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Digital audio is a representation of sound recorded in, or converted into, digital form. In digital audio, the sound wave of the audio signal is typically encoded as numerical samples in a continuous sequence. For example, in CD audio, samples are taken 44,100 times per second, each with 16-bit sample depth. Digital audio is also the name for the entire technology of sound recording and reproduction using audio signals that have been encoded in digital form. Following significant advances in digital audio technology during the 1970s and 1980s, it gradually replaced analog audio technology in many areas of audio engineering, record production and telecommunications in the 1990s and 2000s.
The MOS Technology 6581/8580 SID is the built-in programmable sound generator chip of the Commodore CBM-II, Commodore 64, Commodore 128, and MAX Machine home computers.
A music workstation is an electronic musical instrument providing the facilities of:
A sampler is an electronic musical instrument that records and plays back samples. Samples may comprise elements such as rhythm, melody, speech, sound effects or longer portions of music.
Kawai Musical Instruments Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is a musical instrument manufacturing company headquartered in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan. It is best known for its grand pianos, upright pianos, digital pianos, electronic keyboards and electronic synthesizers. The company was founded in August 1927.
The Roland D-50 is a synthesizer produced by Roland and released in April 1987. Its features include subtractive synthesis, on-board effects, a joystick for data manipulation, and an analogue synthesis-styled layout design. The external Roland PG-1000 (1987–1990) programmer could also be attached to the D-50 for more complex manipulation of its sounds. It was also produced in a rack-mount variant design, the D-550 (1987–1990), with almost 450 user-adjustable parameters.
A rompler is an electronic musical instrument that plays pre-fabricated sounds based on audio samples. The term rompler is a blend of the terms ROM and sampler. In contrast to samplers, romplers do not record audio. Both may have additional sound editing features, such as layering several waveforms and modulation with ADSR envelopes, filters and LFOs.
The Roland MT-32 Multi-Timbre Sound Module is a MIDI synthesizer module first released in 1987 by Roland Corporation. It was originally marketed to amateur musicians as a budget external synthesizer with an original list price of $695. However, it became more famous along with its compatible modules as an early de facto standard in computer music. Since it was made prior to the release of the General MIDI standard, it uses its own proprietary format for MIDI file playback.
The Korg Wavestation is a vector synthesis synthesizer first produced in the early 1990s and later re-released as a software synthesizer in 2004. Its primary innovation was Wave Sequencing, a method of multi-timbral sound generation in which different PCM waveform data are played successively, resulting in continuously evolving sounds. The Wavestation's "Advanced Vector Synthesis" sound architecture resembled early vector synths such as the Sequential Circuits Prophet VS.
The Roland JD-800 is a digital synthesizer that was manufactured between 1991 and 1996. It features many knobs and sliders for patch editing and performance control — features that some manufacturers, including Roland, had been omitting in the name of streamlining since the inception of the Yamaha DX7. The JD-800 thus became very popular with musicians who wished to take a hands-on approach to patch programming. The introduction in the manual states that Roland's intention with the JD-800 was to "return to the roots of synthesis".
The Kawai XD-5 is a percussion synthesizer based on the Kawai K4 sample playback with filter and AM amplifier modulation synthesis architecture. It is essentially a Kawai K4r with percussion waveforms, plus faster envelopes, gate mode and amplifier to better suit percussion sounds. The XD-5 also features include 32 digital oscillators each capable of using one of 256 available 16-bit waveforms, a digital filter with self resonance and 8 individual outputs.
Linear arithmetic synthesis, or LAsynthesis, is a means of sound synthesis invented by the Roland Corporation when they released their D-50 synthesizer in 1987.
Casio's SDSynthesizers were a late-1980s line of analog synthesizers featuring a resonant filter. SD synthesis was traditional DCO-analog synthesis, with the main difference being that some of the SD waveforms' harmonic spectrums changed temporally, or dynamically in relation to the amplitude envelope.
The Yamaha YMF278, also known as the OPL4, is a sound chip that incorporates both FM synthesis and sample-based synthesis by Yamaha.
The Yamaha YMZ280B, also known as PCMD8, is a sound chip produced by Yamaha Corporation. It is an eight-channel PCM/ADPCM sample-based synthesizer designed for use with video game machines, packaged in a 64-pin QFP.
The Roland D-70 is a 76 note Super LA synthesizer produced in Japan in 1990. it featured a 240 x 64 pixel backlit LCD display and competed with the likes of the Korg M1 and T-series workstations and Yamaha SY77 workstation, although the D-70 was not itself a workstation because it lacked a sequencer. The D-70 can also split or layer the four tones that constitute a patch and has D-50 style TVF filters. It has onboard drums sounds and is 6-part multi timbral. It has four left control faders that can be assigned in real time to the following paramemeters: Level, Pan, Tuning, Cutoff, Resonance, Attack, and Release. It has three modes of play: Mono, Polyphonic, Split. Despite being anticipated as a "Super D-50", it is in fact a different machine, a prototype of very successful JV series full-sample playback synths (ROMplers). It's very similar to JV-90, though has fewer quality samples and fewer editing capabilities.
The Kawai R-100 is drum machine released in 1987. The R-100 is the bigger brother of the R-50 and having velocity sensitive pads unlike the R-50. It has 24 on board samples that are 12-bit PCM format with a sample rate of 32kHz and eight individual outputs as well as stereo and mono outputs for routing to an external mixing desk.
The Oberheim Prommer is a monophonic sampler capable of programming EPROM chips for use in Oberheim DMX, Linn, Simmons, and Sequential drum machines, allowing you use you own samples in these devices. The device can be triggered by MIDI, or via Oberheim's pre-MIDI parallel bus.
The Kawai K1 is a 61 key synthesizer manufactured in 1988 by Kawai. It is an entry-level and low fidelity synthesizer and not as feature rich as the Kawai K4 and was released to compete with the Roland D50 and Korg M1 synthesizers. The patch memory can be doubled with a DC-8 memory card which was available separately.
The DDD-1 is a sampling drum machine introduced in 1986 by Korg. It offers more features than the DDD-5, and is highly regarded for its sounds and sequencer. The unit also features a limited sampling option, for adding sounds to the drum machine. It also has fully featured MIDI implementation, six assignable outputs, and a backlit LCD screen.
References
- ↑ "Kawai K4 Digital Multi Spectrum Synthesizer". Encyclotronic. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
- ↑ "Kawai K4 & K4R (MT Dec 89)". www.muzines.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
- ↑ "Kawai K4 & K4R (MT Dec 89)". www.muzines.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
- ↑ "Kawai K4: Really a 16 bit synthesizer? Only partially!" . Retrieved 2021-06-05.
- ↑ "Kawai K4r". Encyclotronic. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
- ↑ "Kawai K4R". www.polynominal.com. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
