The Supreme Court of India is the supreme judicial authority and the highest court of the Republic of India. It is the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India. It also has the power of judicial review. The Supreme Court,which consists of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of fellow 33 judges,has extensive powers in the form of original,appellate and advisory jurisdictions.
The Orissa High Court is the High Court for the Indian state of Odisha.
Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan is an Indian judge who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India and later the chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission of India. He was the first judge from Kerala to become the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. His tenure lasting more than three years has been one of the longest in the Supreme Court of India. While being Chief Justice of Gujarat High Court,he was appointed the acting governor of Gujarat from 16 January 1999 to 18 March 1999. In 2010,he was conferred with an honorary doctorate by Cochin University of Science and Technology.
Ranganath Misra was the 21st Chief Justice of India,serving from 25 September 1990 to 24 November 1991. He was also the first chairman of the National Human Rights Commission of India. He also served as Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha from the Congress Party between 1998 and 2004. He is the second Supreme court judge to become a Rajya Sabha member after Baharul Islam who was also elected as Indian National Congress member.
Altamas Kabir was an Indian lawyer and judge who served as the 39th Chief Justice of India.
Jasti Chelameswar is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior supreme court judge. He previously served as the chief justice of the Kerala High Court from 2010 to 2011 and the Gauhati High Court from 2007 to 2010. He was also one of the four judges who held a controversial press conference against Chief Justice Dipak Misra.
Ranjan Gogoi is an Indian former advocate and judge who served as the 46th Chief Justice of India from 2018 to 2019,having previously served as a Judge of the Supreme Court of India from 2012 to 2018. He is currently a Member of the Rajya Sabha,having been nominated by President Ram Nath Kovind on 16 March 2020. Gogoi served as a judge in the Gauhati High Court from 2001 to 2010,and then was transferred as a judge to the Punjab and Haryana High Court from 2010 to 2011 where he later was the Chief Justice from 2011 to 2012. He is also a member of the Committee on External Affairs in the Rajya Sabha.
Dipak Misra is an Indian jurist who served as the 45th Chief Justice of India from 28 August 2017 till 2 October 2018. He is also former Chief Justice of the Patna High Court and Delhi High Court. He is the nephew of Justice Ranganath Misra,who was the 21st Chief Justice from 1990 to 1991.
The Indian Judicial Collegium system,where existing judges appoint judges to the nation's constitutional courts,has its genesis in,and continued basis resting on,three of its own judgments made by Supreme Court judges,which are collectively known as the Three Judges Cases. The collegium system has often been alleged to have caste bias due to the lack of representation of marginalised communities,i.e.,OBCs,SCs and STs,in the Supreme Court and high courts.
Palanisamy Sathasivam is an Indian judge who served as the 40th Chief Justice of India,holding the office from 2013 to 2014. On retirement from his judicial career,Sathasivam was appointed the 21st Governor of Kerala from 5 September 2014 to 4 September 2019. Sathasivam is the second judge from Tamil Nadu to become the CJI,after M. Patanjali Sastri. He is also the first former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court to be appointed the Governor of a state. He is the first Governor of Kerala to be appointed by the Narendra Modi Government.
Sharad Arvind Bobde is an Indian judge who served as the 47th Chief Justice of India from 18 November 2019 to 23 April 2021.
Indu Malhotra is a retired judge and senior counsel of the Supreme Court of India. She was the second woman to be designated as senior advocate by the Supreme Court. She was the first woman advocate to be elevated as a judge of the Supreme Court of India directly from the bar. She also authored the third edition of The Law and Practice of Arbitration and Conciliation (2014).
Uday Umesh Lalit is an Indian lawyer and former Supreme Court Judge,who served as the 49th Chief Justice of India. Previously,he has served as a judge of Supreme Court of India. Prior to his elevation as a judge of the supreme court,he practised as a senior advocate at the Supreme Court. Justice Lalit is one of the eleven senior counsels who have been directly elevated to the Supreme Court. He is currently ‘Distinguished Visiting Professor’at Ashank Desai Centre for Policy Studies,Indian Institute of Technology,Bombay and Distinguished Visiting Professor at West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences.
The National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) was a proposed body which would have been responsible for the recruitment,appointment and transfer of judicial officers,legal officers and legal employees under the government of India and in all state governments of India. The commission was established by amending the Constitution of India through the 99th constitution amendment with the Constitution (Ninety-Ninth Amendment) Act,2014 or 99th Constitutional Amendment Act-2014 passed by the Lok Sabha on 13 August 2014 and by the Rajya Sabha on 14 August 2014. The NJAC would have replaced the collegium system for the appointment of judges as invoked by the Supreme Court via judicial fiat by a new system. Along with the Constitution Amendment Act,the National Judicial Appointments Commission Act,2014,was also passed by the Parliament of India to regulate the functions of the National Judicial Appointments Commission. The NJAC Bill and the Constitutional Amendment Bill,was ratified by 16 of the state legislatures in India,and subsequently assented by the President of India Pranab Mukherjee on 31 December 2014. The NJAC Act and the Constitutional Amendment Act came into force from 13 April 2015.
Brijgopal Harkishan Loya was an Indian judge who served in a special court which deals with matters relating to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). He was presiding over the Sohrabuddin Sheikh case,and died on 1 December 2014 in Nagpur. A bench of the Supreme Court of India,headed by the Chief Justice of India Dipak Misra,on April 19,2018,dismissed the public interest petition (PIL),and stated the death to be natural and such petitions to be an attack on the Judiciary.
The Supreme Court of India was in crisis after a press conference was given by Supreme Court judges Jasti Chelameswar,Ranjan Gogoi,Madan Lokur,and Kurian Joseph,in which they spoke against the Chief Justice of India Dipak Misra that he allocated certain politically controversial cases to such benches which give favourable judgements towards a political party.
Narayan Shukla(born 18 July 1958) also known as SN Shukla was an Allahabad High Court Judge. The Chief Justice of India Dipak Misra has written to the President of India recommending his removal for his alleged involvement in the medical college admission scam.
Justice Arindam Lodh is an Indian Judge at the High Court of Tripura since May 2018. He is due to retire not earlier than March 2025.
Justice Ravindra Maithani is an Indian Judge at the High Court of Uttarakhand at Nainital since December 2018. He is due to retire not earlier than June 2027.
Ujjawal &Anr. versus State of Haryana&Ors.(2021),a case where Punjab and Haryana High Court,refused to provide police protection to a couple facing threat to their lives and personal liberty,citing potential disruption to "social fabric of the society."
