Founded | 1966 |
---|---|
Founding location | Kaduna, Northern Nigeria |
Years active | 20th century–present |
Ethnicity | Hausa–Fulani, Kanuri, other regional minorities |
Membership | Unknown |
The Kaduna Mafia ( not a criminal organisation) [1] [2] [3] is a loose group of Nigerian businessmen, civil servants, intellectuals and military officers from Northern Nigeria, who resided or conducted their activities in Kaduna, the former capital of the region towards the end of the First Republic.
Similar to the Sicilian Mafia, the group shares features of omertà, ethnicity, and patronage. It is believed the resentment of competing interests led to the creation of the acerbic idea of a clique gaining headway through its closeness to power and thereby approximating resources of the state under the banner of capitalism.
The term Kaduna Mafia was supposedly popularised by journalist Mvendaga Jibo. [4] [5]
The challenges to Ahmadu Bello of the transition from colonial rule to self-government laid in his role as a member of the traditional ruling establishment. He was confronted with either maintaining the caliphal structures under British rule or modernise administrative structures of the traditional institutions to provide them with power of utility. It is argued that the introduction of reforms of the institutions saved them from withering away. Traditional authority has continued to play a central role in Northern society since the time of Ahmadu Bello, despite continuing reforms.
The creation of the civil service during the period of Ahmadu Bello is one of his major achievements. He regarded the northern civil service as a meritocracy, which should be above petty political quarrels, and certainly above corruption. The civil service had a rigorous code of ethics, and came to serve as a counterbalance to both politicians and traditional leaders. The trans-ethnic nature of the civil service provided the backbone for Northern Regionalism and for northern development efforts, which were based on the principle of equal distribution of opportunities. The technical and administrative skills of the civil service were essential to a large-scale political community, and the willingness to take assignments outside of the capital city was part of the ethos. The civil service provided a smooth transition from colonial rule to Independence, and an equally smooth transition from Northern Regionalism to the creation of states and the consolidation of Nigerian federalism. Perhaps the key to the effective functioning of the civil service was its apparent balance in terms of sub-regional zones, its transcendence of sub-regional interests, and its ability to incorporate intergenerational cohorts into a cohesive whole. His insistence that the next generation of traditional leaders be western educated set the stage for the transition to their subsequent roles.
The first generation of northern civil servants (i.e. those born in the decade from about 1910–1920: Tafawa Balewa, Yahaya Madawaki, Isa Kaita, Abubakar Imam) tended to be cohorts from Katsina College, and had good personal relationships with their colleagues (including Ahmadu Bello) who had gone into political life.
The second generation of northern civil servants (i.e. those born from 1920 to 1930, and reaching senior status in the service during the transition to independence such as – Mohammed Bello, Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu, Hassan Katsina) tended to have familial connections and were also part of the Katsina–Kaduna–Zaria education axis, they had close working relations with their "seniors" (the first generation) in the civil service and in the political realm.
The third generation of northern civil servants (i.e. those born from 1930 to 1940 and entering the senior service after independence) tended to have overseas educational experience, and there was often a sharp difference in perspective from those in the first and second generations. This generation of Northerners went on to form the core of the Kaduna Mafia.
The origins of the Kaduna mafia revolves around the fall of the First Republic. The assassination of Ahmadu Bello and other northern leaders prodded a group of young northerners to rally around and oppose the military government of General Aguiyi-Ironsi. This group, a diverse mixture of aristocrats and civil servants who were predominantly Muslim and based in Kaduna. It is important to note that a dichotomy exists between the traditional ruling establishment and the mafia, despite an interconnection. [6]
This group was educated mostly in the United Kingdom, and had connections with the Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria. [7] They were known for their intelligence, commitment to the traditional values and socio-political interests of Northern Nigeria and their internal camaraderie. Following the rise of the Second Republic members became involved in varied aspects of the Nigerian nation, they were bank directors, cabinet members, military colonels and owners of business; their main differentiating symbol metamorphosed into the prominence of economic interest as a driving factor in their activities. [8]
The group supposedly achieved most success during the military regime of General Obasanjo, where many of its members were appointed to key positions of power and used its alliance to obtain patronage and disburse favour to friends and associates.
The group returned to prominence during the administration of President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua. And later in 2015, during the administration of President Muhammadu Buhari. [9]
Shehu Musa Yar'Adua ; 5 March 1943 – 8 December 1997) was a Nigerian general and politician who was the de facto vice president of Nigeria as Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters when Nigeria was under military rule from 1976 to 1979. He was a prominent politician during the later transition from military to civilian rule in the late 1980s and into the 1990s.
Katsina State is a state in the northwestern geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Katsina State borders the Republic of Niger to the north for 250 km and the States of Jigawa for 164 km and Kano to the east, Kaduna to the south for 161 km and Zamfara to the west. States. Nicknamed the "Home of Hospitality", both the state capital and the town of Daura have been described "ancient seats of Islamic culture and learning" in Nigeria.
Babagana Kingibe OV GCON is a Nigerian diplomat, politician and civil servant who has held several high ranking government offices, culminating in his appointment as the Secretary to the Government of the Federation from 2007 to 2008. He spent over a decade in the Foreign Service cadre and has been in politics since the 1970s, serving six heads of state; most recently as a member of the inner circle of President Muhammadu Buhari.
Alhaji (Dr) Mamman Shata MON was a Nigerian singer.
Mohammed Bello was a Nigerian Jurist who was the Chief Justice of Nigeria from 1987 to 1995.
Adamu Ciroma was a Nigerian politician and Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, born to a Bole family in Potiskum, Yobe State. He was a member of the People's Democratic Party.
Mahmud Tukur was a Nigerian politician and former Minister for Commerce and Industry during the military administration of General Muhammadu Buhari. He was the first indigenous Director of the Institute of Administration, Congo, Zaria. He took the mantle from Professor Professor Sam Scruton Richardson in 1967, until 1975 when he became the first Vice Chancellor of Bayero University, Kano. Tukur's enviable position and competence displayed as the Vice Chancellor of Bayero University increased his public profile in Northern Nigeria. He became friends with contemporaries such as Mamman Daura, Adamu Ciroma, Hamza Rafindadi Zayyad to form a small clique of policy advocates in Northern Nigeria. He died on April 9, 2021, at the age of 82 years.
Barewa College is a college in Zaria, Kaduna State, northern Nigeria. Founded in 1921 by British Governor General Hugh Clifford, it was originally known as Katsina College. It switched its name to Kaduna College in 1938 and to Government College, Zaria in 1949 before settling on Barewa College. It is one of the largest boarding schools in Northern Nigeria and was the most-celebrated post-primary schools there up to the early 1960s. The school is known for the large number of elites from the region who attended and counts among its alumni include Tafawa Balewa who was Prime Minister of Nigeria from 1960 to 1966, four heads of state of Nigeria. The school is located along Gaskiya road in the Tukur -Tukur area of Zaria.
Isa Kaita C.O.N., C.B.E., LL.D (ABU), LL.D (BUK), DPA (Oxon) was a Nigerian politician. He went on to hold the chieftaincy titles of the Madawaki of Katsina and later, the Waziri of Katsina. Prior to joining politics, he was a distinguished broadcaster at the BBC.
Turai Umar Musa Yar'Adua is the widow of the former Nigerian president and former Katsina State Governor, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua. She was the First Lady of Nigeria from 2007 until the death of her husband on 5 May 2010.
The Northern People's Congress (NPC) is a political party in Nigeria. Formed in June 1949, the party held considerable influence in the Northern Region from the 1950s until the military coup of 1966. It was formerly a cultural organization known as Jamiyaar Mutanen Arewa. After the Nigerian Civil War of 1967, the NPC subsequently became a minor party.
Lawal Kaita was a Nigerian politician elected on the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) platform as governor of Kaduna State, Nigeria, holding office between October and December 1983, when the Nigerian Second Republic ended with the coup that brought General Muhammadu Buhari to power.
Abdulmumini Hassan Rafindadi is a Nigerian professor of pathology, educational administrator, and pioneer vice chancellor of Federal University, Lokoja, located in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria.
Ibrahim Tahir was a Nigerian sociologist, writer, and politician during the Second Republic and a prominent member of the Kaduna Mafia. Prior to his entry into politics, he was a sociologist who was renowned for his traditionalist conservative views.
Alhaji Gidado Idris, was a Nigerian civil servant who served as the Secretary to the Government and Head of Service of the federation in Nigeria between the year 1995-1999, during the military regime of General Sani Abacha.
Mamman Daura is a Nigerian newspaper editor who edited and later managed the New Nigerian from 1969 to 1975. He is a nephew of President Muhammadu Buhari; and a prominent member of the infamous Kaduna Mafia, a loose group of Nigerian businessmen, civil servants, intellectuals and military officers from Northern Nigeria.
Justice Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta is the longest-serving chief judge in Katsina State, Nigeria from 1991 to 2013, and he administered the oath of office to civilian governors of Katsina State from Alhaji Sa'idu Barda in 1991 to Barrister Ibrahim Shehu Shema in 2011.
New Nigerian was a Nigerian newspaper based in Kaduna.
The Ahmadu Bello University is a public research university located in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. It was opened in 1962 as the University of Northern Nigeria.