Journal of Austrian-American History

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Austrian-American relations

By the mid-eighteenth century and the period of the American revolution, the Austrian-American relationship had already become significant. [3] Transatlantic trade had already begun here between the Austrian-controlled port of Trieste and Philadelphia, while by the 1780s, the imperial court established the first Austrian representative in the Americas, Baron de Beelen-Bertholff, as a trade envoy.

In 1820, appointed by Emperor Francis II, Alois von Lederer became the first Austrian Consul General to the United States. By 1829, with the blessing of Klemens von Metternich, Austrian religious and entrepreneurial elites had established the Leopoldine Society, a missionary endeavor founded to support Catholics in the United States, though in its early years, the Society devoted some of its greatest attention to Anishinaabe groups and Indigenous Peoples of the Upper Midwest. [4] [5]

During the American Civil War, Habsburg elites, such as Charles Frederick de Loosey, the Austrian consul in New York, finessed a balance among U.S., Austrian, and Mexican interests. [6] [7] Meanwhile, immigrants from across Austria-Hungary had begun to shape everyday life in the fields of media and commerce, popular and high culture, and more. [8] [9]

The First World War reconfigured Austrian-American relations, not least through the postwar redrawing of Austro-Hungarian borders and the financial reconstruction of the First Austrian Republic. [10] [11] But inasmuch as the U.S. Senate had rejected the Treaty of Versailles, the process of reaching a U.S.-Austrian peace took a circuitous and prolonged path. [12]

These latter developments represent only a few of the highlights in a twentieth-century characterized by a series of bilateral milestones in political, economic, and diplomatic relations between the two countries. [13] [14] Meanwhile, immigrants and refugees from Austria and the historic Habsburg region have contributed significantly in American achievements in the arts, culture, and sciences, even as these trailblazers have been described as "silent invaders." [15] [16]

With few exceptions, as when the U.S. Justice Department barred Austrian president Kurt Waldheim from entering the United States, American public opinion has only occasionally registered the Austrian National Socialist past.

Following the Second World War, images, tropes -- and not least, revenue -- generated by the tourism industry did much to promote symbols of natural beauty, Alpine purity, and culture, and delivered a comforting, if forgetful, new gloss to the Austrian nation brand. [17] Meanwhile, the entertainment industry continues to reshuffle episodes in Austrian-American history, via familiar tropes of imperial Austria, the Cold War, "Coca-Colonization", and more. [18] [19] [20]

Published volumes

The Journal of Austrian-American History publishes articles representing the full diversity of scholarship on the Austrian-American relationship. The first volume, which appeared in 2017, included articles on Hungarian migrant marriages in the United States, a study of Austrian and Dustbowl refugees, as they appear in Hollywood cinema, and an assessment of Hip hop, Malcolm X, and Muslim activism in Austria. [21] [22] [23] The volume that followed featured a special issue on migration from Central Europe, together with articles on the ties between the industrialist and arts patron Walter Paepcke, the Hungarian artist László Moholy-Nagy, and an emerging Bauhaus sensibility in Chicago, among others. [24]

The Journal has also presented archival research foregrounding the correspondence of prominent Habsburg-Americans, with articles devoted to John R. Palandech (Ivan Palandačić), the well-known immigrant publisher, politician, and entrepreneur in Chicago, and an essay by Walter D. Kamphoefner on language and loyalty among German Americans during World War I. [25] [26] Oral histories of American diplomatic personnel stationed in Vienna from 1945–55, recorded by the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, are also featured. [27]

Transatlantic cultural relations remain a continuing focus of Journal contributions. The 2020 volume includes an investigation of Vienna and the British-American film production, The Third Man, as a locus classicus for postwar espionage, while the 2021 volume includes five essays devoted to "Americans in Vienna 1945-1955," and the 2022 special issue highlights "Musical Diplomacy in Austrian-American Relations." [28] [29]

The 2022 journal special issue delivers an assessment by Günter Bischof of Allied post-World War II occupation and nation-building, and its lessons for the future. [30] That same volume included a special issue on "Austrian Children and Youth Fleeing Nazi Austria," with four contributions, ranging from an essay on Ernst Papanek to an article on intracategorical complexity in the memoirs of young Jewish Austrian emigrants to the United States. [31] [32] [33] Following the 2023 collection of essays devoted to the Hungarian-American scholar István Deák, the most recent Journal issue presents new research on the United States and the development tourism in Austria, together with articles on Central European Initiatives in 19th Century America." [34]

Editorial board

The editorial board of the Journal of Austrian-American History is composed of Austrian history scholars in the United States and Europe, including Siegfried Beer, Peter Becker, Günter Bischof, Gary B. Cohen, Olivia Florek, Farid Hafez, Christian Karner, Teresa Kovacs, Nathan Marcus, Anita McChesney, Britta McEwen, Martin Nedbal, Nicole M. Phelps, Dominique Reill, Julia Secklehner, and Jonathan Singerton. Journal editor is Michael Burri.

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Journal of Austrian-American History". www.psupress.org. Retrieved 2019-11-04.
  2. ↑ Journal of Austrian-American history. 2017. OCLC   964078930.
  3. ↑ Singerton, Jonathan (2022). The American Revolution and the Habsburg Monarchy. The Revolutionary age. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. ISBN   978-0-8139-4821-8.
  4. ↑ Singerton, Jonathan (2024-09-30). "A Spiritual Lacuna: The Austrian Leopoldine Society and the United States of America". Journal of Austrian-American History. 8 (2): 73–87. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.8.2.0073. ISSN   2475-0905.
  5. ↑ Hayes, Patrick J. (2024-09-30). "Historical Sources for the Beginnings of Redemptorist Ministry with Native Americans, 1832–1837". Journal of Austrian-American History. 8 (2): 180–203. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.8.2.0180. ISSN   2475-0905.
  6. ↑ Singerton, Jonathan (2021). The American Revolution and the Habsburg Monarchy. Charlottesville. ISBN   978-0-8139-4823-2. OCLC   1287197677.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ↑ Bertonha, João Fábio (2020). "Representing Austrian, American, and Mexican Interests: Consul Charles Frederick de Loosey in Emperor Maximilian's Diplomacy, 1864–1867". Journal of Austrian-American History. 4: 73–92. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0073. ISSN   2475-0905. JSTOR   10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0073. S2CID   234994791.
  8. ↑ Kratochvíl, Matěj (2022-05-18). "Music as an Adaptation Strategy: The Hruby Family's Voyage from Cehnice to Cleveland". Journal of Austrian-American History. 6 (1): 1–13. doi: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.6.1.0001 . ISSN   2475-0905.
  9. ↑ Nedbal, Martin (2022). "Czech-German Collaborations at the Metropolitan Opera in the Early Twentieth Century". Journal of Austrian-American History. 6: 14–43. doi: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.6.1.0014 . S2CID   258269989 . Retrieved 2023-06-07.
  10. ↑ Marcus, Nathan (2018). Austrian reconstruction and the collapse of global finance, 1921-1931. Cambridge, Massachusetts. ISBN   978-0-674-98258-1. OCLC   1030308116.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  11. ↑ Suppan, Arnold (2019). The Imperialist Peace Order in Central Europe : Saint-Germain and Trianon, 1919-1920. Vienna. ISBN   978-3-7001-8635-9. OCLC   1134393329.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  12. ↑ Phelps, Nicole M. (2022-10-18). "Rights without Ratification: How the US Government Found Its Way to Peace with Austria in the 1920s". Journal of Austrian-American History. 6 (2): 105–135. doi:10.5325/pennhistory.6.2.0105. ISSN   2475-0905. S2CID   258664283.
  13. ↑ Bischof, Günter (2017). The Marshall Plan : saving Europe, rebuilding Austria : the European recovery plan, the ERP Fund, the Austrian Marshall Plan Foundation. Hans Petschar (1st ed.). [New Orleans]. ISBN   978-1-60801-147-6. OCLC   1007133337.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ↑ The Vienna Summit and its importance in international history. Günter Bischof, Stefan Karner, Barbara Stelzl-Marx. Lanham. 2014. ISBN   978-0-7391-8557-5. OCLC   869556201.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  15. ↑ Spaulding, Ernest Wilder (1968). The Quiet Invaders: The Story of the Austrian Impact upon America. Vienna: Österreichischer Bundesverlag.
  16. ↑ Bischof, Günter (2017). Quiet Invaders Revisited: Biographies of Twentieth Century Immigrants to the United States. Transatlantica. Innsbruck: StudienVerlag. ISBN   978-3-7065-5606-4.
  17. ↑ Richter, Hannes R. (2024-06-12). "A Convenient Truth? Austrian Tourism and Nation Brand in the United States". Journal of Austrian-American History. 8 (1): 52–71. doi: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.8.1.0052 . ISSN   2475-0905.
  18. ↑ Scholz, Anne-Marie (2021-12-01). "Preaching to the Unconverted: The Third Man (1949) as Historical Resource for Exploring the Topic of Americans in Vienna, 1945–1955". Journal of Austrian-American History. 5 (2): 157–179. doi: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.2.0157 . ISSN   2475-0905. S2CID   251748860.
  19. ↑ Wagnleitner, Reinhold (1994). Coca-colonization and the Cold War : the cultural mission of the United States in Austria after the Second World War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN   0-585-02898-2. OCLC   42329416.
  20. ↑ World film locations. Vienna. Robert Dassanowsky. Bristol: Intellect Books. 2012. ISBN   978-1-84150-569-5. OCLC   775066509.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  21. ↑ Oberly, James W. (2017). "Love at First Sight and an Arrangement for Life: Investigating and Interpreting a 1910 Hungarian Migrant Marriage". Journal of Austrian-American History. 1 (1): 69–97. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.1.1.0069. ISSN   2475-0905. JSTOR   10.5325/jaustamerhist.1.1.0069.
  22. ↑ Vansant, Jacqueline (2017). "Austrian and Dustbowl Refugees Unite in Three Faces West (1940)". Journal of Austrian-American History. 1 (1): 98–116. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.1.1.0098. ISSN   2475-0905. JSTOR   10.5325/jaustamerhist.1.1.0098.
  23. ↑ Hafez, Farid (2018). "From Harlem to the "Hoamatlond": Hip-Hop, Malcolm X, and Muslim Activism in Austria". Journal of Austrian-American History. 1 (2): 159–180. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.1.2.0159.
  24. ↑ Journal of Austrian-American History. 2 (2). 2018. JSTOR   10.5325/jaustamerhist.2.1.issue-1.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link)
  25. ↑ Fischer-Nebmaier, Wladimir (2019). "John R. Palandech (1874–1956): The Many Faces of a Chicago Transatlantic Immigrant Media Man". Journal of Austrian-American History. 3 (1): 26–87. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.3.1.0026. ISSN   2475-0905. JSTOR   10.5325/jaustamerhist.3.1.0026. S2CID   214195945.
  26. ↑ Kamphoefner, Walter D. (2019). "Language and Loyalty among German Americans in World War I". Journal of Austrian-American History. 3 (1): 1–25. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.3.1.0001. ISSN   2475-0905. JSTOR   10.5325/jaustamerhist.3.1.0001. S2CID   214312004.
  27. ↑ "American Diplomatic Personnel in Austria, 1945–1955: Oral Histories from the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training". Journal of Austrian-American History. 3 (2): 124–161. 2019. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.3.2.0124. JSTOR   10.5325/jaustamerhist.3.2.0124. S2CID   239075402.
  28. ↑ Riegler (2020). "The Spy Story Behind The Third Man". Journal of Austrian-American History. 4: 1–37. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0001. JSTOR   10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0001. S2CID   226400749.
  29. ↑ Marcus, Nathan (2021-12-01). "Guest Editor's Introduction". Journal of Austrian-American History. 5 (2): 92–94. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.2.0092. ISSN   2475-0905.
  30. ↑ Bischof, Günter (2020). "The Post–World War II Allied Occupation of Austria: What Can We Learn about It for Iraq in Successful Nation Building?". Journal of Austrian-American History. 4: 38–72. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0038. ISSN   2475-0905. JSTOR   10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0038. S2CID   226469224.
  31. ↑ Vansant (2020). "Guest Editor's Introduction". Journal of Austrian-American History. 4: 93–95. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0093. JSTOR   10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0093.
  32. ↑ Steinberg, Swen (2020). "On Austrian Refugee Children: Agency, Experience, and Knowledge in Ernst Papanek's "Preliminary Study" from 1943". Journal of Austrian-American History. 4: 111–128. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0111. ISSN   2475-0905. JSTOR   10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0111. S2CID   244335060.
  33. ↑ Corbett, Tim (2020). "Jumbled Mosaics: Exploring Intracategorical Complexity in the Memoirs of Jewish Austrian (Youth) Emigrants to the United States". Journal of Austrian-American History. 4: 129–157. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0129. ISSN   2475-0905. JSTOR   10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0129. S2CID   244331094.
  34. ↑ Tchoukarine, Igor (2024-06-12). "Guest Editor's Introduction". Journal of Austrian-American History. 8 (1): iii–vii. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.8.1.iii. ISSN   2475-0905.
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