Kutai Kartanegara Bridge | |
---|---|
Coordinates | 0°26′40″S117°00′10″E / 0.444433°S 117.00288°E |
Crossed | Mahakam River |
Locale | Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia |
Official name | Kutai Kartanegara ing Martadipura Bridge |
Characteristics | |
Design | Suspension bridge [1] (original) Arch bridge [1] (new) |
Material | Steel [1] |
Total length | 710 m (2,329 ft) [1] |
Longest span | 270 m (886 ft) [1] |
Clearance above | 5 m (16 ft) |
Clearance below | 15 m (49 ft) [2] |
History | |
Constructed by | PT Hutama Karya |
Construction start | 17 August 1995 (original) 10 April 2013 (new) |
Construction end | 2001 (original) November 2015 (new) |
Opened | Early 2002 (original) 7 December 2015 (new) |
Collapsed | 26 November 2011 (original) |
Location | |
The Kutai Kartanegara Bridge (also known as the Mahakam II Bridge) is an arch bridge, formerly a suspension bridge, located in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan, on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. It crosses the Mahakam River and connects Tenggarong and Tenggarong Seberang districts, as well as roads that lead to Samarinda.
The 710-metre-long (2,329 ft) bridge, which featured a 270-metre-long (886 ft) suspended section, was intended to resemble San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge. Construction on the bridge commenced in 1995 and was completed in 2001. [3] It was the longest suspension bridge in Indonesia. [2]
On 26 November 2011, the bridge collapsed only ten years after it was completed, killing at least 20 people and injuring 39.
The bridge was constructed by state-owned builders PT Hutama Karya [3] at a cost of Rp 150 billion (US$16.4 million). [4]
On 26 November 2011 at 9:59pm (local time), [5] [6] while workers were performing maintenance on the bridge, a support cable snapped [3] and the structure suffered a catastrophic failure. The roadway fell into the 50-metre-deep (164 ft) Mahakam River below, leaving only the two bridge towers and some support cables remaining. At least 20 people were killed [7] and 40 were injured, [5] with an additional 19 people reported missing. [7] Research findings have shown that the collapse was largely due to construction failure of the vertical hanging clamp. It was also found that poor maintenance, fatigue in the construction material of cable hanger, and the quality of material, may have also impacted the collapse of the bridge. [8]
A replacement arch bridge was built in 2013 and formally opened in December 2015.
A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders. The first modern examples of this type of bridge were built in the early 1800s. Simple suspension bridges, which lack vertical suspenders, have a long history in many mountainous parts of the world.
East Kalimantan is a province of Indonesia. Its territory comprises the eastern portion of Kalimantan. It had a population of about 3.03 million at the 2010 census, 3.42 million at the 2015 census, and 3.766 million at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 4,030,488. Its capital is the city of Samarinda.
The Mahakam River is third longest and volume discharge river in Borneo after Kapuas River and Barito River, it is located in Kalimantan, Indonesia. It flows 980 kilometers from the district of Long Apari in the highlands of Borneo, to its mouth at the Makassar Strait.
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Kutai Kartanegara Regency is a regency of East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. It has a land area of 27,263.10 km2 and a water area of 4,097 km2, geographically located between 1°18′40″S and 116°31′36″E. The population of the regency was 626,286 at the 2010 Census and 729,382 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 788,113. The town of Tenggarong is the capital of the regency.
Kutai is a historical region in what is now the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. The region shares its name with the native ethnic group of the region, with a total population around 300,000, who have their own language known as the Kutainese language which accompanies their own rich history. Today, the name is preserved in the names of three regencies in East Kalimantan province which are the Kutai Kartanegara Regency, the West Kutai Regency and East Kutai Regency with the major river flowing in the heart of the region known as the Mahakam River. The Kutai Martadipura Kingdom (399–1635) was the earliest Hindu kingdom in the East Indies. It was later succeeded by the Muslim sultanate of Kutai Kartanegara (1300–1844).
The 2010–11 Liga Indonesia Premier Division, also known as 2010–11 Liga Ti-Phone Indonesia season, was the sixteenth edition of Liga Indonesia Premier Division since its establishment in 1994. The competition ran from 19 November 2010 to 25 May 2011.
Tenggarong is a town in and the capital of Kutai Kartanegara Regency of East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Tenggarong is also a district (kecamatan). The former Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate's capital was likewise located in Tenggarong.
The Kapuas River is a river in the Indonesian part of Borneo island. It originates in the Müller Mountain Range at the center of the island and flows south until merging with the Barito River and discharging into the Java Sea. It should be distinguished from another Kapuas River, which starts on the other side of the same mountain range in central Borneo but flows to the west and empties to the South China Sea.
The Belayan River is a river of Borneo, Indonesia, 1300 km northeast of the capital Jakarta. It is a tributary of the Mahakam River.
The Kutai sedimentary basin extends from the central highlands of Borneo, across the eastern coast of the island and into the Makassar Strait. With an area of 60,000 km2, and depths up to 15 km, the Kutai is the largest and deepest Tertiary age basin in Indonesia. Plate tectonic evolution in the Indonesian region of SE Asia has produced a diverse array of basins in the Cenozoic. The Kutai is an extensional basin in a general foreland setting. Its geologic evolution begins in the mid Eocene and involves phases of extension and rifting, thermal sag, and isostatic subsidence. Rapid, high volume, sedimentation related to uplift and inversion began in the Early Miocene. The different stages of Kutai basin evolution can be roughly correlated to regional and local tectonic events. It is also likely that regional climate, namely the onset of the equatorial ever wet monsoon in early Miocene, has affected the geologic evolution of Borneo and the Kutai basin through the present day. Basin fill is ongoing in the lower Kutai basin, as the modern Mahakam River delta progrades east across the continental shelf of Borneo.
Habib Muhammad bin Yahya or better known as the title of Prince Noto Igomo was an Indonesian scholar from Hadhramaut who became the Grand Mufti of Kutai during the reign of Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin (1899-1910).
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