Kallar is the upper tributary of Vamanapuram River flowing through the Indian state of Kerala. [1] The river originates in the Chemunjimotta hills (alt. 1860m) hills on the southern side of the Western Ghats, and flows entirely through Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. The Meenmutty Falls and Lower Meenmutty dam are situated in this river.
The Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri mountain range, is a mountain range that covers an area of 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi) in a stretch of 1,600 km (990 mi) parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula, traversing the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the 36 biodiversity hotspots in the world. It is sometimes called the Great Escarpment of India. It contains a very large proportion of the country's flora and fauna, many of which are endemic to this region. The Western Ghats are older than the Himalayas. They influence Indian monsoon weather patterns by intercepting the rain-laden monsoon winds that sweep in from the south-west during late summer. The range runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain called the Western Coastal Plains along the Arabian Sea. A total of 39 areas in the Western Ghats, including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests, were designated as world heritage sites in 2012 – twenty in Kerala, ten in Karnataka, six in Tamil Nadu and four in Maharashtra.
Ponmudi also known as Ooty of South Kerala, Kashmir of Kerala is a hill station in the Peringamala gramapanchayath of Trivandrum District of Kerala in India. It is located 22km west of Vithura town, 53 km north-east of Trivandrum City, 78 km south-east of Varkala town and 69 km north-east of Kovalam Beach at an altitude of 1,100 m (3,600 ft). Ponmudi (Varayadumotta) peak is a part of the Western Ghats mountain range that runs parallel to the Arabian Sea. Ponmudi is a popular honeymoon destination in South India. The normal temperature of Ponmudi is between 18 and 25 °C.
Chaliyar River is the fourth longest river in Kerala at 169 km in length. The Chaliyar is also known as Chulika River, Nilambur River or Beypore River as it nears the sea. Pothukal, Chungathara, Nilambur, Mampad, Edavanna, Kavanoor, Perakamanna, Areekode, Kizhuparamba, Elamaram, Cheekkode, Vazhakkad, Vazhayur, Cheruvadi, Edavannappara, Mavoor, Peruvayal, Feroke and Beypore are some of the towns/villages situated along the banks of Chaliyar. It mainly flows through Malappuram district. Its tributaries flow through both the districts of Malappuram and Kozhikode. The bank of river Chaliyar at Nilambur region is also known for natural Gold fields. Explorations done at the valley of the river Chaliyar in Nilambur has shown reserves of the order of 2.5 million cubic meters of placers with 0.1 gram per cubic meter of gold. It originates at Ilambaleri hills of Nilgiri Mountains in Nilgiris district, which is also near Wayanad-Malappuram district border. It flows mainly through the erstwhile region of Eranad, and finally empties into the Arabian Sea at Beypore port, opposite to Chaliyam harbour.
The Palani Hills are a mountain range in the southern Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The Palani Hills are an eastward extension of the Western Ghats ranges, which run parallel to the west coast of India. The Palani Hills adjoin with the high Anamalai range on the west and extend east into the plains of Tamil Nadu, covering an area of 2,068 square kilometres (798 sq mi). The highest part of the range is in the southwest, and reaches 1,800-2,500 metres elevation; the eastern extension of the range is made up of hills 1,000-1,500 m (3,281-4,921 ft) high.
Periyar, IPA: [peɾijɐːr], is the longest river and the river with the largest discharge potential in the Indian state of Kerala. It is one of the few perennial rivers in the region and provides drinking water for several major towns. The Periyar is of utmost significance to the economy of Kerala. It generates a significant proportion of Kerala's electrical power via the Idukki Dam and flows along a region of industrial and commercial activity. The river also provides water for irrigation and domestic use throughout its course besides supporting a rich fishery. Due to these reasons, the river has been named the "Lifeline of Kerala". Kochi city, in the vicinity of the river mouth draws its water supply from Aluva, an upstream site sufficiently free of seawater intrusion. Twenty five percent of Kerala's industries are along the banks of river Periyar. These are mostly crowded within a stretch of 5 kilometres (3 mi) in the Eloor-Edayar region (Udhyogamandal), about 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Kochi harbor.
Vithura, also known as the Hill City Of Trivandrum, is located 36 km from Thiruvananthapuram capital of the Kerala state in India. Vithura is the culmination of the crossroads to many tourist, cultural, and religious centres. Surrounded by the Western Ghats (Sahyadris), Vithura is a prime tourist spot. The village is rich with a very scenic beauty and a good climate year-round. The Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram campus, one of the leading public science universities in the country, is situated here.
The Idukki Dam is a double curvature arch dam constructed across the Periyar River in a narrow gorge between two granite hills locally known as Kuravan and Kurathi in Idukki, Kerala, India. At 168.91 metres (554.2 ft), it is one of the highest arch dams in Asia. It is constructed and owned by the Kerala State Electricity Board. It supports a 780 MW hydroelectric power station in Moolamattom, which started generating power on 4 October 1975. The dam type is a concrete, double curvature parabolic, thin arc dam. The Indo-Canadian project was inaugurated by the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on February 17, 1976.
The Pamba River is the longest river in the Indian state of Kerala after Periyar and Bharathappuzha, and the longest river in the erstwhile former princely state of Travancore. Sabarimala temple dedicated to Lord Ayyappa is located on the banks of the river Pamba.
Kallar may refer to:
The Pachaimalai Hills,, also known as the Pachais, are a low mountain range in the Eastern Ghats System. They are located in Tiruchirapalli district of Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. It is situated at a distance of 73 km from Trichy and 112 km from Salem. The Tamil Nadu Government is planning to develop the Pachaimalai as a tourist destination.
Meenmutty Falls is located 29 km from Kalpetta in Wayanad District in the state of Kerala, India. It is a three-tiered waterfall with a height of 300 metres. Meenmutty is a combination of Malayalam words Meen (fish) and Mutty (blocked). It can be accessed from Mananthavady - Kuttiady road . Meenmutty waterfalls are dangerous during rainy seasons due to high inflow and many people have drowned since 1991. Meenmutty falls is surrounded by Lush green tea plantations making the hike to the falls a memorable experience to the tourists.
Meenmutty Falls is a waterfall located 45 kilometres (28 mi) from Trivandrum city in Thiruvananthapuram District in the Indian state of Kerala, India. The falls are located near the Ponmudi hill station, Thiruvananthapuram district and Agastya Mala Biosphere reserves. This waterfalls is situated along the upper riparian course of Vamanapuram River.
Vamanapuram River is an 88 km (55 mi) long river in southern Kerala that flows through the northern parts of Thiruvananthapuram district. It is also the longest river in Thiruvananthapuram district. The river is also known as "Kollampuzhayaru" and "Attingalaru".The two tributaries of this river are the Upper Chittar & Manjaprayaar streams which originates near Ponmudi hill station.
Panathur – Karike belt is on the border of Kasargod district of Kerala & Coorg and Dakshina Kannada districts in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is 44 km east of Kanhangad, 30 km from Bhagamandala in Kodagu and 22 km from Sullia in Dakshina Kannada. Kerala and Karnataka are separated by the Manjanadukkam Puzha River. In Panathur, people speak Malayalam and in Karike Kannada. Marathi, Tulu, Konkani and Harijan Bashe are also spoken here. The area produces rubber, areconut, coconut, pepper and other agricultural products. The land is surrounded by Coorg forests and Kerala Plantation Corporation which runs over 2,200 hectares.
Varayadumotta is the tallest peak in the Ponmudi mountain range, Nedumangad taluk, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. As its name come from Nilgiri tahr / Varayadu. It is one of the isolated place which is favourable home for mountain goats in acute population. These mountain range is also known as Varayadumudi and Varayattumutti.
Erattayar Dam is a small diversion dam built on the Erattayar river in Erattayar Grama Panchayat near Kattappana town in Idukki district of Kerala, India. It acts mainly as a diversion dam to supply water to the Idukki Dam. Diversion of water from Erattayar forebay to Idukki reservoir is through a tunnel called Anchuruli tunnel which is 3771.9m long. Construction of the dam was completed in the year 1989.
Kallar Dam is a small diversion dam constructed at Perinchankuttyar in Nedunkandam grama Panchayat, Idukki District, Kerala, India. It acts mainly as a diversion dam to supply water to the Idukki Dam. It is a small dam measuring 67.91 m in length and 12.19 m in height. The water stored in the Kallar Dam reaches the Erattayar River through a tunnel and the Erattayar Dam through the Erattayar River. Water reaches Idukki Dam from Irattayar Dam through Irattayar Tunnel and Anchuruli Tunnel. Taluks through which release flow are Thodupuzha, Udupanchola, Devikulam, Kothamangalam, Muvattupuzha, Kunnathunadu, Aluva, Kodungalloor and Paravur. Reservoir area of this dam and the Gavi dam combined is 25 hectares.
Viripara Weir is a Diversion weir constructed across Upper Kallar river which is a tributary of Pooyankutty river in Mankulam village of Idukki district in Kerala, India. The water flows from the dam to Menachery river and flows through the taluk of Devikulam. The Viripara weir is constructed as an augmentation scheme to Neriamangalam Hydro Electric Project. Upper Kallar, a tributary of Pooyankutty river is diverted in to Kallarkutty reservoir by a low diversion weir at Viripara along with a short diversion tunnel.
Lower Meenmutty dam is a small dam Constructed across Kallar river in Nandiyodu Panchayath of Thiruvananthapuram District in Kerala, India. Lower Meenmutty weir is constructed as a part of Lower Meenmutty Small Hydro Electric Project. The scheme envisages the development of power by utilizing the water of river Kallar in the Vamanapuram basin. A power plant of 3.5 MegaWatt capacity generates the power using the waters from the dam. After the power generation the water flows to Kallar river and it further flows through Nedumangadu and Chirayinkeezhu.
