![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kumaon division</span> Administrative division in India](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Panchchuli_Peaks%2C_near_Munsiyari%2C_Uttarakhand.jpg/320px-Panchchuli_Peaks%2C_near_Munsiyari%2C_Uttarakhand.jpg)
Kumaon is a revenue and administrative division in the Indian State of Uttarakhand. It spans over the eastern half of the state and is bounded on the north by Tibet, on the east by Nepal, on the south by the state of Uttar Pradesh, and on the west by Garhwal. Kumaon comprises six districts of the state: Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh and Udham Singh Nagar.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Treaty of Sugauli</span> 1816 treaty between the East India Company and Nepal](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sugauli_treaty.jpg/320px-Sugauli_treaty.jpg)
The Treaty of Sugauli, the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and Guru Gajraj Mishra following the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814–16.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pithoragarh district</span> District of Uttarakhand in India](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Panchchuli_range_viewed_from_Kausani.jpg/320px-Panchchuli_range_viewed_from_Kausani.jpg)
Pithoragarh district is the easternmost district in the state of Uttarakhand. It is located in the Himalayas and has an area of 7,110 km2 (2,750 sq mi) and a population of 483,439. The city of Pithoragarh, located in Saur Valley, is its headquarters. The district is within the Kumaon division of Uttarakhand state. The Tibet plateau is situated to the north and Nepal is to the east. The Kali River which originates from the Kalagiri Mountain flows south, forming the eastern border with Nepal. The Hindu pilgrimage route for Mount Kailash-Lake Manasarovar passes through this district via Lipulekh Pass in the greater Himalayas. The district is administratively divided into six Tehsils: Munsyari; Dharchula; Didihat; Berinag; Gangolihat; and Pithoragarh. Naini Saini Airport is the nearest civil airport, but it does not have a regular scheduled commercial passenger service. The mineral deposits present in the district are magnesium ore, copper ore, limestone, and slate. There are 11 tehsils.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Askot Musk Deer Sanctuary</span> Indian wildlife reserve in Uttarakhand](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Panchchuli_Peaks%2C_near_Munsiyari%2C_Uttarakhand.jpg/320px-Panchchuli_Peaks%2C_near_Munsiyari%2C_Uttarakhand.jpg)
Askot Musk Deer Sanctuary is located 54 km (34 mi) from Pithoragarh near Askot in Uttarakhand state of India. This sanctuary has been set up primarily with the object of conserving the musk deer (Moschus leucogaster) and its habitat. Intensive efforts have been initiated to conserve this rare species. Other mammals found in this sanctuary include the Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, Himalayan jungle cat, civet, barking deer, serow, goral and Himalayan brown bear. Many species of high altitude birds are also found in this sanctuary.
Darma valley is a Himalayan valley situated in the Pithoragarh District of Uttarakhand state of India. This valley is located in the eastern part of Uttarakhand at Kumaon division.
Kuti Valley is a Himalayan valley situated in the Pithoragarh District, Kumaon division of the Uttarakhand state of India. Located in the eastern part of Uttarakhand, it is the last valley before the border with Tibet. It runs along a NW to SE axis, formed by the river Kuti Yankti, which is one of the headwaters of the Kali River that forms the boundary between India and Nepal in this region.
Gyanema or Gya'nyima (Tibetan: རྒྱ་ཉི་མ, Wylie: rgya nyi ma, THL: gya nyi ma) is a large plain at the border between the Zanda County and Burang County in western Tibet, which was once used for an annual market of Indo-Tibetan trade. The border has been sealed and the market shut down since the Sino-Indian War of 1962. At the present time, there is only a small settlement at the western edge of the plain called Xilanta, where China operates a military outpost.
Lipulekh is a Himalayan pass on the border between India's Uttarakhand state and the Tibet region of China, near their trijunction with Nepal. Nepal has ongoing claims to the southern side of the pass, called Kalapani territory, which is controlled by India. The pass is near the Chinese trading town of Taklakot (Purang) in Tibet and used since ancient times by traders, mendicants and pilgrims transiting between India and Tibet. It is also used by pilgrims to Kailas and Manasarovar.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">India–Nepal relations</span> Bilateral relations](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/India_Nepal_Locator.svg/320px-India_Nepal_Locator.svg.png)
India–Nepal relations are the bilateral relations between India and Nepal. Both countries initiated their relationship with the 1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship and accompanying secret letters that defined security relations between the two countries, and an agreement governing both bilateral trade and trade transiting Indian territory.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sharda River</span> River along the India–Nepal border](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Sharda_or_Mahakali_River_AJTJ_P1020802.jpg/320px-Sharda_or_Mahakali_River_AJTJ_P1020802.jpg)
The Sharda River, also called Kali River and Mahakali River, originates at Kalapani in the Himalayas at an elevation of 3,600 m (11,800 ft) in the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand, India. It flows along Nepal's western border with India and has a basin area of 14,871 km2 (5,742 sq mi). It joins Ghaghra River, a tributary of the Ganges. It takes the name Kali River from the union of the two streams at Gunji as it flows through the hills. After Brahmadev Mandi near Tanakpur, it enters the Terai plains, where it is called Sharda River.
Bhotiyas are people of presumed Tibetan heritage that live along the Indo-Tibetan border in the upper reaches of the Great Himalayas, at elevations ranging from 6,500 feet (2,000 m) to 13,000 feet (4,000 m). In Uttarakhand, they inhabit seven river valleys, three in the Garhwal division and four in the Kumaon division. Their main traditional occupation used to be Indo-Tibetan trade, with limited amounts of agriculture and pastoralism. The customary Indo-Tibetan trade drastically stopped following the 1962 Sino-Indian war, and was resumed in the early 1990s under state-regulated mechanisms. These days, medicinal and aromatic plant collection is a major livelihood among this group, alongside by out-migration for education and jobs. Transhumance and pastoralism have drastically reduced in prevalence among this group too. They follow Hinduism and Buddhism and traditionally speak West Himalayish languages.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kumaon Kingdom</span> Independent Himalayan kingdom (600–1791)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_the_Kumaon_Kingdom.svg/320px-Flag_of_the_Kumaon_Kingdom.svg.png)
Kumaon Kingdom was an independent Himalayan kingdom in Kumaon, a region located in the eastern part of the present-day Uttarakhand state of India. It was established around 7th century and remained an independent and sovereign kingdom until 1791.
Gunji is a small village in Uttarakhand of India. It is administered by India, but disputed by Nepal. It is near the borders of Tibet and Nepal and the confluence of the Kuthi Yankti and Kalapani River, at the east end of the Kuthi Valley. It is officially listed in the map of India. Nepal has historically no significance over this place. As of now Gunji, Kuti, and Nabhi villages belong to India. The village is on the traditional Indian/Nepalese route to Kailas–Manasarovar.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">China–Nepal border</span> International boundary in South Asia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/CIA-map-of-borders-of-Nepal-1965.jpg/320px-CIA-map-of-borders-of-Nepal-1965.jpg)
The China–Nepal border is the international boundary between the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China and Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. It is 1,389 kilometres (863 mi) in length and runs in a northwest–southeast direction along the Himalayan mountain range, including Mount Everest, the world's highest mountain. The boundaries of this particular border have changed dramatically over time, especially when considering relatively recent events such as the Annexation of Tibet in 1949. However, some of the most significant developments of modern times would be the signing of the "Agreement on Maintaining Friendly Relations between the People’s Republic of China and the Kingdom of Nepal" in 1956 and the "Sino-Nepalese Treaty of Peace and Friendship" in 1960, both of which formally recognised Tibet as a part of China and confirmed the limits of the countries of China and Nepal as they are known today.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gipmochi</span> Mountain in India/Bhutan](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bidantso-sketch-Richard-Temple.png/320px-Bidantso-sketch-Richard-Temple.png)
Gipmochi is a mountain in the Lower Himalayas in south central Asia. Rising to a height of 14,523 feet (4,427 m), the mountain sits on the border between the northern Indian state of Sikkim and Bhutan. China claims Gipmochi as the China–India–Bhutan tri-junction point. Bhutan and India, however, claim that the tri-junction is 6.5 km to the north, at Batang La.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adi Kailash</span> Mountain in Uttarakhand, India](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Adi_Kailash.jpg/320px-Adi_Kailash.jpg)
Adi Kailash, also known as Shiva Kailash, Chota Kailash, Baba Kailash or Jonglingkong Peak, is a mountain located in the Himalayan mountain range in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand, India.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">India–Nepal border</span> International boundary in South Asia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Map_of_Nepal.png/320px-Map_of_Nepal.png)
The Nepal–India border is an open international boundary running between the Nepal and the India. The 1,770 km (1,099.83 mi) long border includes the Himalayan territories as well as Indo-Gangetic Plain. The current border was delimited after the Sugauli treaty of 1816 between Nepal and the British Raj. Following Indian independence, the prevailin border was recognised as the international border between the Kingdom of Nepal and the Dominion of India.
Tinkar is a village in the Byans Rural Municipality of Darchula District in the Sudurpashchim province of Nepal. It is named after the Tinkar Khola river, a tributary of the Mahakali River, which it joins near the village of Chhangru.
The Constitution of Nepal Act provided the legal status to a new map of Nepal to be used in the country's national emblem by amending Schedule 3 in the Constitution of Nepal. The Council of Ministers of Nepal had announced the new map on 20 May 2020 and two days later it was placed in the Parliament. On 13 June 2020, the motion was put forth for voting in the lower house of Nepal's Parliament by the government of Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli. Voting was unanimous with ayes being 258 with no nays. On 18 June 2020, the Upper House unanimously passed the Bill after which the President of Nepal Bidhya Devi Bhandari signed the Bill.