| Kroppenstedtia guangzhouensis | |
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| Species: | K. guangzhouensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Kroppenstedtia guangzhouensis Yang et al. 2013 [1] | |
| Type strain | |
| CGMCC 1.12404, KCTC 29149, GD02 [2] | |
Kroppenstedtia guangzhouensis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, filamentous and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Kroppenstedtia which has been isolated from soil from China. [1] [2] [3]
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and protozoa. Bacterial spores are not part of a sexual cycle but are resistant structures used for survival under unfavourable conditions. Myxozoan spores release amoebulae into their hosts for parasitic infection, but also reproduce within the hosts through the pairing of two nuclei within the plasmodium, which develops from the amoebula.
Filamentation is the anomalous growth of certain bacteria, such as E. coli, in which cells continue to elongate but do not divide. The cells that result from elongation without division have multiple chromosomal copies. Bacterial filamentation is often observed as a result of bacteria responding to various stresses, including DNA damage or inhibition of replication. This may happen, for example, while responding to extensive DNA damage through the SOS response system. Nutritional changes may also cause bacterial filamentation. Some of the key genes involved in filamentation in E. coli include sulA and minCD. The following genes have been connected to virulence using the G. mellonella infection model: BCR1,FLO8, KEM1, SUV3 and TEC1. These genes are required for biofilm development from filamentation. Filamentation properties are argued to be necessary in virulence. The biofilm of bacteria is also connected to the organism’s virulence. Filamentation is a survival strategy that protects bacteria from stressors such as host effectors and protist predators. The strategy of filamentation is known to protect bacteria from antibiotic medicines taken by the host.
An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment. In contrast, an anaerobic organism (anaerobe) is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth. Some anaerobes react negatively or even die if oxygen is present.
