| LRRC23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | LRRC23 , LRPB7, leucine rich repeat containing 23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | MGI: 1315192; HomoloGene: 5082; GeneCards: LRRC23; OMA:LRRC23 - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRC23 gene. [5] [6] [7]
The function of LRRC23 is unknown. It is a member of the leucine-rich repeat family of proteins, which are known for participating in protein-protein interactions. Experimental evidence suggests that LRRC23 interacts with the CD28 protein in a pathway related to the immune system and development of regulatory T cells that control spontaneous autoimmune disease. [8]
LRRC23 spans 343 residues containing two varieties of internally repeating sequence. Detected and aligned by RADAR, [9] the most abundant repeat is the leucine-rich repeat, repeating 9 times in bases 89-287. The other repeated sequence occurs twice in bases 3-36. The RADAR program output, below, summarizes the composition and location of all the repeats and aligns them for comparison against each other. 
The human genome produces three known variants of LRRC23. [7] The largest splice variant, variant 3, contains 8 exons. Variants 1 and 2 use alternative first exons, and variant 2 excludes the seventh exon, giving it a total of seven exons making up the mRNA.
Although the actual structure of LRRC23 is unknown, comparison to the crystal structures of various similar proteins such as 2OMW A (e-value 1.00e-17) reveals a structure typical of other leucine-rich repeat proteins. Alternating beta sheets and coils create a spiraled peptide chain forming an arch shape with beta-sheets occupying the concave surface. [10]
The aligned structure of 2OMW_A with LRRC23 spans acids 72-272 of the LRRC23 protein. Conserved asparagines are highlighted in yellow, showing the regularity of spacing and repeat structure within. This model was generated using Cn3D software provided by NCBI.
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, (CTLA-4) also known as CD152, is a protein receptor that functions as an immune checkpoint and downregulates immune responses. CTLA-4 is constitutively expressed in regulatory T cells but only upregulated in conventional T cells after activation – a phenomenon which is particularly notable in cancers. It acts as an "off" switch when bound to CD80 or CD86 on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. It is encoded by the gene CTLA4 in humans.
CD28 is a protein expressed on T cells that provides essential co-stimulatory signals required for T cell activation and survival. When T cells are stimulated through CD28 in conjunction with the T-cell receptor (TCR), it enhances the production of various interleukins, particularly IL-6. CD28 serves as a receptor for CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2), proteins found on antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
Atrophin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATN1 gene. The encoded protein includes a serine repeat and a region of alternating acidic and basic amino acids, as well as the variable glutamine repeat. The function of Atrophin-1 has not yet been determined. There is evidence provided by studies of Atrophin-1 in animals to suggest it acts as a transcriptional co-repressor. Atrophin-1 can be found in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of neurons. It is expressed in nervous tissue.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB3 gene.
Probable G-protein coupled receptor 162 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR162 gene.
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGR6 gene. Along with the other G-protein coupled receptors LGR4 and LGR5, LGR6 is a Wnt signaling pathway mediator. LGR6 also acts as an epithelial stem cell marker in squamous cell carcinoma in mice in vivo.
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the USP5 gene.
Prohibitin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PHB2 gene.
F-box/LRR-repeat protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXL5 gene.
Prolargin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRELP gene.
Lysophospholipid acyltransferase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LPCAT3 gene. It is homologous to other membrane-bound O-acyltransferases.
Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 41 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRC41 gene.
Protein ITFG3 also known as family with sequence similarity 234 member A (FAM234A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITFG3 gene. Here, the gene is explored as encoded by mRNA found in Homo sapiens. The FAM234A gene is conserved in mice, rats, chickens, zebrafish, dogs, cows, frogs, chimpanzees, and rhesus monkeys. Orthologs of the gene can be found in at least 220 organisms including the tropical clawed frog, pandas, and Chinese hamsters. The gene is located at 16p13.3 and has a total of 19 exons. The mRNA has a total of 3224 bp and the protein has 552 aa. The molecular mass of the protein produced by this gene is 59660 Da. It is expressed in at least 27 tissue types in humans, with the greatest presence in the duodenum, fat, small intestine, and heart.
Leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRN2 gene.
Transmembrane protein 8B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM8B gene. It encodes for a transmembrane protein that is 338 amino acids long, and is located on human chromosome 9. Aliases associated with this gene include C9orf127, NAG-5, and NGX61.
Cell division cycle-associated protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDCA3 gene.
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LEPREL2 gene.
MORN1 containing repeat 1, also known as Morn1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MORN1 gene.
Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 50 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRC50 gene.
Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 74A (LRRC74A), is a protein encoded by the LRRC74A gene. The protein LRRC74A is localized in the cytoplasm. It has a calculated molecular weight of approximately 55 kDa. The LRRC74A protein is nominally expressed in the testis, salivary gland, and pancreas.
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