- Cardboard model (Modellbogen) of the castle
- Kyburg in 1740
- Panoramic view
- General view
- Coat of arms
Kyburg | |
---|---|
![]() Schloss Kyburg | |
General information | |
Classification | Swiss heritage site of national significance |
Town or city | 8314 Kyburg |
Country | Switzerland |
Coordinates | 47°27′30″N8°44′36″E / 47.458384°N 8.743380°E |
Construction started | c. 1030 |
Completed | c. 1530 |
Website | |
www.schlosskyburg.ch |
Kyburg Castle (German : Schloss Kyburg) is a castle in Switzerland, overlooking the Töss river about 3 km south-east of Winterthur, in Kyburg municipality, canton of Zürich. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance. [1]
The first fortification at this site was likely built in the second half of the 10th century by the counts of Winterthur. It is first mentioned in 1027 under the name of Chuigeburg ("cows-fort"), which name points to an original use as a refuge castle for livestock. The modern spelling Kyburg first occurs in the 1230s (other spellings of the 11th to 13th century include Chiuburch, Cogiburk, Kuiburc, Chuͦweburg, Chyburc, Qwiburg, Kiburc, Chiburg, Kibor, Kyburc, Kiburg) [2]
The early castle was destroyed in 1028 or 1030 by emperor Conrad II. It was rebuilt and soon became the center of the county of Kyburg which was formed in 1053 as a possession of the counts of Dillingen. In 1079, during the Investiture Controversy, the castle was attacked and partially destroyed by Abbot Ulrich II of St. Gall. By 1096, the counts of Dillingen included a count of Kyburg as one of their titles. By 1180, the counts of Kyburg emerged as a cadet line of the Dillingen family. [3] They rose to be the most important noble family in the Swiss plateau beside the Habsburg and the House of Savoy by the 13th century.
After the death of the last count in 1264, Rudolph of Habsburg claimed the inheritance for his family. With one interruption, the Imperial Regalia of the Holy Roman Empire were kept in the castle between 1273 and 1322.
In 1349, 330 Jews were burned within the fortress. This was one of the deadliest pogroms in Swiss areas. [4]
The core of the extant castle originates in the 13th century, with the addition of substantial parts in the course of the 13th and 14th centuries. It is among the largest surviving medieval castle complexes in Switzerland, consisting of a bergfried and palas with additional residential and economic buildings and a chapel, all connected by a ring wall enclosing a large courtyard.
In 1424, the city of Zürich bought the county, and the castle became the seat of the reeve. The dilapidated castle was substantially renovated at this time. The chapel has substantial late Gothic frescoes commissioned by Zürich. Substantial changes to the structure were made under reeve Hans Rudolf Lavater during 1527/8. Further changes were made to the structure in the early modern period. [3]
The castle was plundered by the local populace in 1798, but it was again used as an administrative seat from 1803 until 1831, when it was sold by auction to one Franz Heinrich Hirzel of Winterthur who intended to use it as a quarry. To prevent its destruction, the castle was bought by the exiled Polish count Alexander Sobansky (1799–1861) in 1835. Sobansky resided in the castle for the next 30 years. In 1865 the castle was opened as a "Castle and Art Museum" by Matthäus Pfau. Under the next owner, Eduard Bodmer, the museum remained open. [5] In 1917, the Canton of Zurich bought the castle back. The castle has been run by the Verein Museum Schloss Kyburg since 1999.
In 2021-2022, a 14th-century gauntlet was discovered near Kyberg during an archeological excavation. [6]
Every summer the Kyburgiade, an international chamber music festival, takes place in the inner courtyard of the castle. [7]
The castle forms an irregular quadrangle with a single courtyard atop a steep hill above the Töss valley. South of the castle, between the medieval neck ditches, is the French formal garden which was designed in 1700 by Caspar Schwarzenbach. The entrance to the castle is through the outer gate located on the north-east corner. The gate house was rebuilt in 1579-80 and decorated with coats of arms by Christoph and Josias Murer. A zwinger , or narrow, defensive passage, leads from the outer gate to the inner gate. A walkway goes over the zwinger and connects the palas, or great hall, with the Willenturm (Willen tower) on the north corner of the castle. The inner gate is protected by the bergfried, which was built in 1424 with the addition of a roof in 1444. [8]
Winterthur is a city in the canton of Zurich in northern Switzerland. With over 120,000 residents, it is the country's sixth-largest city by population, as well as its ninth-largest agglomeration with about 140,000 inhabitants. Located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Zurich, Winterthur is a service and high-tech industrial satellite city within Zurich Metropolitan Area.
Tarasp Castle is a castle in Switzerland, near the former municipality of Tarasp, in Lower Engadin, Graubünden. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
The County of Kyburg probably came into existence in the 11th century and is first mentioned in 1027. After 1053 it was a possession of the counts of Dillingen. It was greatly expanded with the extinction of the House of Lenzburg in 1173.
The Kyburg family was a noble family of grafen (counts) in the Duchy of Swabia, a cadet line of the counts of Dillingen, who in the late 12th and early 13th centuries ruled the County of Kyburg, corresponding to much of what is now Northeastern Switzerland.
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Regensberg Castle is a hill castle which was built about the mid-13th century AD by the House of Regensberg in the Swiss municipality of Regensberg in the Canton of Zürich.
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The Counts of Dillingen were a Swabian comital family of the Hupaldinger (Hucpaldinger) dynasty during AD 955–1286.
The Counts of Winterthur were a Swabian noble family, a branch of the Udalrichinger dynasty, who ruled parts of Thurgau in the 10th and 11th centuries. They are named for the Alemannic settlement at Vitudurum, but their rule predates the foundation of the city of Winterthur in 1180.
Rhäzüns Castle is a castle near Rhäzüns, Graubünden, Switzerland.
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