Kathryn Babayan is a professor of medieval studies and the early modern period at the University of Michigan, with her research focusing on the early modern history of Persia and the expression of gender and sexuality during that time period.
Babayan graduated with a Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1993. [1] with a dissertation on the end period of the Qezelbash groups. [2]
After her graduation, Babayan's research focus took an interest in mysticism and messianic beliefs in the early Persian world, with her publishing several academic articles on the subject in the mid 1990s. This would ultimately lead to her writing of the monograph titled Mystics, Monarchs, and Messiahs in 2002 that addresses the political, religious, and cultural society of premodern Iran that took a broad view on how each aspect created the resulting Persian understanding of their own history. [2] Her studies then moved to Safavid Iran and how ghulam influenced the development of the Safavid Empire. This resulted in her collaborating on the 2004 book Slaves of the Shah with Sussan Babaie, Ina Baghdiantz McCabe, and Massumeh Farhad. [3]
Earlier, during the May 2003 Radcliffe Seminar at the Harvard Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Babayan met with other academics to discuss current Middle Eastern studies disciplines and how they could be expanded to include elements of comparative literature and queer theory. The gathering came up with the term "Islamicate" to encompass this new field, meant to mirror the already in use term "Italianate" in Italian studies. The aim of the term is to reflect research on Islamic history that isn't specifically about theological subjects. For Babayan, this meant an investigation into the ideas of gender and sexuality in historical Islamic societies, which she became an editor for and contributor to the resulting 2008 anthology named Islamicate sexualities. [4]
Babayan's new dedication to the use of sexuality and specifically eroticism in the era of early Iran resulted in her studying anthologies written during the reign of Abbas the Great. These collected works also featured both the ideology and mystic beliefs of the Safavids. As each work was compiled by a separate commoner in the urban environment of Isfahan, Babayan argued that they together represented a viewpoint that was highly tinged with eroticism and understanding of sexual and romantic love from different classes of society. This research would culminate in her 2021 book The City As Anthology. [5]
After the publication of this book, Babayan established the Isfahan Anthology Project at the University of Michigan to more extensively study such anthologies, referred to as majmu’a, alongside University of Isfahan historian Nozhat Ahmadi. The goal is to create a digital platform that academics around the world can contribute to and also access the combined anthologies for their own research. She also received in 2024 a National Endowment for the Humanities fellowship to fund her next book publication titled The Persian Anthology: Reading with the Margins, which investigates the differing reading practices within that early period of Isfahan. [1]
Iranian Georgians or Persian Georgians are Iranian citizens who are ethnically Georgian, and are an ethnic group living in Iran. Today's Georgia was a subject of Iran in ancient times under the Achaemenid and Sassanian empires and from the 16th century till the early 19th century, starting with the Safavids in power and later Qajars. Shah Abbas I, his predecessors, and successors, relocated by force hundreds of thousands of Christian, and Jewish Georgians as part of his programs to reduce the power of the Qizilbash, develop industrial economy, strengthen the military, and populate newly built towns in various places in Iran including the provinces of Isfahan, Mazandaran and Khuzestan. A certain number of these, among them members of the nobility, also migrated voluntarily over the centuries, as well as some that moved as muhajirs in the 19th century to Iran, following the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. The Georgian community of Fereydunshahr have retained their distinct Georgian identity to this day, despite adopting certain aspects of Iranian culture such as the Persian language.
The Safavid dynasty was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from 1501 to 1736. Their rule is often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder empires. The Safavid Shāh Ismā'īl I established the Twelver denomination of Shīʿa Islam as the official religion of the Persian Empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Iranian Azerbaijan region. It was an Iranian dynasty of Kurdish origin, but during their rule they intermarried with Turkoman, Georgian, Circassian, and Pontic Greek dignitaries, nevertheless, for practical purposes, they were Turkish-speaking and Turkified. From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control over parts of Greater Iran and reasserted the Iranian identity of the region, thus becoming the first native dynasty since the Sasanian Empire to establish a national state officially known as Iran.
The Isfahan School is a school of Islamic philosophy. It was founded by Mir Damad and reached its fullest development in the work of Mulla Sadra. The name was coined by Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Henry Corbin.
Sam Mirza, known by his dynastic name of Shah Safi, was the sixth shah of Safavid Iran, ruling from 1629 to 1642. Abbas the Great was succeeded by his grandson, Safi. A reclusive and passive character, Safi was unable to fill the power vacuum which his grandfather had left behind. His officials undermined his authority and revolts constantly broke out across the realm. The continuing war with the Ottoman Empire, started with initial success during Abbas the Great's reign, but ended with the defeat of Iran and the Treaty of Zuhab, which returned much of Iran's conquests in Mesopotamia to the Ottomans.
Daud-Khan or Dāvūd b. Allāhverdī was a Safavid Iranian military commander and politician of Georgian origin who served as governor (beglarbeg) of Ganja and Karabakh from 1627 to 1633.
Shaykh Junayd was the son of Shaykh Ibrahim, grandson of Shaykh Ali Safavi, father of Shaykh Haydar and grandfather of the founder of Safavid dynasty, Shah Ismail I. After the death of his father, he assumed the leadership of the Safaviyya from 1447–1460.
Siyâvash, Siyavush, or Siyavush Beg was an Iranian illustrator of Georgian origin known for his miniatures with dramatic landscape elements and well-organized compositions. He was active at the court of the Safavid shahs of Iran.
Rostam Khan or Rostom-Khan Saakadze was a high-ranking Safavid military commander and official of Georgian origin. He held the position of commander-in-chief (sepahsalar) under the Safavid shahs, Abbas I and Safi. In 1643, he was accused of treason and executed under king Abbas II. He features in the contemporary Persian and Georgian chronicles and is also a subject of the 17th-century Persian biography written by a certain Bijan for Rostam Khan's grandson, his namesake and a high-ranking officer in Iran.
Mohammad Beg, was a Muslim of Armenian origin, who served as the Grand Vizier of the Safavid king (shah) Abbas II from 1654 to 1661.
Mohammad Baqer Mirza better known in the West as Safi Mirza was the oldest son of Shah Abbas the Great, and the crown prince of the Safavid dynasty during Abbas' reign and his own short life.
Sayyed Ahmad Alavi, also known as Ahmad b. Zayn al-'Abidin al-'Abidin al-'Alawi al-'Amili, or Mir Sayyid Ahmad 'Alavi 'Amili, was a Safavid philosopher and theologian of the Philosophical school of isfahan.
Dilaram Khanum was a Safavid Georgian concubine of Safavid crown prince Mohammad Baqer Mirza, and the mother of King Safi.
Zeynab Begum was the fourth daughter of Safavid king (shah) Tahmasp I, is considered to be one of the most influential and powerful princesses of the Safavid era. She lived during the reigns of five successive Safavid monarchs, and apart from holding diverse functions, including at the top of the empire's bureaucratic system, she was also the leading matriarch in the royal harem for many years, and acted on occasion as kingmaker. She reached the apex of her influence during the reign of King Safi. In numerous contemporaneous sources, she was praised as a "mainstay of political moderation and wisdom in Safavid court politics". She was eventually removed from power by Safi in 1632.
Abu al-Fatḥ Manuchihr Khan, was a Safavid official and gholam of Armenian origin. Like his father Qarachaqay Khan, Manuchihr was established at Mashhad as the general and governor of Khorasan under the shahs (kings) Abbas I and Ṣāfi. His brother Ali Quli Khan became prefect of Qom and head of the library of Abbas I. Manuchihr Khan's son, Qarachaqay Khan II, became also a governor of Mashhad. All of them were among the Safavid cultural and intellectual elite, known as “men of knowledge and integrity’ and “of illustrious acts and deeds”.
Sussan Babaie is an Iranian-born art historian and curator. She is best known for her work on Persian art and Islamic art of the early modern period. She has written extensively on the art and architecture of the Safavid dynasty. Her research takes a multidisciplinary approach and explores topics such as urbanism, empire studies, transcultural visuality and notions of exoticism. In her work as a curator, Babaie has worked on exhibitions at the Sackler Museum of Harvard University (2010), the University of Michigan Museum of Art, and the Smith College Museum of Art (1998).
Anna Khanum was the consort of the Safavid king Safi. She was the mother of her husband's successor, King Abbas II.
Shemavon (Simon) of Agulis or Shemavon Aguletsi was an Iranian official of Armenian origin, who served during the reign of King (Shah) Suleiman I.
The Safavid imperial harem refers to the harem of the monarchs of the Safavid dynasty of Persia. The royal harem of the Safavid ruler played an important role in the history of Safavid Persia (1501-1736).
Massumeh Farhad is an Iranian-born American curator, art historian, and author. She is the Chief Curator and Curator of Islamic Art at the Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Asian Art. She is known for her work with Persian 17th-century manuscripts.