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Serratia is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Yersiniaceae. According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing Nomenclature (LPSN), there are currently 19 species of Serratia that are credibly published with accurate names as of 2020: S. aquatilis, S. entomophila, S. ficaria, S. fonticola, S. grimesii, S. liquefaciens, S. marcescens, S. microhaemolytica, S. myotis, S. nematodiphila, S. odoriferae, S. oryzae, S. plymuthica, S. proteamaculans, S. quinivorans corrig, S. rubidaea, S. symbiotica, S. ureilytica, S. vespertilionis. They are typically 1–5 μm in length, do not produce spores, and can be found in water, soil, plants, and animals. Some members of this genus produce a characteristic red pigment, prodigiosin, and can be distinguished from other members of the order Enterobacterales by their unique production of three enzymes: DNase (nucA), lipase, and gelatinase (serralysin). Serratia was thought to be a harmless environmental bacteria until it was discovered that the most common species in the genus, S. marcescens, is an opportunistic pathogen of many animals, including humans. In humans, S. marcescens is mostly associated with nosocomial, or hospital-acquired, infections, but can also cause urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and endocarditis. S. marcescens is frequently found in showers, toilet bowls, and around wetted tiles as a pinkish to red biofilm but only causes disease in immunocompromised individuals. Aside from S marcescens, some rare strains of the Serratia species S. plymuthica, S. liquefaciens, S. rubidaea, and S. odoriferae have been shown to cause infection such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis.
Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative, bacillus-shaped bacterium, belonging to the family Yersiniaceae. It is motile at temperatures of 22–29°C (72–84°F), but becomes nonmotile at normal human body temperature. Y. enterocolitica infection causes the disease yersiniosis, which is an animal-borne disease occurring in humans, as well as in a wide array of animals such as cattle, deer, pigs, and birds. Many of these animals recover from the disease and become carriers; these are potential sources of contagion despite showing no signs of disease. The bacterium infects the host by sticking to its cells using trimeric autotransporter adhesins.
Mycolicibacter arupensis is a slowly growing mycobacterium first isolated from soil and human sputum samples in Spain. Etymology: arupense, pertaining to the ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, where the type strain was characterized.
The Veillonellaceae are a family of the Clostridia, formerly known as Acidaminococcaceae. Bacteria in this family are grouped together mainly based on genetic studies, which place them among the Bacillota. Supporting this placement, several species are capable of forming endospores. However, they differ from most other Bacillota in having Gram-negative stains. The cell wall composition is peculiar.
Aerococcus is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria). The genus was first identified in 1953 from samples of air and dust as a catalase-negative, gram-positive coccus that grew in small clusters. They were subsequently found in hospital environments and meat-curing brines. It has been difficult to identify as it resembles alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus on blood agar plates and is difficult to identify by biochemical means. Sequencing of 16S rRNA has become the gold standard for identification, but other techniques such as MALDI-TOF have also been useful for identifying both the genus and species.
The Selenomonadales are an order of bacteria within the class Negativicutes; unlike most other members of Bacillota, they are Gram-negative. The phylogeny of this order was initially determined by 16S rRNA comparisons. More recently, molecular markers in the form of conserved signature indels (CSIs) have been found specific for all Selenomonadales species. On the basis of these markers, the Selenomonadales are inclusive of two distinct families, and are no longer the sole order within the Negativicutes. Several CSIs have also been found specific for both families, Sporomusaceae and Selenomonadceae. Samples of bacterial strains within this order have been isolated from the root canals of healthy human teeth.
Sutterella is a genus of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, Betaproteobacteria whose species have been isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract as well as canine feces. The genus of the family Sutterellaceae currently encompasses 4 distinct species, though at least 5 additional species have been proposed that do not yet meet International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) standards for classification. Sutterella are frequently referred to as commensal in the context of human hosts, but are associated with inflammation, which has implications for a number of diseases.
Achromobacter insolitus is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterium from the genus Achromobacter which was isolated from various human clinical samples.
Achromobacter spanius is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Achromobacter isolated from various human clinical samples.
Kerstersia gyiorum is a Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, bacterium of the genus Kerstersia, isolated from various human clinical samples.
Acinetobacter gyllenbergii is a gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, strictly aerobic nonmotile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from human clinical specimens. It is named in honour of Finnish bacteriologist and taxonomist Helge G. Gyllenberg.
Arthrobacter luteolus is a bacterium species from the genus Arthrobacter which has been isolated from a human surgical wound in Belgium. Arthrobacter luteolus occurs in human clinical specimens.
Chryseobacterium treverense is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from human blood in Trier in Germany.
Chryseobacterium indologenes is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a human. Chryseobacterium indologenes is a pathogen of American bullfrogs and humans.
Marinobacter similis is a Gram-negative and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from seawater.
Tsukamurella hongkongensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Tsukamurella. It has been isolated from a human clinical sample in the Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong.
Parabacteroides is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming genus from the family Tannerellaceae.
Negativicoccus is a Gram-negative and anaerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Veillonellaceae.
Negativicoccus succinicivorans is a Gram-positive and anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Negativicoccus which has been isolated from a human toe wound in France.
Haematomicrobium sanguinis is a species of bacteria from the family Micrococcaceae which has been isolated from human blood in Stockholm, Sweden.
References
- ↑ "LPSN LPSN" . Retrieved 2013-08-05.
- ↑ "Straininfo of Kerstersia similis". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
- ↑ Vandamme, P; De Brandt, E; Houf, K; De Baere, T (2012). "Kerstersia similis sp. nov., isolated from human clinical samples". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 62 (Pt 9): 2156–9. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.037887-0. PMID 22058318.
- ↑ EzBioCloud
- ↑ Gideonon
