47. ↑ Resolución Rectoral de 12 de enero de 2018, [in:] Universidad Complutense de Madrid service, available here, also Boletín Oficial de la Comunidad de Madrid 28.05.18, available here
  48. ↑ Departamento de Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, [in:] Universidad Complutense de Madrid service, available here
  49. ↑ El Patronato, [in:] Fundación Elías de Tejada service, available here
  50. ↑ Líneas de investigación del Departamento de Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, [in: ] Universidad Complutense de Madrid service, available here
  51. ↑ El número en Aristóteles, [in:] Thémata: Revista de filosofía 17 (1996), pp. 45–74
  52. ↑ El compromiso de existencia y la teoría de la predicación en la obra de Gualtiero Burley, [in:] Archives d'Histoire Doctrinale et Littèraire du Moyen Âge 63 (1996), pp. 139–170
  53. ↑ Arithmetical Abstraction in Aristotle and Frege, [in:] Ignacio Angelelli, María Cerezo (eds.), Studies on the History of Logic, Berlin 2020, pp. 295–316
  54. ↑ La Filosofía de David Hilbert, [in:] Thémata: Revista de filosofía 14 (1995), pp. 147–179, La epistemología hilbertiana de la matemática, [in:] Eugenio de Bustos Tovar (ed.), Actas del I Congreso de la Sociedad de Lógica, Metodología y Filosofía de la Ciencia en España, Madrid 1997, ISBN 8460483428, pp. 349–351
  55. ↑ see Gambra's translation of La lógica de Charles Sanders Peirce: del álgebra a los gráficos, Madrid 1982, ISBN 8428311706
  56. ↑ El lugar de los sofismas en la Lógica, [in:] Revista de filosofía 1 (1987–1988), pp. 7–26; La lógica aristotélica de los predicables, [in:] Anuario filosófico 21/2 (1988), pp. 89–118; La regla aristotélica de resolución de predicados, [in:] Philosophica Malacitana 2 (1989), pp. 73–86; El compromiso de existencia y la teoría de la predicación en la obra de Gualtiero Burley, [in:] Archives d'Histoire Doctrinale et Littèraire du Moyen Âge 63 (1996), pp. 139–170; El razonamiento sofístico (privado) y la teoría de los predicables, [in:] Tópicos: revista de Filosofía 17 (1999), pp. 33–69
  57. ↑ La doctrina de la analogía en la obra de Santiago María Ramírez: hermenéutica tomista y nuevas aportaciones (1977), later published as La analogía en general: síntesis tomista de Santiago M. Ramírez, Pamplona 2002, ISBN 8431319860
  58. ↑ Juan de Santo Tomás: el significado de su obra, visto desde la teoría del concepto análogo, [in:] L. Jiménez Moreno (ed.), La Universidad Complutense Cisneriana. Impulso filosófico, científico y literario, Madrid 1996, ISBN 9788489784017, pp. 155–176
  59. ↑ Maritain et l’analogie historique, [in:] Catholica 113 (2011), pp. 12–23
  60. ↑ The Topoi from the Greater, the Lesser and the Same Degree: An Essay on the σύγκρισις in Aristotle’s Topics, [in:] Argumentation 26 (2012), pp. 413–437
  61. ↑ To Be in a Subject and Accident, [in:] Paloma Pérez-Ilzarbe, María Cerezo (eds.), History of Logic and Semantics, London 2017, ISBN 9789004324275, pp. 32–55
  62. ↑ Medieval solutions to the sophism of accident, [in:] Klaus Jacobi (ed.), Argumentations Theorie: Scholastische Forschungen Zu Den Logischen Und Semantischen Regeln Korrekten Folgerns, Leiden 1993, ISBN 9789004098220, pp. 431–450
  63. ↑ The Fallacy of the Accident in Peter of Spain Tractatus and in Other Thirteenth-Century Works, [in:] I. Angelelli, P. Pérez-Ilzarbe, Medieval and Renaissance Logic in Spain, Hildesheim 2000, ISBN 9783487111353, pp. 21–60
  64. ↑ El lugar de los sofismas en la Lógica, [in:] Revista de filosofía 1 (1987–1988), pp. 7–26; El razonamiento sofístico (privado) y la teoría de los predicables, [in:] Tópicos: revista de Filosofía 17 (1999), pp. 33–69; The Fallacy of the Accident in Peter of Spain Tractatus and in Other Thirteenth-Century Works, [in:] I. Angelelli, P. Pérez-Ilzarbe, Medieval and Renaissance Logic in Spain, Hildesheim 2000, ISBN 9783487111353, pp. 21–60
  65. ↑ La metáfora en Aristóteles, [in:] Anuario filosófico 23/2 (1990), pp. 51–68
  66. ↑ Aristóteles y la paradoja de la denotación, [in:] Convivia 4 (1993), pp. 5–26
  67. ↑ Dialéctica, ciencia y metafísica en Aristóteles, [in:] Anuario filosófico 35/72 (2002), pp. 81–128
  68. ↑ La lógica aristotélica de los predicables, [in:] Anuario filosófico 21/2 (1988), pp. 89–11, La regla aristotélica de resolución de predicados, [in:] Philosophica Malacitana 2 (1989), pp. 73–86
  69. ↑ Presentación, [in:] Anuario Filosófico 35/1 (2002), pp. 9–21; La définition des relatifs dans les Catégories et son emploi dans les Topiques, [in:] Philosophie antique: problèmes, renaissances, usages 13 (2013), pp. 225–242; La premiere logique formelle d’Aristote, [in:] Michel Bastit, Jacques Follon (eds.), Logique et métaphysique dans l'Organon d'Aristote, Leuven 2001, ISBN 9789042909144, pp. 35–47; La théorie aristotélicienne de la différence dans les "Topiques", [in:] André Laks, Michel Narcy (eds.), Philosophie Antique, vol. 3, Lille 2003, ISBN 9782859398071, pp. 21–56; Los lugares de lo preferible: ¿un quiste en los "Tópicos" de Aristóteles?, [in:] Anuario Filosófico 45/3 (2012), pp. 489–519; La perspectiva aristotélica, [in:] Manuel Oriol Salgado (ed.), Inteligencia y filosofía, Madrid 2012, ISBN 9788426904676, pp. 73–94; The topoi about the preferable: The odd ones in Aristotle’s Topics?, [in:] Anuario Filosófico 45/3 (2012), pp. 489–519;
  70. ↑ Lógica aristotélica, Madrid 2008, ISBN 9788498493368 (with Manuel Oriol Salgado); Ejercicios de lógica aristotélica, Marid 2008, ISBN 9788498493375 (with Manuel Oriol Salgado)
  71. ↑ Lógica aristotélica, Madrid 2008, ISBN 9788498493368
  72. ↑ Ejercicios de lógica aristotélica, Marid 2008, ISBN 9788498493375
  73. ↑ La analogía en general: síntesis tomista de Santiago M. Ramírez, Pamplona 2002, ISBN 8431319860
  74. ↑ the Spanish version was published as Pierre Thibaud, La lógica de Charles Sanders Peirce: del álgebra a los gráficos, Madrid 1982, ISBN 8428311706
  75. ↑ La premiere logique formelle d’Aristote, [in:] Michel Bastit, Jacques Follon (eds.), Logique et métaphysique dans l'Organon d'Aristote, Leuven 2001, ISBN 9789042909144, pp. 35–47; La théorie aristotélicienne de la différence dans les "Topiques", [in:] André Laks, Michel Narcy (eds.), Philosophie Antique, vol. 3, Lille 2003, ISBN 9782859398071; Maritain et l’analogie historique, [in:] Catholica 113 (2011), pp. 12–23; La définition des relatifs dans les Catégories et son emploi dans les Topiques, [in:] Philosophie antique: problèmes, renaissances, usages 13 (2013), pp. 225–242
  76. ↑ Medieval solutions to the sophism of accident, [in:] Klaus Jacobi (ed.), Argumentations Theorie: Scholastische Forschungen Zu Den Logischen Und Semantischen Regeln Korrekten Folgerns, Leiden 1993, ISBN 9789004098220, pp. 431–450; The Fallacy of the Accident in Peter of Spain Tractatus and in Other Thirteenth-Century Works, [in:] I. Angelelli, P. Pérez-Ilzarbe, Medieval and Renaissance Logic in Spain, Hildesheim 2000, ISBN 9783487111353, pp. 21–60; The Topoi from the Greater, the Lesser and the Same Degree: An Essay on the σύγκρισις in Aristotle’s Topics, [in:] Argumentation 26 (2012), pp. 413–437; The topoi about the preferable: The odd ones in Aristotle’s Topics?, [in:] Anuario Filosófico 45/3 (2012), pp. 489–519; To Be in a Subject and Accident, [in:] Paloma Pérez-Ilzarbe, María Cerezo (eds.), History of Logic and Semantics, London 2017, ISBN 9789004324275, pp. 32–55; Arithmetical Abstraction in Aristotle and Frege, [in:] Ignacio Angelelli, María Cerezo (eds.), Studies on the History of Logic, Berlin 2020, pp. 295–316
  77. ↑ in Spanish it was published as Marcel Lefebvre, ¡Yo acuso al concilio!, Madrid 1978, ISBN 9788473350174
  78. ↑ Monseñor Lefebvre: (vida y pensamiento de un obispo católico), Madrid 1980, ISBN 8473530365. Some 25 years later Gambra offered a follow-up and summarised what he considers adverse impact of Vaticanum II on Catholicism in Spain, see El postconcilio y la descristianización de España, [in:] XVII Jornadas de Unidad Católica de España en Zarragoza [lecture], 22 April 2006 (available online at various servises, see e.g. Unidad Católica service here)
  79. ↑ see e.g. critical references to Wojtyla's vision of personalism, La crítica del personalismo en Danilo Castellano, [in:] Miguel Ayuso Torres (ed.), La inteligencia de la política: un primer homenaje hispánico a Danilo Castellano, Madrid 2015, ISBN 9788493126537, p. 765
  80. ↑ El idealismo abstractivo de Leopoldo Eulogio Palacios, [in:] Ciudad de Dios 195 (1982), pp. 451–470; Divinismo y prudencialismo. El pensamiento político y religioso de Leopoldo Eulogio Palacios, [in:] Philosophica 6 (1983), pp. 215–232; Maritain et l’analogie historique, [in:] Catholica 113 (2011), pp. 12–23; La crítica del personalismo en Danilo Castellano, [in:] Miguel Ayuso Torres (ed.), La inteligencia de la política: un primer homenaje hispánico a Danilo Castellano, Madrid 2015, ISBN 9788493126537, pp. 193–216; El divinismo de Leopoldo-Eulogio Palacios, [in:] Fuego y Raya 6/12 (2016), pp. 113–122; El liberalismo católico, [in:] Verbo 571–572 (2019), pp. 7–23; see also an earlier, but not irrelevant work La fábula del «homo creator» (De la búsqueda del método a la praxis del cambio), [in:] Actas 147 (1976), pp. 925–938
  81. ↑ El modernismo filosófico, [in:] Verbo 455–456 (2007), pp. 395–420; Personalismo, individualismo y liberalismo, [in:] Verbo 463–464 (2008), pp. 295–304; Educación, libertad y verdad, [in:] Verbo 475–476 (2009), pp. 375–396; La noción clásica de dignidad y los derechos humanos, [in:] Anales de la Fundación Francisco Elías de Tejada 16 (2010), pp. 31–54; El concepto de dignidad humana, [in:] Bernard Dumont, Miguel Ayuso Torres, Danilo Castellano (eds.), Iglesia y política: cambiar de paradigma, Madrid 2013, ISBN 9788493955083, pp. 139–170; La filosofía de Menéndez Pelayo en las polémicas de "la ciencia española", [in:] Fuego y Raya 3/5 (2013), pp. 109–144
  82. ↑ ¿Debe ser católica la acción política?, [in:] Verbo 407–408 (2002), pp. 591–596; El patriotismo clásico en la actualidad, [in:] Verbo 481–482 (2010), pp. 85–100; Apología del cristianismo frente al Islam, [in:] Verbo 485–486 (2010), pp. 501–515; Cristiandad a secas y prudencia cristiana, [in:] Verbo 529–530 (2014), pp. 825–838; La constitución cristiana de las comunidades políticas y la resistencia ante el poder, [in:] Verbo 589–590 (2020), pp. 901–930
  83. ↑ Boletín Oficial de la Comunidad de Madrid 162 (01.05.2007), available here
  84. ↑ José Miguel Gambra, La sociedad tradicional y sus enemigos, Guillermo Escolar Editor, Madrid 2019, ISBN 9788417134693
  85. ↑ Vicente Berrocal, José Miguel Gambra, La sociedad tradicional y sus enemigos [review], [in:] Verbo 573–574 (2019), pp. 324–325
  86. ↑ they are titled as follows: 1. Aristóteles y las paradojas de la modernidad política (pp. 11–38), 2. El bien común (39–52), 3. Las dos espadas (53–70), 4. El liberalismo: la raíz del mal (71–96), 5. El liberalismo católico(97–112), 6. Patria y nacionalismo (113–134), 7. Corporaciones y totalitarismo (135–176), 8. Las formas de gobierno (177–216)
  87. ↑ Juan Manuel de Prada sobre La sociedad tradicional y sus enemigos, [in:] Balmes Libreria service, available here
  88. ↑ Jorge Alvarez Palomino, La sociedad tradicional y sus enemigos [review], [in:] Aportes 102 (2020), pp. 198–200
  89. ↑ alreadduring the 2008 Carlist Congress Gambra delivered a vehement onslaught on liberalism as the original cause of all political problems haunting modern societies, compare Jacek Bartyzel, Kongres Międzynarodowy w 175. rocznicę karlizmu. Madryt, 27–28 września 2008 r., [in:] Legitymizm service, available here
  90. ↑ he advanced this theory already in 2017, see his El populismo en España, [in:] Miguel Ayuso Torres (ed.), Pueblo y populismo: los desafíos políticos contemporáneos, Madrid 2017, ISBN 9788493126544, pp. 203–228
  91. ↑ José Miguel Gambra, Vox, ¿una esperanza?, [in:] Carlismo service 12.12.18, available here Archived 11 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  92. ↑ e.g. he attended the Leigos para a animação cristã da ordem temporal congress (Fatima 1972), see his Crónica del IV Congreso, [in:] Verbo 109–110 (1972), pp. 958–960, available here, and X Congress of Office International Pluralism and Unity (Lausanne 1974), see his Croñica del X Congreso, [in:] Verbo 124–125 (1974), pp. 417–419, available here
  93. ↑ none of fairly extensive works dealing with Carlism of late Francoism and so-called transición mentions Gambra, compare Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, El naufragio de las ortodoxias. El carlismo, 1962–1977, Pamplona 1997; ISBN 9788431315641, Daniel Jesús García Riol, La resistencia tradicionalista a la renovación ideológica del carlismo (1965–1973) [PhD thesis UNED], Madrid 2015, Ramón María Rodón Guinjoan, Invierno, primavera y otoño del carlismo (1939–1976) [PhD thesis Universitat Abat Oliba CEU], Barcelona 2015
  94. ↑ Nuevo delegado de la Comunión Tradicionalista, [in:] Carlismo service, available here Archived 12 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  95. ↑ compare Molle Lazo blog for 2004 [link https://mollelazo.blog*pot.com/2004/ blocked by Wikipedia, entering at own responsibility]
  96. ↑ he was confirmed as president of Junta Directiva in 2005, compare Nueva Junta Directiva, [in:] Molle Lazo blog 22.09.05 [link https://mollelazo.blog*pot.com/2005/ blocked by Wikipedia, entering at own responsibility]
  97. ↑ compare Reunión de escritores, [in:] Molle Lazo blog 03.11.06 [link https://mollelazo.blog*pot.com/2006/ blocked by Wikipedia, entering at own responsibility]
  98. ↑ El Patronato, [in:] Fundación Elías de Tejada service, available here
  99. ↑ J.B., Prof. José Miguel Gambra – nowy "premier" legitymistycznej Hiszpanii, [w:] Legityzmizm service, available here
  100. ↑ J.B. 2010
  101. ↑ named Congreso Conmemorativo de los 175 años del Carlismo
  102. ↑ Jacek Bartyzel, Kongres Międzynarodowy w 175. rocznicę karlizmu. Madryt, 27–28 września 2008 r., [in:] Legitymizm service, available here
  103. ↑ J.B., Prof. José Miguel Gambra – nowy "premier" legitymistycznej Hiszpanii, [w:] Legityzmizm service, available here
  104. ↑ Crónica de la Cena de Cristo Rey 2010, [in:] Molle Lazo service 27.10.10, [link https://mollelazo.blog*pot.com/2010/ blocked by Wikipedia, entering at own responsibility]
  105. ↑ he is first noted as Jefe Delegado in January 2010, Nuevo Jefe Delegado de la Comunión Tradicionalista, [in:] Molle Lazo service 11.01.10, [link https://mollelazo.blog*pot.com/2010/01/nuevo-jefe-delegado-de-la-comunion.html blocked by Wikipedia, entering at own responsibility]
  106. ↑ in his militant statement Gambra referred to "an organization which names itself Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista", reportedly obsessed with reviling CT. "The so-called CTC ... since its emergence it has been dominated by the same obsession with being granted a place [in political establishment?]. They settle for a minimum of doctrine to seek association with any group or party, be it Christian Democrat or Fascist, that wants to uphold the so-called "non-negotiable principles"; they try to unite a historicist, sentimental and folkloric Carlism in the hope of expanding some bases linked under a scrawny and skeletal doctrine". Also that "its ultimate inspiration, since always, has been a vague Carlist ideology subject to ecclesial directives typical of a conciliar parish". Gambra went on to claim that "like priests in their parishes, they [CTC] seem willing to welcome almost the entire political spectrum, but not what they call fundamentalism", Del carlismo tardosocialista al neocarlismo parroquial, [in:] Molle Lazo service 07.07.12, [link https://mollelazo.blog*pot.com/2012/07/del-carlismo-tardosocialista-al.html blocked by Wikipedia, entering at own responsibility]
  107. ↑ according to Gambra Carlos Javier's "aspiración probablemente se reduce a que el ¡Hola! le abone a su cuenta de famosos, Del carlismo tardosocialista al neocarlismo parroquial, [in:] Molle Lazo service 07.07.12, [link https://mollelazo.blog*pot.com/2012/07/del-carlismo-tardosocialista-al.html blocked by Wikipedia, entering at own responsibility]
  108. ↑ Carlos Javier entrevistado por "El Español:, ¿con animo humorístico?, [in:] Carlismo service 12.12.20, available here Archived 14 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine
  109. ↑ in 2018 Gambra outlined 3 principles of his political strategy: 1) maintain consistency (no immoderate, hectic and exhausting activism; no advise which is in fact order; no “moderate” lukewarmness; no public backbench criticism; no individual actions; no leadership frenzy); 2) be proud and loud about our principles (no excuses; no defeatism; no complaints); 3) combat demoralisation (no asking for understanding, no apologies for alleged crimes, no begging for forgiveness), see his Militancia y deberes de caridad política, [in:] Carlismo service, available here Archived 11 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  110. ↑ the challenge was extended also to the 1978 constitution; "tal sistema conduce inexorablemente a la degeneración de las costumbres, al deterioro de la convivencia y al desorden en todos los aspectos de la vida social", Abstencionismo militante de la Comunión Tradicionalista, [in:] Carlismo service 16.11.11, available here Archived 11 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  111. ↑ "cabe también torpedear el sistema con un abstencionismo de lucha que, para no confundirse con la abstención apática, debe ir acompañado de una acción política y de una propaganda eficaz", Abstencionismo militante de la Comunión Tradicionalista, [in:] Carlismo service 16.11.11, available here Archived 11 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  112. ↑ Ante las elecciones del 4 de mayo a la asamblea de Madrid abstención, [in:] Carlismo service 28.04.21, available here Archived 28 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  113. ↑ Comuníon Tradicionalista llama a la abstención, [in:] Asturias Mundial service, available here
  114. ↑ Abstencionismo militante de la Comunión Tradicionalista, [in:] Carlismo service 16.11.11, available here Archived 11 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  115. ↑ compare Triunfo de la abstención en las elecciones autonómicas en Cataluña, [in:] Carlismo service 15.02.21, available here [ permanent dead link ], La abstención, pedida por los carlistas —la Comunión Tradicionalista— probablemente sea la ganadora de las elecciones autonómicas de hoy domingo en Cataluña, 14.02.21 post at the official CT Twitter profile, available here
  116. ↑ compare e.g. Recordatorio a los 40 años de la española de 1978, [in:] Carlismo service 13.11.18, available here [ permanent dead link ]
  117. ↑ compare e.g. the post of 15.01.20 at the Complutense Comunera FB profile, available here
  118. ↑ see e.g. an interview at YouTube service, available here
  119. ↑ ABC 28.03.11, available here
  120. ↑ El Mundo 30.09.17, available here
  121. ↑ Carta abierta de la Comunión Tradicionalista, [in:] Carlismo service 10.10.19, available here Archived 11 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  122. ↑ José Miguel Gambra, Jefe Delegado de la Comunión Tradicionalista, ha sufrido un infarto, post of Agencia Faro [in:] Twitter service 07.10.20, available here
  123. ↑ compare Agencia Faro communique [in:] Facebook service 27.05.21, available here
  124. ↑ Mensaje de Don Sixto Enrique de Borbón a los carlistas, [in:] Carlismo service, available here Archived 6 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine
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