Kopaja | |
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![]() Kopaja buses in Sudirman avenue | |
Overview | |
Locale | Jakarta, Indonesia |
Transit type | Minibus |
Operation | |
Began operation | 1962 |
Ended operation | 2020 (Replaced in role by Metrotrans and Minitrans [1] ) [2] |
Koperasi Angkutan Jakarta or Kopaja (Jakarta Transport Cooperative) was a cooperative established in 1971 to provide public transport services in Jakarta. [3] There were reportedly over 1,400 minibuses in the Kopaja fleet in mid-2012, more than half of which were estimated to be over 20 years old. [4]
Kopaja buses have a rated capacity of 20-30 seats like the similar MetroMini service. Kopaja buses are green and white. But despite the nominal capacity of 20-30 passengers, Kopaja buses are often heavily overloaded. Safety is often compromised by this practice of overloading. In addition, the drivers are often reckless and do not pay attention to traffic signs and other traffic. [5] Further, Kopaja diesel vehicles are often badly maintained and contribute significant amounts of pollution in Jakarta. [6] In late 2012, in response to criticisms the chairman of the Kopaja organisation admitted that around 70% of the Kopaja buses were not road worthy but said that improvements would need support from the Jakarta government. [7]
Despite these problems the Kopaja bus service, like other low-cost bus transport options such as the small local Angkot vans, [8] is a key part of the Jakarta transport network. There are numerous routes which crisscross the city and link into the Transjakarta Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. [9] Fares, at Rp 2,000 per ride (around US 20 cents) for most services, are cheap. Efforts to upgrade the service by introducing newer air-conditioned Kopaja buses in 2012 [10] have so far attracted limited custom because passengers are reluctant to pay the higher Rp 5,000 (about US 50 cents) price for the higher-quality buses. [11] Other attempts are made from time to time by the Jakarta Government to improve services; in late 2015, for example, it was announced that the Government would provide new, larger buses on one of the Kopaja routes (route S66) and tighten up fare arrangements on the route. [12]
It is not uncommon for buskers, often children, to jump aboard the Kopaja minibuses. However apart from hoping for a small contribution they rarely cause any trouble at all to passengers. [13]
Kopaja buses are numbered and travel along designated routes. The numbers are sometimes a little hard to spot since they are posted in a somewhat random fashion on the buses, usually on the front and back windows and sometimes (or alternatively) on the side windows as well. There are also designated bus stops but the bus stops are rarely used. Rather, passengers just wave down the slowly travelling passing buses and later just indicate the spot where they wish to alight. Conductors hanging out of the front or rear doors of the Kopaja, who are often shouting the destination as the buses travel along (such as, "Senen, Senen, Senen" on route No P.20 listed below), facilitate these arrangements.
The route that a Kopaja bus is following is usually listed on the front window of the bus (such as Tn. Abang - Ragunan for route No P.19 below). But somewhat confusingly, most buses have large garish names plastered across the front window as well such as Mawar (Rose), Bunga (Flower), Ikhlas (Sincere), Firdaus (Paradise) and even Sexy. These names, which often tend to obscure other details such as the route number and name, are merely decorations and do not provide information of any particular kind to commuters.
The following is the set of routes currently in service. The bus numbers and routes sometime show prefix letters which indicate the following:
The routes are the following:
Tanah Abang is a district of Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The district hosts the biggest textile market in Southeast Asia, Tanah Abang Market. It hosts Bung Karno Stadium, in Kelurahan Gelora, and the western half of the largely skyscraper-dominated Sudirman Central Business District.
Gambir Station is a major railway station in Gambir, Gambir, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The station is located on the eastern side of Merdeka Square and the western side of the Pramuka Movement headquarters and Immanuel Church. It is operated by the KAI.
Pasar Minggu is a district in the administrative city of South Jakarta, Indonesia. The area is known for its traditional Sunday market, famous for the fruit market. Historically, Pasar Minggu is a fruit cultivation area developed by the Dutch government during the colonial period. The central point of the cultivation area is the traditional market of Pasar Minggu, located in what is now the lower-division Pasar Minggu subdistrict. Teak forest could also be found in the Pasar Minggu district, notably around the Jati Padang subdistrict. Most of these areas have been converted into residential areas as Jakarta grows southward.
Ciracas is a district (kecamatan) of East Jakarta, one of the five administrative cities of Jakarta, Indonesia. Ciracas is the southernmost district in Jakarta. The area of Cibubur Scout's camping ground complex is located partly within the Ciracas District, although the main camping ground area is located in Cipayung District. The boundaries of Ciracas District are: Cipinang River to the west, Cipinang River - Jambore Road to the south, Jagorawi Tollroad to the east, and Kelapa Dua Wetan Road to the north.
Jalan M.H. Thamrin or Jalan Thamrin is a major thoroughfare in Jakarta, Indonesia. The road is located at the center of Jakarta, running from the north end of Jalan Jenderal Sudirman at West Flood Canal at the south end to the roundabout near Arjuna Wijaya Statue Jakarta at the north end. Developed in the 1950s, the road was a landmark of post-colonial Indonesia and continues to have a prominent importance in Jakarta.
Jalan H.R. Rasuna Said or Jalan Rasuna Said is one of the main avenues of Jakarta, Indonesia. It was constructed during the 1970s. It is located in the Golden Triangle of Jakarta. The road was named after Hajjah Rangkayo Rasuna Said, a National Hero of Indonesia. The road runs 4.9 km (3.0 mi) from Setiabudi, South Jakarta, to Tendean, Mampang Prapatan, South Jakarta. The Rasuna Said Street is also one of the Odd–even Traffic Restriction Scheme implementation zones.
The MetroMini minibus system was a major part of the public transport system of Jakarta. There were reportedly over 3,000 buses in the MetroMini fleet in mid-2012. The buses are similar to the parallel Kopaja system which also provides transport services, on different routes, across Jakarta. The distinctive MetroMini buses are orange and blue with a white stripe running along the length of the bus. Buses provide seating for around 20-30 people with, often, an equal number crammed into limited standing room so the buses are often overcrowded. But at 2015 Jakarta Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama stopped all of MetroMini's bus operations because of a MetroMini vs KRL Commuter Line crash. If MetroMini wants to operate again, it has to join Transjakarta like the Kopaja as a feeder bus. Many routes are/will replaced/replaced by Minitrans and Metrotrans buses.
Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto(Gatot Subroto Avenue) is one of the major roads in Jakarta, Indonesia. The road starts from Dirgantara statue in South Jakarta, which crosses 10 administrative villages and ends at Slipi, Central Jakarta. The road is named after National Hero of Indonesia General Gatot Subroto. The road was constructed in 1960s. The road runs parallel with Jakarta Inner Ring Road. The location of the road is within the Golden Triangle CBD of Jakarta. Many important office buildings and skyscrapers are situated along the road.
Jalan Daan Mogot is one of the main avenues in Jakarta, Indonesia. The road is named after a military officer involved in the struggle for Indonesian independence Daan Mogot. This road stretches along 27.5 KM from Grogol, West Jakarta to Sukarasa, Tangerang, Tangerang. After entering Tangerang, this road continues to Jalan Merdeka and Jalan Gatot Subroto .This road is part of Indonesian National Route 1. This road crosses 14 urban villages, namely
Kemang is a neighborhood in southern part of Jakarta, Indonesia. The area is located mostly in Bangka subdistrict of Mampang Prapatan and partly within Pejaten subdistrict of Pasar Minggu. The main area of Kemang is marked by the roads of Kemang Raya, Prapanca, and Bangka Streets.
BNI City station is a station for the Soekarno-Hatta Airport Rail Link and KAI Commuter service. Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) holds the naming rights for the station, which was known as Sudirman Baru station during construction period. The station is located in Central Jakarta, on the north bank of West Flood Canal, about a hundred meters from Sudirman Commuter Rail station. The station is part of Dukuh Atas TOD.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Jakarta:
The Transjakarta Corridor 1 is the Transjakarta bus rapid transit route in Jakarta, Indonesia. The route operates between Blok M Terminal and Jakarta Kota railway station. It is the first route of the Transjakarta BRT system. The roads that are traversed by Corridor 1 are along Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin, Trunojoyo, Sisingamangaraja, Sudirman, MH Thamrin, Medan Merdeka Barat, Gajah Mada / Hayam Wuruk, Pintu Besar Utara, Kali Besar Barat, Kunir, and Lada Dalam. Key integration points include Dukuh Atas TOD that is currently an integration point for four transport modes, Jakarta Kota station which serves KRL Commuterline, and Harmoni station that is one of the main hubs in the BRT system. From Blok M to Bundaran HI ASTRA stations, this corridor is in parallel with North–South Line of MRT Jakarta, thus many of the BRT stations are integrated directly with the MRT stations. Currently, all bus stations are served by buses 24 hours a day.
Transjakarta Corridor 8 is a bus rapid transit corridor in Jakarta, Indonesia, operated by Transjakarta. It serves the route from Lebak Bulus, South Jakarta to the Pasar Baru BRT station in Central Jakarta. The corridor traverses along Pasar Jumat, Ciputat Raya, TB Simatupang, Metro Pondok Indah, Arteri Pondok Indah, Teuku Nyak Arif, Letjen Supeno, Panjang, Daan Mogot, Letjen S. Parman, Tomang Raya, Balikpapan, Suryopranoto, Ir. Hj. Djuanda, and Pos streets, and terminates at Pasar Baru. Then continues via Gedung Kesenian, Lapangan Banteng Utama, and Katedral streets towards Lebak Bulus. This corridor is integrated with KRL Commuterline at Kebayoran railway station which serves the Rangkasbitung Line via Kebayoran BRT station, Tangerang Line at Pesing railway station via Damai BRT station, and Bogor Line at Juanda railway station via Juanda BRT station. This corridor is also integrated with the Jakarta MRT at Lebak Bulus Grab station via Lebak Bulus BRT station.
Transjakarta Corridor 13 is a bus rapid transit corridor in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia, operated by Transjakarta. It serves the route from Ciledug, Tangerang, Banten, to Tegal Mampang BRT station in Mampang Prapatan, South Jakarta. The roads traversed by Corridor 13 are HOS Tjokroaminoto (Tangerang), Ciledug Raya, Kebayoran Lama, Kyai Maja, Trunojoyo, Wolter Monginsidi, and Kapten Tendean. This is the first corridor on the BRT system to operate on a separated elevated route, running via a 9 kilometre long and 8 metre wide dedicated elevated bus lane, with height ranging from 18 to 23 metres above ground level.
Blok M Terminal is a type-B bus terminal located within the commercial and entertainment quarter of Blok M in Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta, Indonesia. It only serves city transport buses that connects several regions in Jakarta and its surrounding cities. The terminal primarily serves Transjakarta's BRT corridors and feeder routes. Perum DAMRI also operates numbers of shuttle bus services from the Soekarno–Hatta International Airport and several gated communities in Greater Jakarta to Blok M terminal. Apart from DAMRI, Mayasari Bakti and Sinar Jaya also operates their bus routes to this terminal.
Transjakarta Corridor 14 is a bus rapid transit corridor in Jakarta, Indonesia, operated by Transjakarta. It serves the route from the Jakarta International Stadium to the Pasar Senen BRT station. The streets that passed by Corridor 14 are along Imam Sapi'ie, Letjen Suprapto, Tanah Tinggi Barat/Timur, Utan Panjang Barat/Timur, Kemayoran Gempol, Benyamin Sueb, HBR Motik, and Danau Sunter Barat streets.