Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri is an Indonesian politician who served as the fifth president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004. She previously served as the eighth vice president from 1999 to 2001.
Abdurrahman Wahid,though more colloquially known as Gus Dur,was an Indonesian politician and Islamic religious leader who served as the fourth president of Indonesia,from his election in 1999 until he was removed from office in 2001. A long time leader within the Nahdlatul Ulama organization,he was the founder of the National Awakening Party (PKB). He was the son of Minister of Religious Affairs Wahid Hasyim,and the grandson of Nahdatul Ulama founder Hasyim Asy'ari. Due to a visual impairment caused by glaucoma,he was blind in the left eye and partially blind in his right eye. He was the first president of Indonesia to have had physical disabilities.
The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle is a centre to centre-left secular-nationalist political party in Indonesia. Since 2014,it has been the ruling and largest party in the House of Representatives (DPR),having secured 128 seats in the last election. The party is led by Megawati Sukarnoputri,who served as the President of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004. It is also the party of the current president,Joko Widodo (Jokowi).
Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 5 July and 20 September 2004. As no candidate won a majority in the first round,a runoff was held,in which Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated Megawati Sukarnoputri and was elected president. They were the first direct presidential elections in the history of Indonesia;prior to a 2002 amendment to the Constitution of Indonesia,both the president and vice president had been elected by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR).
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,commonly referred to as SBY,is an Indonesian politician and retired army general who served as the sixth president of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014 and the second Indonesian President from the military after Suharto. He founded the Democratic Party of Indonesia,he served as the 4th leader of the Democratic Party from 2014 until 2020,8th and 10th Coordinating Minister of Politics and Security Affairs of Indonesia from 2000 until 2001,and again from 2001 until 2004. He also served as the president of the Assembly and chair of the Council of the Global Green Growth Institute. He was also the former chairman of ASEAN due to Indonesia's hosting of the 18th and 19th ASEAN Summits.
The National Mandate Party,frequently abbreviated to PAN,is an Islam-based political party in Indonesia.
Kwik Kian Gie is an Indonesian economist and politician who served as the Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs from 1999 to 2000,the Minister of National Development Planning from 2001 to 2004,as well as briefly serving as the Deputy Speakers of the People's Consultative Assembly in 1999. He is a prominent Indonesian economist who often wrote columns in the newspaper KOMPAS criticizing the policies of the Suharto administration in the late 1980s and 1990s.
The Post-Suharto era is the contemporary history in Indonesia,which began with the resignation of authoritarian president Suharto on 21 May 1998. Since his resignation,the country has been in a period of transition known as the Reform era. This period has been characterised by a more open political-social environment and grassroots economic improvement.
Yusril Ihza Mahendra is an Indonesian lawyer,politician and academic,who is currently serving as the leader of the Crescent Star Party (PBB) since 2015. Previously,he served as the leader of the PBB from 1998 until 2005,Minister of Justice and Human Rights from 2004 until 2007,and member of the People's Representative Council from 1999 until 2009.
Muhammad Taufiq Kiemas was an Indonesian politician,who served as the Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly of Indonesia from 2009 until his death in 2013. A member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P),he was the husband of Megawati Sukarnoputri,president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004.
Agum Gumelar is a politician and former general of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. He is a former minister having held several positions,a former chairman of Indonesian Football Association and National Sports Committee of Indonesia. He is an alumnus of the National Military Academy in Magelang,Central Java and Medical Faculty of Padjadjaran University in Bandung,West Java. In 1998,he received a master's degree from American World University,an organization forbidden to operate in 2005 because of its diploma mill action.
The National Unity Cabinet was the Indonesian cabinet which served under President Abdurrahman Wahid and Vice President Megawati Sukarnoputri from 29 October 1999 until 23 July 2001. The Cabinet was formed after Wahid and Megawati were elected President and Vice President by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). The cabinet was originally designed to look after the interests of the various political parties and the Indonesian National Armed Forces,but this notion quickly disappeared as Wahid's presidency began to break down.
Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 8 July 2009. The elections returned a president and vice president for the 2009–2014 term. Incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,elected with a 20% margin in the 2004 election,sought a second term against former President Megawati Sukarnoputri in a rematch of the 2004 election,as well as incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla. Securing a majority of the votes in a landslide victory in the first round,Yudhoyono was re-elected without the need to proceed to a second round,scheduled to be held on 8 September if no candidate received a majority of the popular vote. Yudhoyono was officially declared the victor of the election on 23 July 2009,by the General Election Commission (KPU). At the time of his re-election victory,Yudhoyono,with nearly 74 million votes in his favour,held the record for the highest number of votes for a single person in any democratic election in history,surpassing Barack Obama's total of 69 million votes in the 2008 United States presidential election. His record was surpassed by his respective successors Joko Widodo who won 85 million votes in 2019 and Prabowo Subianto who won 96 million votes in 2024.
Diah Permana Rachmawati Sukarnoputri was an Indonesian politician. Her father was Indonesia's founding president Sukarno and her elder sister is Megawati Sukarnoputri,who was Indonesia's fifth president.
From 20 to 21 October 1999,the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR),the legislative branch of Indonesia,met to elect both the president and vice president of the country for a five-year term. The incumbent president,B. J. Habibie,declined to stand for election. On 20 October,Abdurrahman Wahid,chairman of the Nahdlatul Ulama,was elected president and inaugurated on the same day. Wahid's opponent,Megawati Sukarnoputri was subsequently elected vice president the next day. The elections represented the first relatively democratic and peaceful transfer of power in the history of Indonesia.
President of Indonesia Decree of 23 July 2001 was issued by the fourth President of Indonesia,Abdurrahman Wahid,at the climax of his standoff with the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) and other sections of society,including the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI).
Abdurrahman Wahid,also known as Gus Dur,was impeached and dismissed as the fourth president of Indonesia on 23 July 2001,after he issued a decree to dissolve the Indonesian legislature and suspend the Golkar party.
The inauguration of Megawati Sukarnoputri as the fifth president of Indonesia took place on Monday,23 July 2001. The ceremony was held at the DPR/MPR Building shortly after the MPR vote her to become president,the ceremony also marked the end of Abdurrahman Wahid's term as president following his impeachment after the presidential decree on the same day.
Muhammad Prakosa was an Indonesian bureaucrat,diplomat,and politician from the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P). He was Indonesia's minister of agriculture from 1999 to 2000 and forestry from 2001 until 2004. He was then nominated by the PDI-P for a seat in the People's Representative Council and served for three terms from 2009. In 2021,Prakosa was installed as the ambassador to Italy,with concurrent accreditation to Malta,San Marino,Cyprus,FAO,IFAD,UNIDROIT,and WFP. He died on 17 January 2023,while still holding the office of ambassador.
